Becoming and being a translation and interpreting teacher in China: A sustainable role identity trajectory.

This study presents a Translation and Interpreting Teacher Role Identity (TITRI) trajectory, a sustainable career development model for T&I teachers. It employs a qualitative case study method to investigate the professional lives of three T&I teachers in China, mapping their role identity development across three stages using the Dynamic Systems Model of Role Identity (DSMRI). The findings highlight that the three case participants have experienced some major events, symbolizing a career path beginning as a T&I practitioner and culminating into a multifaceted role. The analysis emphasizes how major events define the TITRI trajectory, shaping T&I teachers' professional paths and highlighting the dynamic interplay between their personal experiences and professional development. The TITRI trajectory enhances our understanding of the professional role identity of T&I teachers. It adds to the existing literature on T&I teacher professional development by providing deeper insights into the mechanisms that help T&I teachers in cultivating their roles as trainers/educators, researchers and practitioners within the higher educational context.

Development and implementation of the Capstone Program on integrating career exploration and medical humanities at a medical school in Korea.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to implement and evaluate the outcomes, perceptions, and satisfaction of the Capstone Program developed at the Catholic University of Korea, which integrates career exploration and medical humanities. METHODS: This study was conducted with fourth-year medical students from 2017 to 2019. First, the study analyzed the trends in the results of Capstone Projects conducted by students as part of their career exploration, where they independently explored areas of interest and selected topics. Second, it qualitatively analyzed the content of individual reports in which students reflected on their experiences from a "medical humanities perspective" through the Capstone Program. Third, it examined students' perceptions and satisfaction with the Capstone Program. RESULTS: The analysis revealed that students chose research topics from a wide range of fields, including basic medicine, clinical medicine, global healthcare, and integrated healthcare systems and innovation. The students reported positive perceptions of their career exploration and research experiences through the Capstone Program, particularly valuing sessions like "Meetings with Seniors" within the conference framework. Students indicated that the Capstone Program enhanced their ability to think introspectively from a humanities perspective, deepening their understanding of their roles and responsibilities as medical professionals. CONCLUSION: The Capstone Program provides a significant opportunity for medical students to explore their career paths and engage in introspective reflection from the viewpoint of medical humanities and social sciences. Thus, the integration of programs like capstone into the broader medical curriculum, focusing on career guidance and the reinforcement of medical humanities education, is imperative.

Recognising the importance and impact of Imaging Scientists: Global guidelines for establishing career paths within core facilities.

In the dynamic landscape of scientific research, imaging core facilities are vital hubs propelling collaboration and innovation at the technology development and dissemination frontier. Here, we present a collaborative effort led by Global BioImaging (GBI), introducing international recommendations geared towards elevating the careers of Imaging Scientists in core facilities. Despite the critical role of Imaging Scientists in modern research ecosystems, challenges persist in recognising their value, aligning performance metrics and providing avenues for career progression and job security. The challenges encompass a mismatch between classic academic career paths and service-oriented roles, resulting in a lack of understanding regarding the value and impact of Imaging Scientists and core facilities and how to evaluate them properly. They further include challenges around sustainability, dedicated training opportunities and the recruitment and retention of talent. Structured across these interrelated sections, the recommendations within this publication aim to propose globally applicable solutions to navigate these challenges. These recommendations apply equally to colleagues working in other core facilities and research institutions through which access to technologies is facilitated and supported. This publication emphasises the pivotal role of Imaging Scientists in advancing research programs and presents a blueprint for fostering their career progression within institutions all around the world.

Faculty retention at a young medical school in crisis times and beyond: prospects, challenges and propositions from a mixed-methods study.

BACKGROUND: Retention of faculty constitutes a significant challenge for higher education institutions, especially in times of crisis. Lebanon has been experiencing economic recession since the end of its civil war in 1990 until its complete collapse in 2019. This resulted in a massive faculty exodus, escaping the daily struggle with the sinking economy. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to empirically investigate the factors that precipitate faculty attrition and the measures that foster long-term commitment to the institution in a time of unprecedented crisis. METHODS: An online anonymous survey, using a Likert scale, gathered responses from 92 faculty members. Quantitative findings were complemented by a qualitative exploration of emergent themes in comments. A team of three certified researchers conducted the analysis. Inductive analysis identified recurring themes, with steps like intercoder reliability checks and member-checking enhancing data validity. The researchers ensured methodological rigour, subject expertise, and overall reliability and validity of the thematic analysis. RESULTS: A total of 78 faculty participated in the survey (84.8%), with 79.5% reporting overall satisfaction, but a varying degree of satisfaction was noted across items. Faculty satisfaction was highest in areas such as respectful interactions (91.0%), belonging to the workplace (85.9%), communication from the Dean's office (85.9%), supportive environment and medical school leadership's commitment to retaining faculty (82.1%). Financial assistance, support for research and professional assistance were identified as important retention measures. Effective, transparent communication from leadership was highlighted as a critical factor during times of crisis. CONCLUSION: This study provides strategies for faculty retention in times of crisis that include ensuring timely salary payments, supporting research and professional development, fostering a positive work environment and implementing bonding programmes. Transparent communication from leadership is vital for faculty satisfaction and retention. These findings can aid medical schools and other institutions facing faculty attrition during crises.

Influence of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on the post-graduate career paths of medical students: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization first declared the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in March 2020 and announced the end of the emergency in May 2023. Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted individuals globally, including medical students. Although the COVID-19 pandemic increased online education, it restricted clinical training, extracurricular activities, and interprovincial travel. Therefore, this study aimed to examine whether the COVID-19 pandemic influenced the choice of training hospitals and career paths among 3rd- to 6th-year medical students in Japan. METHODS: We developed a questionnaire comprising 21 multiple-choice and 1 open-ended questions, which was administered anonymously via online platforms. The survey targeted Japanese medical students to obtain insights into their preferences for training hospitals and career paths during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants included 4th- to 6th-year medical students from 51 medical schools in Japan. The survey was conducted through student networks from 8 February 2022 to 20 March 2022. RESULTS: Overall, 507 medical students participated in the survey, with representation from various academic years as follows: 102 (20.1%), 134 (26.4%), 121 (23.9%), and 150 (29.6%) students from the 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th year, respectively. Of these, 338 (66.6%) students reported that the COVID-19 pandemic had influenced their choice of training hospitals. The degree of the influence varied based on the university region and the student year. However, most of the students (473, 93.3%) did not change their course for clinical, basic research, or administrative pathways due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Among the clinically oriented students, 391 (77.2%) did not change their preferred speciality. CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 pandemic influenced medical students' choice of training hospitals. Although many students believed that the pandemic would not change their career choices, our results indicate a potential subconscious trend to avoid internal medicine, which is the speciality most directly involved in treating patients with COVID-19.

[Report: Symposium "Fostering the Power to Open Up the Future and Collaboration among Academic Societies in the Field of Social Medicine: How to Promote and Support the Activities of Young Scientists"].

The recruitment and training of early-career researchers are important for the development of science, especially in countries with low birth rates, such as Japan. In several academic societies for social medicine, early-career researchers have formed associations for the purposes of networking and career development. However, to date, little information about the activities of these associations has been shared. Therefore, we organized a symposium at the 93rd Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society for Hygiene (March 4, 2023) to introduce the early-career researcher associations that have been formed within five academic societies namely the Japanese Society for Hygiene, Japan Epidemiological Association, Japan Society for Occupational Health, Japan Society for Medical Education, and Japan Society for Healthcare Administration. In this paper, we summarize the activities, challenges, and future prospects of each association and their strategies for future development and collaboration on the basis of presentations and discussions at the symposium.

Transformed through the CARTA experience: changes reported by CARTA fellows about their PhD journey.

Transformative learning occurs when a person, group, or larger social unit encounters ideas that are at odds with their prevailing perspective. This discrepant perspective can lead to an examination of previously held beliefs, values, and assumptions. The Consortium for Advanced Research Training in Africa (CARTA) has since 2011 been training and supporting faculty from different African universities, to become more reflective and productive researchers, research leaders, educators, and change agents who will drive institutional changes in their institutions. As part of a mid-term evaluation of CARTA, an open-ended question was posed to the CARTA fellows asking them to describe any changes they had experienced in their professional lives as a result of the CARTA Programme. The 135 responses were inductively coded and analysed using qualitative thematic analysis. These themes were subsequently mapped onto Hoggan's typology of transformative learning outcomes. CARTA fellows reported shifts in their sense of self; worldviews; beliefs about the definition of knowledge, how it is constructed and evaluated; and changes in behaviour/practices and capacities. This paper argues that the changes described by the CARTA fellows reflect transformative learning that is embedded in CARTA's Theory of Change. The reported transformation was enabled by a curriculum intentionally designed to facilitate critical reflection, further exploration, and questioning, both formally and informally during the fellows' PhD journey with the support of CARTA facilitators. Documenting and disseminating these lessons provide a guide for future practice, and educators wishing to revitalise their PhD training may find it useful to review the CARTA PhD curriculum.

Building strong health and career trajectories through translational research.

Translational research (TR) is the movement of fundamental scientific discoveries into healthcare settings and population health policy, and parallels the goals of DOHaD research. Unfortunately, there is little guidance on how to become a translational researcher. To understand the opinions of DOHaD trainees towards TR, we conducted a workshop at the DOHaD World Congress 2022. We found that trainees were enthusiastic for their work to have translational impact, and that they feel that holistic, multidisciplinary solutions may lead to more generalisable research. However, there lacks support for TR career pathways, which may stall the execution of the long-term vision of the DOHaD agenda. We put forward recommendations for trainees to clarify their purpose in pursuing TR and for seeking relevant people and patronages to support their training paths. For mentors, training institutions, and scientific societies, we recommend developing TR-specific programmes, and implementing training opportunities, networking events, and funding to support these endeavours.

Medical Specialty Interest Survey (MSIS): understanding career interest and specialty training in commencing Australian medical interns.

AIM: To assess specialisation interests in commencing interns and create a standardised survey to aid medical schools, supervisors and health services in quantifying, understanding and supporting medical career development to improve medical workforce planning. METHOD: The Medical Specialty Interest Survey (MSIS) cross-sectional study was used. Incoming interns at a multisite tertiary hospital network in Melbourne, Australia rated their desire to pursue each specialty as a career using a Likert scale (1-5). 47 Medical Board of Australia Medical Specialties were included in the survey. RESULTS: Completion rate was 123 of 124 (99.2%). The overall mean desirability was 2.62, suggesting on average more specialties were deemed less preferred. Critical care specialties were most popular, while surgical specialties had least interest. Gastroenterology and cardiology were most popular among internal medicine specialties. General practice had low correlation with other specialties (Pearson correlation mean R coefficient 0.106 compared with overall mean 0.208), suggesting interns interested in general practice exhibit less interest in other specialties, and interest in specialisation confers low interest in general practice. Psychiatry had the lowest mean R coefficient of 0.088. CONCLUSIONS: The MSIS quantifies relative interest in 47 medical specialties and specialty interest correlations among final-year medical students/incoming interns. The MSIS may be a tool for medical schools, healthcare services and government agencies to better understand the career interest among medical students and pre-vocational doctors and therefore improve doctor retention and well-being.

Impact of compensation and willingness to keep same career path on burnout among long-term care workers in Japan.

BACKGROUND: This study examined the relationships between compensation, willingness to keep same career path, and burnout among long-term care workers in Japan. METHODS: Data were collected from 319 care workers at long-term care facilities in Japan. The study variables included data on demographics, compensation, willingness to keep same career path, and burnout. RESULTS: The study found that compensation and willingness to keep same career were significantly negatively associated with burnout levels among long-term care workers in Japan. Long-term care workers with high compensation levels were found to be more likely to have low burnout levels. In addition, care workers who expressed an intention to keep same career path were likely to have low burnout levels. In addition, compensation is associated with burnout as the mediating role of willingness to keep same career. CONCLUSIONS: These results highlight the importance of implementing policies and measures that reduce the risk of burnout among care workers to improve the quality of care. Strategies for improving working conditions include increasing wages, increasing compensation for experienced care workers, and reorganizing benefits.

2023 A. Hamblin Letton Lecture.

For this lecture, I was inspired by Dr. Bryan Richmond's Southeastern Surgical Congress presidential address, "Finding your own unique place in the house of surgery." I struggled to find my own place in cancer surgery. The choices available to me and those who came before me enabled the wonderful career I am blessed to enjoy. What I share as part of my own story. My words do not represent those of my institutions or any organizations of which I am privileged to belong.

A Perioperative Specialty Elective to Address the Perioperative Nursing Shortage: Student Perspectives and Outcomes.

To help solve the perioperative nursing shortage, it is imperative that health care leaders understand why students choose or do not choose to pursue a career in perioperative nursing. In May 2021, we published the results of a specialty elective course evaluation from a leadership and perioperative services personnel perspective; in the current article, we examine the same program from the students' perspective. We distributed survey links to undergraduate nursing students to evaluate their perioperative knowledge before and after completing the course. Students reported large gains in knowledge, critical thinking, teamwork, and confidence at course completion, but the posttest mean number of students with an interest in pursuing perioperative nursing was lower than the pretest mean. This realization is perceived as a positive outcome of the perioperative elective course because it may lead to a decrease in turnover among newly hired perioperative nurses.

A flat profession? Developing an evidence-based career ladder by teachers for teachers-A case study.

This case study aimed at developing a research-based career ladder for public school teachers in Qatar, in an attempt to combat the flatness of the teaching career. Six focus groups interviews, each involving 3-5 teachers from governmental schools comprised the study sample. Data was analyzed using theme-based analysis. Findings suggest the legitimacy of a multi-directional career path for teachers, rather than the current linear career system, in order to support their resilience and wellbeing. A data-driven teacher career ladder is presented, discussed, and debated.

So You Want to be a Program Director? Career Paths of Colon and Rectal Surgery Residency Program Directors.

BACKGROUND: The trajectory of colon and rectal surgery residency program director (PD) career paths has not been well described, leaving those who aspire for the position with minimal guidance. The goal of this study is to characterize their career paths in the United States. By understanding their experiences, the path to train and educate the next generation of colon and rectal surgeons as a PD will be better illuminated. STUDY DESIGN: This study was an anonymous, cross-sectional survey of all junior and senior colon and rectal surgery residency PDs in the United States during April and May of 2022. PDs were divided into junior and senior PDs. Results were compared using 2-sided independent t-tests and Kruskall-Wallis tests. RESULTS: Of 65 colon and rectal surgery PDs, 48% (31/65) completed the survey which encompassed demographics, leadership, education, research, and time utilization. Participants were primarily white and male, although increased female representation was identified among the junior PDs (50%). Junior PDs were also more likely to hold associate or assistant professor positions at time of appointment (p = 0.01) and a majority of all PDs (64%) previously or currently held a leadership position in a national or regional surgical association. When appointed, senior PDs reported increased teaching time. CONCLUSIONS: This multi-institutional analysis of colon and rectal surgery residency PDs identified a trend towards equal gender representation and diversity amongst upcoming junior PDs. All respondents were appointed to PD from within the institution. Other key experiences included previous leadership roles and associate or assistant professor positions at time of appointment. While it is impossible to create a single recommended template for every aspiring colon and rectal surgery educator to advance to a PD position, this study provides guideposts along that career path.

Current professional standing of young medical oncologists in Spain: a nationwide survey by the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology + MIR section.

BACKGROUND: There is a lack of knowledge about the career paths and employment situation of young medical oncologists. The aim of our study was to evaluate the current professional standing of these professionals in Spain. METHODS: The Spanish Society of Medical Oncology + MIR section conducted a national online survey in May 2021 of young medical oncology consultants (< 6 years of expertise) and final year medical oncology residents. RESULTS: A total of 162 responses were eligible for analysis and included participants from 16 autonomous communities; 64% were women, 80% were consultants, and 20% were residents. More than half of the participants performed routine healthcare activity and only 7% research activity. Almost three quarters (73%) were subspecialized in a main area of interest and almost half of these chose this area because it was the only option available after residency. Half of the respondents (51%) considered working abroad and 81% believed the professional standing in Spain was worse than in other countries. After finishing their residency, only 22 were offered a job at their training hospital. Just 16% of participants had a permanent employment contract and 87% were concerned (score of ≥ 5 on a scale of 1-10) about their job stability. In addition, one quarter of the participants in our study showed an interest in increasing their research activity. CONCLUSIONS: The choice of subspecialty in medical oncology may depend on job opportunities after residency rather than personal interest. The abundance of temporary contracts may have influenced the job stability concerns observed. Future mentoring strategies should engage in building a long-term career path for young medical oncologists.

Mapping of dental graduates' career paths in Hong Kong, Japan and mainland China.

Dental graduates have a variety of career-path choices. After graduation, they may join private dental practice, government- or hospital-based dental care services, research groups, academia, business or industry. With globalization and frequent international exchange, dental graduates nowadays can explore careers outside their home country. However, dental education systems and job opportunities vary widely across different regions and countries. Diversity of accreditation in dental education, different licensure requirements, and lack of global competencies in dental care often limit the globalization, operation and survival of dental practice and education worldwide. The requirements for professional education and practice can be quite diverse, and these differences will be barriers to dental graduates seeking career development outside their home home country. Fresh dental graduates have minimal experience in job hunting. More specifically, they are unfamiliar with potential career paths. This paper was based on the 4th trilateral symposium 2022 organized by The University of Hong Kong, Tohoku University, and Fujian Medical University, which offered a lecture to discuss career paths for dental graduates in Hong Kong, Japan, and mainland China. The aim of this paper was to provide dentists, particularly fresh graduated dental students, with practical insight into different career paths in Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region of China, SAR), Japan and mainland China, and factors that may influence their career options. It assists dental students in exploring possibilities in dentistry and preparing for their career development after graduation from dental school.

[Practicing psychiatry tomorrow, "it comes from within!"] / Exercer en psychiatrie demain, « ça vient de l'intérieur ! ¼.

Is starting a nursing career by choosing to work in the psychiatric sector a matter of audacity, curiosity, opportunity or, more likely, choice? Two nurses at the end of their third year at the nursing training institute in Laxou (54), Manon Casucci, 30, and Mélusine Leh-Baroncini, 44, testify. Both in retraining, they bring an already clear and objective vision of their future professionals in psychiatry, all tinged with an optimistic spirit that we can believe is contagious. Crossed interview.

[A Proposal on the Pharmacy Specialists in Japan].

In Japan, each society has developed its own certification system for the pharmacy specialists in a specific area of pharmaceutical care. Since 2020, we have conducted research activities supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare to assure the quality of pharmacy specialists similar as other medical professionals. We proposed three reform plans. First, we defined a pharmacist career path after obtaining a license by redefining the name of a qualified pharmacist: Step 1, Training-Certified Pharmacist; Step 2, Board-Certified Pharmacist; and Step 3, Pharmacy Specialist. Second, we proposed common external standards for the Pharmacy Specialist. Third, we proposed the need for third-party certification for pharmacy specialists. New reforms for the pharmacy specialists are required under the autonomy of pharmacists.

A long and winding road: non-traditional routes into medical leadership.

INTRODUCTION: Clinicians enter the medical profession through a variety of routes. This paper explores how non-traditional routes into the medical profession can follow through into subsequent medical leadership practice, influencing issues of confidence, self-image and assumptions about leadership as a concept. METHOD: The first-person reflections of a doctor who entered the profession and the National Health Service from the German system and with a non-standard background are considered. We then discuss how those involved in leadership education can use diversity as a developmental tool. The article starts and ends with personal reflections and observations from a Consultant Opthalmologist, interposed with insights from the pedagogy of leadership development by a University academic. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that medical leadership development can be enriched through recognising the value that non-traditional routes in clinical leadership can bring, and that educators can use the leverage of difference and diversity to create positive loops of development activity.