Artificial Intelligence (AI) Assessment of Pediatric Dental Panoramic Radiographs (DPRs): A Clinical Study.

This clinical study aimed to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and precision of artificial intelligence (AI) in assessing permanent teeth in pediatric patients. Over one thousand consecutive DPRs taken in Kielce, Poland, with the Carestream CS9600 device were screened. In the study material, 35 dental panoramic radiographs (DPRs) of patients of developmental age were identified and included. They were automatically evaluated with an AI algorithm. The DPRs were then analyzed by researchers. The status of the following dichotomous variables was assessed: (1) decay, (2) missing tooth, (3) filled tooth, (4) root canal filling, and (5) endodontic lesion. The results showed high specificity and accuracy (all above 85%) in detecting caries, dental fillings, and missing teeth but low precision. This study provided a detailed assessment of AI performance in a previously neglected age group. In conclusion, the overall accuracy of AI algorithms for evaluating permanent dentition in dental panoramic radiographs is lower for pediatric patients than adults or the entire population. Hence, identifying primary teeth should be implemented in AI-driven software, at least so as to ignore them when assessing mixed dentition (ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT06258798).

Evaluation of General Anesthesia and Sedation and Follow-Up Compliance in Pediatric Dental Procedures: A Comprehensive Analysis of Long-Term Outcomes and Gender Differences.

This retrospective study evaluated the effectiveness of different types of general anesthesia (GA) and sedation in pediatric dental procedures, focusing on treatment outcomes and follow-up compliance with an emphasis on gender differences. Clinical records of 1582 pediatric patients, aged 0-18 years, were analyzed to examine the distribution, duration and impact of anesthesia types on dental procedure complexity. The study population was divided into three age groups: 0-6, 7-12 and 13-18 years. We assessed follow-up attendance rates by gender and anesthesia type, calculated the decayed, missing and filled (DMF) index and evaluated the need for further treatment and reasons for retreatment. Our findings indicated that general anesthesia with inhalational agents and muscle relaxants was the most frequently used method (1260 instances), followed by nitrous oxide sedation (163 instances) and sevoflurane GA with a laryngeal mask airway (158 instances). Inhalational GA with muscle relaxants had the longest average duration (2.78 h) and the highest DMF index (7.43), reflecting its use in more severe dental conditions. Gender analysis revealed a slight male predominance in using inhalational GA with muscle relaxants (55.87% male vs. 44.13% female). Female patients demonstrated higher follow-up compliance across all periods. Overall, our results highlight the importance of tailored anesthesia and sedation plans, as well as follow-up protocols, in pediatric dentistry. This study provides valuable insights for practitioners in selecting appropriate anesthesia and sedation types and developing strategies to improve follow-up compliance and treatment success.

Oral Health Status and Treatment Needs Based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) Dental Panoramic Radiograph (DPR) Analysis: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: The application of artificial intelligence (AI) is gaining popularity in modern dentistry. AI has been successfully used to interpret dental panoramic radiographs (DPRs) and quickly screen large groups of patients. This cross-sectional study aimed to perform a population-based assessment of the oral health status and treatment needs of the residents of Kielce, Poland, and the surrounding area based on DPR analysis performed by a high-accuracy AI algorithm trained with over 250,000 radiographs. Methods: This study included adults who had a panoramic radiograph performed, regardless of indications. The following diagnoses were used for analysis: (1) dental caries, (2) missing tooth, (3) dental filling, (4) root canal filling, (5) endodontic lesion, (6) implant, (7) implant abutment crown, (8) pontic crown, (9) dental abutment crown, and (10) sound tooth. The study sample included 980 subjects. Results: The patients had an average of 15 sound teeth, with the domination of the lower dental arch over the upper one. The most commonly identified pathology was dental caries, which affected 99% of participants. A total of 67% of patients underwent root canal treatment. Every fifth endodontically treated tooth presented a periapical lesion. Of study group members, 82% lost at least one tooth. Pontics were identified more often (9%) than implants (2%) in replacing missing teeth. Conclusions: DPR assessment by AI has proven to be an efficient method for population analysis. Despite recent improvements in the oral health status of Polish residents, its level is still unsatisfactory and suggests the need to improve oral health. However, due to some limitations of this study, the results should be interpreted with caution.

Association between salivary flow and dental caries in institutionalized adolescents: Cross-sectional study.

Background: Brazil has a larger number of adolescent offenders, but studies evaluating their oral health are still limited. Objective: Assess the association between salivary flow and caries experience in youngsters deprived of liberty. Methodology: Sixty-eight male adolescents in conflict with the law, aged between 15 and 19 years, from a Socio-Educational Assistance Center in Brazil participated in the present study. They answered a structured questionnaire, and oral examination was performed by the Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index. The salivary flow rate was obtained using the mechanically stimulated total saliva method. Adjusted Poisson regression was used for the association with total DMFT and its decayed component, using the salivary flow (continuous fashion) or the hyposalivation (≤1 ml/min) as independent variables. Results: Participants were divided into two groups, those who did not have any decayed teeth at the moment of the examination (n = 39) and those who had at least one decayed tooth (n = 29). Moreover, two groups were formed based on the DMFT: those who had DMFT = 0 (n = 20) and those who had DMFT≥1 (n = 48). In the multivariate analysis, hyposalivation was associated with DMFT≥1 (p = 0.048), but when the salivary flow was included, no significant association with DMFT index was identified (p = 0.178). Conversely, the presence of at least one decayed tooth was significantly associated with the salivary flow (p = 0.004), but not with hyposalivation (p = 0.091). Conclusions: Institutionalized adolescents who present hyposalivation or low salivary flow are associated with DMFT≥1 index or presence of at least one decayed tooth, respectively.

Dental caries and associated factors among Turkish children and adults: Findings from the 3rd National Oral Health Survey.

BACKGROUND: Information on the current status of oral health and related risk factors is lacking in Turkiye. This study aimed to evaluate dental caries and associated factors among the Turkish population using the findings of the third national oral health survey. METHODS: This cross-sectional epidemiological survey was carried out between March and September in 2018 including five index ages and age groups (5-, 12-, 15-year-olds, 35-44 and 65-74 age groups). A multistage cluster sampling design was used to obtain a national representative sample of these age groups. Participants were interviewed face-to-face using a structured questionnaire, and oral examinations were performed based on the methods and criteria suggested by the World Health Organization. The adjusted prevalence ratio for dental caries was estimated considering sociodemographic and behavioural characteristics by using log-binomial and robust Poisson regression analysis in R and SAS software. RESULTS: After data cleaning, a total of 11 091 participants remained. The prevalence of dental caries was 76.5% (95% confidence interval: 75.4%-77.7%) and determined to be associated with age, dental visit, and pain or discomfort history during the previous year among the Turkish population. Prevalence was also associated with the mother's education level among 5-, 12- and 15-year-olds. For the 35-44 age group, individuals living in urban areas had lower dental caries than those living in rural areas. For 65-74 age group, none of the factors were significantly associated with dental caries. CONCLUSION: A high prevalence of dental caries was observed in Turkish children and adults. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen current preventive oral health programs. Regular disease surveillance should be maintained. National oral health targets should be formulated in accordance with Turkiye's needs, resources and structure.

Evaluation of oral health status in the population above 50: evidence from the ardakan cohort study on aging (ACSA).

BACKGROUND: The global population is undergoing rapid aging, and older individuals are more susceptible to various health issues, including oral health problems. Despite the increasing attention given to healthy aging, oral health has often been overlooked in discussions related to health problems. This study aims to assess the oral health status of middle-aged and older adults in Iran. METHODS: This cross-sectional study analyzed data from 4970 men and women aged 50 years and above, who participated in the Ardakan Cohort Study on Aging (ACSA) between 2020 and 2022. Trained personnel administered a questionnaire and conducted oral health examinations to determine the oral health status and oral hygiene behaviors of the participants. RESULTS: The mean value (SD) of the total Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index was 21.3 (10.7). Approximately 46% of all participants were completely edentulous (without natural teeth). Moreover, 58.5% of the total sample wore dentures, and the mean age (SD) when they started using dentures was 48.5 (20.7) years. About 71% of participants with natural teeth reported brushing their teeth at least once a day, while about 63% of denture wearers cleaned their dentures daily. In the sample, 28% of individuals had visited a dentist in the last year. The prevalence of difficulty in biting and chewing food among the participants was 48.2% and 44.6%, respectively. Additionally, nearly 68% of all samples reported experiencing at least one difficulty in daily functioning due to oral/dental conditions. The study identified cutoff points of seven (sensitivity = 56.8 and specificity = 77.5) and 10 (sensitivity = 72.1 and specificity = 71.1) missing teeth, indicating the presence of at least one problem in daily functioning due to oral/dental conditions in middle-aged and older adults, respectively. CONCLUSION: The study reveals a high prevalence of edentulism and denture use among participants aged 50 years and above. The majority of samples reported difficulties in daily functioning due to oral and dental conditions, especially in biting and chewing food. These findings highlight the importance of proactive measures to address oral health issues in middle-aged and older adults, thereby enhancing their overall health and well-being.

Relación entre el índice CPOD y la limitación para socializar en escolares de Ecuador / Relationship between the DMFT index and the limitation to socialize in schoolchildren from Ecuador

Introducción: La Organización Mundial de la Salud define a la caries dental como un problema de salud mundial que afecta entre el 60 al 90% de la población. Se considera una enfermedad transmisible de origen multifactorial, que evoluciona de manera progresiva hasta ocasionar la destrucción de los tejidos duros. Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre dientes cariados, perdidos y obturados, y la limitación para socializar en escolares de Ecuador. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de tipo correlacional sobre una población de 154 escolares de 12 años de la parroquia el Batán, de Cuenca-Ecuador (2016); para el análisis estadístico los datos fueron ingresados al programa SPSS, donde se efectuó estadística descriptiva para cada una de las variables y la limitación para socializar. Resultados: Se logró constatar que la población objeto presentó un índice de CPOD muy bajo (32,5 %), de igual forma se evidenció que el 62,7% no presentó limitación a la hora de socializar. En cuanto a la correlación entre ambas variables, se mostró una asociación positiva con un nivel de significancia de p=0,002. Una de las principales limitaciones del estudio fue el escaso contacto con los participantes. Se recomienda, efectuar investigaciones epidemiológicas longitudinales con la finalidad de observar la variación del coeficiente de correlación de las variables en fases de pretratamiento y de postratamiento. Conclusión: Al finalizar el estudio, se demostró que existe correlación estadística entre el índice CPOD y la limitación en el desempeño socializar en los escolares de 12 años de la parroquia el Batán.

Introduction: the World Health Organization defines dental caries as a global health problem that affects between 60 and 90% of the population. It is considered a communicable disease of multifactorial origin, which evolves progressively until it causes the destruction of hard tissues. Objective: to determine the relationship between decayed, missing and filled teeth and the limitation to socialize in schoolchildren from Ecuador. Methods: a descriptive correlational study was carried out on a population of 154 schoolchildren aged 12 years from the El Batán parish, Cuenca-Ecuador (2016); data was entered into the SPSS program for the statistical analysis, where descriptive statistics were performed for each of the variables and for the limitation to socialize. Results: it was possible to verify that the target population had a very low DMFT index (32.5%); in the same way it was evidenced that 62.7% did not have limitations when socializing. A positive association, with a significance level of p=0.002, was shown regarding the correlation between both variables. One of the main limitations of the study was the limited contact with the participants. We recommend to carry out longitudinal epidemiological investigations in order to observe the variation of the correlation coefficient of the variables in the pre-treatment and post-treatment phases. Conclusion: we showed, at the end of the study, that there is a statistical correlation between the DMFT index and the limitation in socializing performance in 12-year-old schoolchildren from the El Batán parish.

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its association with oral health: First results from the Kurdish cohort study.

Aims: Investigate the association between oral and dental health (ODH) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adults aged 35-70 years. Methods: The study utilized data from the enrollment phase of Dehgolan prospective cohort study in the west of Iran. A cross-sectional assessment was conducted on a total of 3996 participants, involving a comprehensive oral examination and the assessment of their oral hygiene behavior (ODH). MetS was defined according to the updated National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. Logistic regression used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics. Results: MetS was more prevalent among those who not daily brushing and flossing. Participants with missing teeth (MT) show higher prevalent of MetS. Being female, lower age, illiteracy, family history of diabetes, low physical activity, and salt at table were independently associated with increase odds of MetS (p < 0.05). Odds of MetS were significantly decreased with use flossing (OR = 0.75; CI = 0.60-0.93), decayed (OR = 0.83; CI = 0.72-0.97), filled (OR = 0.84; CI = 0.71-0.99), and increased with MT (OR = 1.45; CI = 1.16-1.81) as long as adjusted for ODH factors. When other potential confounder such as sociodemographic, personal and nutritional habits were adjusted, daily flossing was the only factor that still statistically decreased (OR = 0.79; CI = 0.62-0.99) the odds of MetS. Conclusion: Daily flossing was the only factor that independently associated with MetS. Relationship of other ODH factors with Mets were confounded by sociodemographic characteristics of the participants.

Prevalence of dental caries in pregnant Colombian women and its associated factors.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the prevalence of dental caries in pregnant women in the Colombian population and its association with the medical history and social determinants, based on data from the fourth National Oral Health Survey (ENSAB IV). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 1,047 pregnant women from different areas of Colombia were evaluated. A dental evaluation was performed using a flat oral mirror and blunt-tipped probe (World Health Organization, 2007). For diagnosis of the dental condition, the DMFT index was used. A negative binomial regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between social determinants and the DMFT index. RESULTS: The results of this national study show a 59% prevalence of caries in this population. Regarding the experience of caries, 89.9% of pregnant women showed having had caries. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this national study on pregnant women show a high prevalence of dental caries. The women's level of education is an important factor associated with dental caries and filled teeth, so the role of oral health education and dental check-ups are important. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The findings of this study show the oral health situation of pregnant women, with a high prevalence of dental caries. This leads to the development and strengthening of oral health education strategies that empower pregnant women in their care. In addition, dental checkups during pregnancy should be implemented and reinforced to prevent and treat oral pathologies and thus prevent complications during this stage.

Developing and assessing the efficiency of VOSER software in recording dental caries according to WHO's criteria 2013.

Background/purpose: World Health Organization (WHO) oral health survey manual is the main guideline for most oral health surveys worldwide. It has been updated several times since 1971; however, using papers and pens for data recording remains unchanged. This study aimed to develop the Vietnam Oral Survey Electronics Recorder (VOSER) to record dental caries data based on the WHO 2013 criteria and assess its reliability and efficiency. Materials and methods: VOSER was developed and tested for reliability and efficiency by performing clinical examinations on 365 school children in three key indicator age groups: 120 5-year-old students with primary dentition, 123 8-year-old students with mixed dentition, and 122 12-year-old students with permanent dentition. One gold standard examiner and two trained clerks examined these children using either WHO's paper survey form or VOSER's digital form for dental caries. Recording time, spreadsheet time, DMFT/S, and dmft/s were analyzed to compare the efficiency of VOSER to the paper form. Cohen's Kappa, intraclass correlation coefficient, and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were adopted in the data analyses. Results: Median time of using VOSER was significantly shorter than the standard time in all three dentitions (P < 0.001). Cohen's Kappa values between data collected by VOSER and paper form showed almost perfect agreements (0.927-0.958). DMFT/S and dmft/s values calculated from data collected by both methods had good to excellent reliabilities (0.791-0.997). Conclusion: VOSER is efficient and reliable for conducting dental caries surveys according to the WHO 2013 criteria and should be utilized in the era of digital technology.

Salivary Nitric Oxide Levels in Adults with Different DMFT Scores in a Selected Iranian Population: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Objectives: Due to the emphasis on the protective and antimicrobial role of Nitric Oxide against gastrointestinal diseases, investigating its relationship with dental caries is a right topic. Therefore, this research has investigated the amount of saliva Nitric Oxide in different volumes of DMFT indicator in adults. Material and Methods: In this descriptive- analytical cross-sectional study, 80 participants (20-35 years old), without a history of systemic disease and drug use participated as research samples, (53.8% of the participants in the study were women). Participants were selected from patients who had visited dental Department. The participants were divided in four groups based on DMFT (DMFT=0, 1≤DMFT≤3, 3

Dental Caries Experience in Children in Public Kindergartens of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Objectives: Dental caries first occurs within primary dentition in toddlers and preschool children, in a form of early childhood caries (ECC). In every day's busy and employment burdened parenting, caretakers and institutions have become important even more nowadays, not only for forming child general behavior and character, but also for maintenance of their general and oral health as well. Aims: To evaluate the presence and severity of ECC in children who attended public kindergartens in Sarajevo, and to offer basic information for the maintenance and improvement of child oral health to their parents and kindergarten teachers. Methods: The study included 1722 preschool children aged 3-6 years who attended kindergartens within Sarajevo public kindergarten institution, together with their parents and kindergarten teachers. Dental team members gradually visited all kindergartens situated in four Sarajevo city municipalities and examined kindergarten children according to the WHO Oral Health Survey Manual. Oral health promotion material for parents and kindergarten teachers was also distributed simultaneously during sequential visits. Results: ECC was present in preschool kindergarten children in Sarajevo, with its high prevalence (67.71%); dmft-value (3.97) and severity (SiC index 8.79). There was also a significant lack of dental healthcare to examined children mostly related to lack of visiting dental offices by children's parents (CI=10.55%, RI=10.80%, TI=12.98%). Conclusion: Parental role in preserving and improving of their children oral health should be systematically and profoundly improved. Kindergarten officials and staff should recognize the importance of anticariogenic diet menus and oral hygiene maintenance within their institutions.

Evaluation of oral health-related quality of life in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia/acute myelocytic leukemia: A cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: Chemotherapy and radiotherapy, used to treat childhood hematological malignancies (acute lymphocytic leukemia [ALL] and acute myelocytic leukemia [AML]) can negatively affect oral tissues and organs. This study aimed to evaluate the oral health-related quality of life in children with ALL/AML. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 99 children, including 49 undergoing ALL/AML (41 with ALL and eight with AML) and 50 healthy volunteers, were included in this cross-sectional study. The mean age of the entire study group was 78.63 ± 34.41 months. The mean age of the ALL/AML and control groups was 87.12 ± 35.04 and 70.95 ± 34.85 months, respectively. The Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (SOHI), the Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT/dmft) index, and the Turkish version of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS-T) were administered to all children. The data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 22.0). The Pearson chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used to compare demographic data. RESULTS: The age and gender distributions of the two groups were similar. According to ECOHIS-T, the children in the ALL/AML group had significantly more loss of function (eating, drinking, sleeping, etc.) than those in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Oral health and self-care were negatively affected by childhood ALL/AML and its treatment.

Relationship between index of orthodontic treatment need dental health component (IOTN-DHC) and caries prevalence in school-age children.

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of the study were to investigate the relationship between caries prevalence and the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need Dental Health Component (IOTN-DHC) in school-age children who live in the dentistless area and to consider the effective way to reduce the potential progression of malocclusion with the growth through the dental survey in Arbulag district, Khövsgöl province, Mongolia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The 95 school-age children (49 males, 46 females) who participated in the study were born in and were residents of Arbulag district, Khövsgöl province, Mongolia. The mean ages of the participants were 8.3 years (y) ± 1.7 y for males and 8.8 y ± 1.7 y for females. The Mann-Whitney U test was performed to determine the sex difference for the dmf/DMF index. The relationship between the IOTON-DHC and the dmf/DMF index was statistically examined using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. RESULTS: Regarding the dmf/DMF index, no sex difference was observed. There were significant, fair positive correlations between the IOTON-DHC grade and F; between the IOTON-DHC grade and DMF index in males. There were significant, fair positive correlations between the IOTON-DHC grade and M; between the IOTON-DHC grade and DMF index in females. CONCLUSIONS: Significant, fair positive correlations were found between the caries prevalence and the grade of malocclusion. Thus, prevention and early treatment of dental caries in a mixed dentition may be effective to reduce the potential progression of malocclusions in dentistless area.

Prevalence and associated factors of self-reported halitosis among institutionalized adolescents: Cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence and associated factors of self-reported halitosis in institutionalized adolescents in a city in southern Brazil. METHODS: This cross-sectional study involved male institutionalized adolescents, aged 15-19 years old, at the Socio-Educational Assistance Center in the city of Passo Fundo, Brazil. Data collection was performed by a research team composed of two interviewers, two clinical examiners of oral health and two examiners of salivary flow. A structured questionnaire was applied, which included demographical, socioeconomical, general health behaviour, presence of health problems and oral health self-perception variables. Decayed, Missing, Filled Index was used for the clinical examination. The salivary flow collection was performed using the mechanically stimulated total saliva method, in which only the liquid component was measured. RESULTS: The prevalence of self-reported halitosis in this sample was 51.5% (n = 35). In the final multivariate analysis, halitosis was significantly associated with the non-white racial group (prevalence ratio [RP]:1.703; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]:1.101-2.634), use of crack (RP:1.857; 95%CI:1.270-2.714) and number of decayed teeth (PR: 1.123; 95%CI:1.008-1.252). The use of alcohol and access to dental care in the last 12 months were not significantly associated with self-reported halitosis. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that non-white and crack-user youngsters had a high occurrence of self-reported halitosis. Higher rates of dental caries are also associated with halitosis.

Escuelas saludables, Índice de CPOD y ceo-d

Introducción. La caries dental es un problema de salud pública, la Organización Mundial de la Salud informa que entre el 60 % y el 90 % de los niños en todo el mundo sufren caries visibles. La Caries Temprana de la Infancia es una forma severa y particular, es multifactorial, que afecta la dentición primaria. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar el índice de ceo-d y CPO-d en escolares del municipio de Colcapirhua, Cochabamba. Metodología. El trabajo de investigación se desarrolló en el marco del enfoque cuantitativo, los diseños corresponden a descriptivo, observacional, de cohorte transversal y prospectivo. La población de estudio corresponde a 3.448 niños y niñas en edad escolar de 6 a 11 años. Resultados. De 3.383 escolares con una distribución mayor para los varones 50,5 % y para mujeres 49,5 %. La prevalencia de caries, según ceo-d para la población total, fue de 64,8 % y sanos 35,2 %. Se puede evidenciar que las piezas con caries en los niños de 6 años están presentes en un 27,2 % siendo el más alto y 3,5 % a los 11 años en menor proporción; es similar 27 % a los 6 años en las niñas y la edad con menos frecuencia de caries 2,4 % es a los 11 años. En cuanto a las extracciones en niños, el dato más elevado está a los 6 años 22,5 % y en menor proporción está a la edad de los 9 años; en las niñas se evidencia el mayor porcentaje a los 8 años 27,2 % y en una proporción menor a los 11 años 3,6 %. En relación con las obturaciones, con mayor frecuencia 28,8 % se da a los 8 años de edad en los varones y en las niñas a los 7 años 23,7 %. Discusión. El índice de CPO-d corresponde a 2,7 correspondiendo a un grado de severidad moderado y de ceo-d 4,7 reportando un grado severo, según los parámetros establecidos por la OMS/OPS. En Bolivia el 2015 hacen referencia que el índice de CPO-D a nivel nacional fue 4,6 y ceo-d 7,2; a partir de ello, la meta propuesta en el Plan Sectorial de Desarrollo Integral para Vivir Bien 2016- 2020 se cumplió.

Introduction. Dental caries is a public health problem, the World Health Organization reports that between 60% and 90% of children worldwide suffer from visible caries. Early Childhood Caries is a severe and particular form, it is multifactorial, which affects the primary dentition. The objective of the study was to determine the index of ceo-d and CPO-d in schoolchildren from the municipality of Colcapirhua, Cochabamba. Methodology. The research work was developed within the framework of the quantitative approach, the designs correspond to descriptive, observational, cross-sectional and prospective cohort. The study population corresponds to 3,448 boys and girls of school age from 6 to 11 years old. Results. Of 3,383 schoolchildren with a greater distribution for males 50.5% and for females 49.5%. The prevalence of caries, according to ceo-d for the total population, was 64.8% and healthy 35.2%. It can be evidenced that teeth with cavities in 6-year-old children are present in 27.2% being the highest and 3.5% at 11 years in lesser proportion; it is similar 27% at 6 years in girls and the age with less frequency of caries 2.4% is at 11 years. Regarding the extractions in children, the highest data is at 6 years old 22.5% and in a lower proportion it is at the age of 9 years; in girls, the highest percentage is evident at 8 years old 27.2% and in a lower proportion at 11 years old 3.6%. In relation to the fillings, with greater frequency 28.8% it occurs at 8 years of age in boys and in girls at 7 years 23.7%. Discussion. The CPO-d index corresponds to 2.7 corresponding to a moderate degree of severity and ceo-d 4.7 reporting a severe degree, according to the parameters established by the WHO/PAHO. In Bolivia in 2015 they refer that the CPO-D index at the national level was 4.6 and ceo-d 7.2; Based on this, the goal proposed in the Comprehensive Development Sector Plan for Living Well 2016-2020 was met.

Introdução. A cárie dentária é um problema de saúde pública, a Organização Mundial da Saúde relata que entre 60% e 90% das crianças em todo o mundo sofrem de cárie visível. A cárie precoce da infância é uma forma grave e particular, multifatorial, que acomete a dentição decídua. O objetivo do estudo foi determinar o índice de ceo-d e CPO-d em escolares do município de Colcapirhua, Cochabamba. Metodologia. O trabalho de investigação foi desenvolvido no quadro da abordagem quantitativa, os desenhos correspondem a coorte descritiva, observacional, transversal e prospectiva. A população do estudo corresponde a 3.448 meninos e meninas em idade escolar de 6 a 11 anos. Resultados. Dos 3.383 escolares com maior distribuição para o sexo masculino 50,5% e para o feminino 49,5%. A prevalência de cárie, segundo ceo-d para a população total, foi de 64,8% e saudável 35,2%. Pode-se evidenciar que dentes com cárie em crianças de 6 anos estão presentes em 27,2% sendo a maior e 3,5% aos 11 anos em menor proporção; é semelhante 27% aos 6 anos nas meninas e a idade com menor frequência de cárie 2,4% é aos 11 anos. Em relação às extrações em crianças, o maior dado é aos 6 anos 22,5% e em menor proporção é aos 9 anos; nas meninas, o maior percentual é evidente aos 8 anos 27,2% e em menor proporção aos 11 anos 3,6%. Em relação às obturações, com maior frequência 28,8% ocorre aos 8 anos nos meninos e nas meninas aos 7 anos 23,7%. Discussão. O índice CPO-d corresponde a 2,7 correspondendo a grau moderado de gravidade e ceo-d 4,7 relatando grau grave, de acordo com os parâmetros estabelecidos pela OMS/OPAS. Na Bolívia em 2015 referem que o índice CPO-D a nível nacional foi de 4,6 e ceo-d 7,2; Com base nisso, a meta proposta no Plano Setorial de Desenvolvimento Integral para o Bem Viver 2016-2020 foi cumprida.

Prevalence of dental caries and associated factors of detention center inmates in South Korea compared with Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) respondents: a retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: Correctional institution inmates have reduced access to dental care; however, a quantitative assessment of their oral health condition has not yet been performed in South Korea. Therefore, this study aimed to assess dental caries and compare the prevalence of dental caries and associated factors between inmates and the general South Korean population. METHODS: The dental records of two detention centers in South Korea were retrospectively analyzed to assess the clinical oral health condition of inmates using the Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index and self-reported questionnaire. These data were compared with similar data obtained from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) for the general South Korean population. RESULTS: In total, 642 inmates were analyzed and compared with 13,345 KNHANES participants in the KNHANES. The inmate and KNHANES groups demonstrated significant intergroup differences, with a higher prevalence of untreated caries, DMFT, decayed teeth (DT), and missing teeth (MT) values among the inmates. The prevalence of untreated caries decreased according to the history of dental pain in the inmate group but increased in the KNHANES group. The decrease in DMFT with a history of dental pain was significant only in the inmate group. Furthermore, self-rated oral health was significantly associated with prevalence of untreated caries, DMFT, DT, MT, and filled teeth (FT) in the inmate group but with prevalence of untreated caries, DMFT, DT, and MT in the KNHANES group. It was found that this is because there is an interaction effect by the group. CONCLUSIONS: The oral health of the inmate group was significantly poorer than that of the general group. Since DMFT, DT, MT, and FT values and prevalence of untreated caries in the inmate group were significantly related to their self-rated oral health, suggesting that self-rated oral health should be incorporated into the dental health screenings of correctional institution inmates.

A Cross-Sectional Assessment of Effects of Imprisonment Period on the Oral Health Status of Inmates in Ghaziabad, Delhi National Capital Region, India.

BACKGROUND: Incarcerated individuals usually exhibit high oral health needs than the average population. Several factors contribute to these needs both before incarceration and during the sentence itself. Inmates are a marginalized group, who are at a higher risk for a variety of medical, dental, and emotional disorders than the general population. The aim of the study was to assess of effects of the imprisonment period on the oral health status of inmates. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 532 inmates with imprisonment up to three years, three to six years, and six to ten years were included in the study. Incidence and prevalence of dental caries, decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT) index, and periodontal and prosthetic status were evaluated in detail. RESULTS: Results showed that the prevalence of dental caries was relatively high among the convicts. It was found that 98.2% of the inmates had one or more teeth decayed. Additionally, 31.2% (pocket >4mm) of the inmates had poor periodontal status with 4.5% of the subjects having a loss of attachment score of 4-5mm or more. A total of 3.5% of the inmates had full dentures, either upper or lower arch. The relative need for full prosthesis was projected to be around 1.4% of the studied population. CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of the study, the authors found that dental healthcare delivered and received by the inmates is much below the acceptable limit. Additionally, the incidence of dental caries in inmates was unexpectedly higher with tooth decay in 98.2% of subjects. Hence, the need of the hour is to critically incorporate and reinforce our efforts with a special focus on the risk factors of oral health.

Salud oral en adolescentes: Escuelas saludables

Introducción: El Índice de CPO-D es uno de los indicadores epidemiológicos más comunes empleado para evaluar la prevalencia de dientes cariados, perdidos y obturados, se define en dentición permanente a partir de los 12 años y según parámetros establecidos es interpretado la severidad; el objetivo es determinar el Índice de CPO-D en los adolescentes de las unidades educativas del municipio de Colcapirhua. Metodología: es un estudio descriptivo, de cohorte transversal, observacional y prospectivo, la población se conformó con 2919 estudiantes de 12 a 17 años, la técnica utilizada fue la observación, los datos fueron recolectados por medio de instrumentos odontológicos, espejo y explorador y los datos fueron registrados en la ficha clínica odontológica. Resultados: se reporta un índice de CPO-D de 7,9 muy alto en los sujetos de información, de acuerdo a la edad a los 15 años en el sexo femenino muestra 10,2 siendo el más resaltante; se presentan dientes con caries 87,8 %, perdidos 17,4 % y obturados 59,9 %. Discusiones: Las caries dentales en los adolescentes al igual que en otros países es elevado, pero el ICPO-D en Bolivia y en particular en el estudio es muy alto, los valores obtenidos muestran que el Índice de CPO-D es muy significativa y necesita intervención. Esta situación puede ser atribuida a múltiples factores que incrementan la tendencia de esta patología que continúa siendo un problema de salud pública.

Abstrat Introduction: The CPO-D Index is one of the most common epidemiological indicators used to assess the prevalence of decayed, lost and filled teeth, it is defined in permanent dentition from 12 years of age and severity is interpreted according to established parameters; the objective is to determine the CPO-D Index in the adolescents of the educational units of the municipality of Colcapirhua. Methodology: it is a descriptive, cross-sectional, observational and prospective study, the population was made up of 2919 students from 12 to 17 years old, the technique used was observation, the data were collected by means of dental instruments, mirror and explorer and the Data were recorded in the dental clinical record. Results: a very high CPO-D index of 7.9 is reported in the information subjects, according to age at 15 years in the female sex it shows 10.2 being the most outstanding; 87.8% have teeth with caries, 17.4% are missing and 59.9% are filled. Discussions: Dental caries in adolescents, as in other countries, is high, but the ICPO-D in Bolivia and in particular in the study is very high, the values ​​obtained show that the CPO-D Index is very significant and needs intervention. This situation can be attributed to multiple factors that increase the tendency of this pathology, which continues to be a public health problem.

Introdução: O Índice CPO-D é um dos indicadores epidemiológicos mais utilizados para avaliar a prevalência de dentes cariados, perdidos e obturados, é definido na dentição permanente a partir dos 12 anos e a gravidade é interpretada de acordo com parâmetros estabelecidos; o objetivo é determinar o Índice CPO-D nos adolescentes das unidades educacionais do município de Colcapirhua. Metodologia: trata-se de um estudo descritivo, transversal, observacional e prospectivo, a população foi composta por 2919 alunos de 12 a 17 anos, a técnica utilizada foi a observação, os dados foram coletados por instrumentos odontológicos, espelho e explorador e os dados foram registrados no prontuário clínico odontológico. Resultados: é relatado um índice CPO-D muito alto de 7,9 nos sujeitos de informação, segundo a idade aos 15 anos no sexo feminino mostra 10,2 sendo o mais destacado; 87,8% possuem dentes com cárie, 17,4% estão ausentes e 59,9% estão obturados. Discussões: A cárie dentária em adolescentes, como em outros países, é alta, mas o ICPO-D na Bolívia e em particular no estudo é muito alto, os valores obtidos mostram que o Índice CPO-D é muito significativo e precisa de intervenção. Esta situação pode ser atribuída a múltiplos fatores que aumentam a tendência desta patologia, que continua a ser um problema de saúde pública.

Dental caries: Impact of tobacco product among tobacco chewers and tobacco smokers.

Objective: Tobacco is the most significant social burden and the leading cause of death. Tobacco is derived from "Nicotiana tabacum" which has nicotine as the main component. There are various disadvantages from tobacco on health which are reported in the medical literature. But the risk of caries among these tobacco users, such as chewers and smokers, is still debatable. Hence, the present study aims to determine the prevalence of dental caries among tobacco chewers and smokers. Materials and methods: In this study, 389 individuals were included. Out of 389 individuals, 304 were men and 85 were women aged between 18 and 60 years. They were classified into two groups. Group A had 207 individuals with habitual tobacco chewing, and Group B had 182 individuals with habitual tobacco smoking and provided a 6 months history. The DMFT index (Decayed, Missing, and filled teeth index-WHO modification 1997) was used to assess caries. Results: The study revealed a higher prevalence of dental caries among tobacco chewers compared to tobacco smokers. The DMFT scores were higher among gutka chewers compared to other types of tobacco use. The lower posterior tooth region showed higher dental caries in tobacco chewers compared to smokers. Conclusion: The higher presence of caries in the tobacco chewing group is due to the presence of sweeteners, which act as cariogenic agents. Similarly, smokers have a thiocyanate component that acts as an anticariogenic agent; therefore, the prevalence of caries was lower in tobacco smokers.