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1.
Front Nutr ; 11: 1476784, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39444570

RESUMEN

Introduction: Female infertility is a multifactorial condition influenced by lifestyle and dietary factors. Understanding the relationship between nutritional status, dietary habits, and infertility could provide insights for targeted interventions. Methods: A case-control study was conducted in health centers and hospitals in Alicante, Spain. The study included 60 infertile and 30 fertile women aged 18-40, selected through consecutive sampling. Data on body composition and dietary intake were collected and analyzed. Results: Infertile women exhibited significantly lower muscle mass (p = 0.005) and larger hip circumference (p = 0.034) compared to fertile women. Additionally, a significant association was found between high red meat consumption and an increased risk of female infertility (p = 0.011). Discussion: These results suggest that body composition and dietary habits, particularly muscle mass and red meat intake, play a key role in female fertility. Interventions aimed at improving muscle mass, reducing localized body fat, and limiting red meat consumption may enhance fertility outcomes. Further longitudinal research is needed to confirm these findings across diverse populations.

2.
Behav Sci (Basel) ; 14(10)2024 Oct 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39457778

RESUMEN

During the COVID-19 lockdown, a high prevalence of disruption in lifestyle habits was reported, especially concerning sleep habits. The present study aimed to explore the relationship between lifestyles and the COVID-19 lockdown on subjects living in Mexico. A cross-sectional survey was conducted. An online questionnaire was administered to survey participants. A clustering procedure was performed to identify groups of survey respondents with similar characteristics. There were 155 survey respondents. Most of them were women (83%) of young age. The clustering identified two distinct groups of subjects, i.e., Cluster 1 and 2. The subjects in Cluster 2 were younger, more likely to use social media, and spent much more time watching TV/surfing the internet than subjects in Cluster 1. Furthermore, the prevalence of problems with falling and staying asleep during the lockdown was higher in Cluster 2 than in Cluster 1 (14% in Cluster 2 vs. 4% in Cluster 1) even though nobody from Cluster 2 had sleep problems before the lockdown. The study showed that younger respondents were those more affected by lockdown measures.

3.
Nutrients ; 16(20)2024 Oct 10.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39458434

RESUMEN

Background/Objectives: Dietary habits are among the most significant determinants of health. The aim of this study was to assess the nutritional quality and cardiovascular profiles of individuals following plant-based diet. Methods: The study population comprised 199 individuals (136 women, 63 men; mean age 33.9 ± 8.9 years) including vegans (VG; n = 50), vegetarians (VN; n = 101) and omnivores (OV; n = 48). In this analysis the following procedures were assessed: a questionnaire interview, anthropometric and blood pressure measurements, and a blood sample collection. Dietary patterns were evaluated using the Food Frequency Questionnaire and a 24-h dietary recall. Results: Vegans exhibited the lowest protein intake relative to the other groups (p < 0.05) and a significantly higher intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids and lower intake of cholesterol compared to VN and OV (p < 0.05). Vegans had significantly lower levels of serum cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides, fasting glucose and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (p < 0.05). No cases of overweight or obesity were observed among VN and VG participants. No instances of impaired fasting glucose or elevated blood pressure were noted among vegans. Hypercholesterolemia was identified in 56.2% of OV, 26.7% in VN and 16.0% in VG (p < 0.05), elevated blood pressure was recorded in one vegetarian and in 6.2% of OV participants. Conclusions: Our research indicates that plant-based diets are associated with a better cardiovascular profile compared to traditional diets. Moreover, suboptimal intake of essential nutrients, underscores the need for more effective public health interventions and improved nutrition education regardless of dietary patterns.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Cardiovasculares , Dieta Vegana , Dieta Vegetariana , Vegetarianos , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Adulto , Polonia/epidemiología , Dieta Vegetariana/estadística & datos numéricos , Vegetarianos/estadística & datos numéricos , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/epidemiología , Población Urbana/estadística & datos numéricos , Veganos , Dieta/estadística & datos numéricos , Conducta Alimentaria , Persona de Mediana Edad , Presión Sanguínea , Valor Nutritivo , Estado Nutricional , Dieta Saludable/estadística & datos numéricos
4.
Front Psychol ; 15: 1480812, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39450131

RESUMEN

Introduction: There is a growing body of evidence suggesting that self-regulation of eating behavior (SREB) is closely linked to dietary habits and mental health. However, little is known about these relationships within the Saudi Arabian population. This study aimed to address this gap. Methods: A digital cross-sectional study was conducted utilizing the SREB and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD-7) questionnaires, along with a brief survey about dietary habits. Linear and logistic regression analyses were employed to examine these associations, with a total of 651 Saudi participants enrolled in the study. Results: The results showed that only 15.5% of participants demonstrated a high capacity for SREB, while 65% experienced moderate or severe symptoms of GAD. Greater SREB was significantly associated with reduced GAD scores (ß = -0.13, 95% CI; -0.12 to -0.03; p < 0.001) and lower BMI (ß = -0.10, 95% CI; 0.08 to -0.00; p = 0.01). Additionally, predictive factors for high capacity for SREB included higher daily intake of fruits (OR = 2.90, 95% CI; 1.44 to 5.84; p = 0.003) and regular breakfast consumption (OR = 1.64, 95% CI; 1.01 to 2.63; p = 0.04). Discussion: These findings suggest that enhancing SREB may be a promising strategy for obesity prevention and improving mental health outcomes among the Saudi population. Implementing interventions aimed at promoting healthier dietary habits could support the physical and mental well-being of this population.

5.
Dent J (Basel) ; 12(10)2024 Oct 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39452450

RESUMEN

Dietary Factors and Oral Health: Risky dietary behaviors, particularly excessive sugar consumption, significantly contribute to dental caries. Dental practitioners are tasked with detecting and managing these behaviors to effectively treat caries and prevent recurrences. Although dietary assessment tools exist to identify such behaviors, they have limits. Furthermore, traditional methods, focused on information dissemination and advice, often fall short in promoting sustainable changes in patient behavior toward oral health. From our perspective, there is a necessity to integrate educational approaches with therapeutic management for enhancing the ability current and future dental practitioners to effectively care for their patients' oral health needs. Discussion: Specific educational models have been developed for patients with chronic diseases, through Therapeutic Patient Education (TPE), defined as helping patients acquire or maintain the skills they need to best manage their lives with a chronic disease. Future Directions: By incorporating TPE into dental practice, oral health professionals can empower patients to take control of their eating habits and reduce their risk of caries disease. This holistic approach addresses both the carious lesions and underlying causes of tooth decay, leading to better oral health outcomes for patients.

6.
Nutrients ; 16(20)2024 Oct 19.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39458542

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Understanding the causal relations between dietary habits and stroke is crucial for prioritizing public health interventions and developing effective health strategies. This study utilized Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to examine the causal associations between 20 dietary habits and various stroke subtypes, aiming to identify potential mediators and evaluate the proportions of mediation. METHODS: A two-sample MR analysis was conducted to examine the causal relationships between dietary habits and stroke incidence. Mediation analysis, two-step MR (TSMR), and multivariable MR (MVMR) were employed to identify potential mediators. Genetic data pertaining to dietary habits and stroke were obtained from extensive genome-wide association study (GWAS) consortia. The inverse variance-weighted (IVW) method served as the primary analytical approach, with the additional scrutiny of significant correlations conducted through the Egger regression, MR-Pleiotropy Residual Sum and Outlier (MR-PRESSO), and weighted median techniques. RESULTS: Our analyses indicated that genetically predicted intakes of dried fruits, cheese, cereal, oily fish, and hot drink temperatures were protective against stroke, whereas higher intakes of lamb/mutton, poultry, and added salt significantly elevated stroke risk. Specifically, dried fruit consumption demonstrated a protective effect against total stroke (ß = -0.009, p = 0.013), ischemic stroke (ß = -0.475, p = 0.003), and small-vessel ischemic stroke (ß = -0.682, p = 0.033) through reductions in BMI levels, accounting for mediated proportions of 3.2%, 17.1%, and 8.5%, respectively. Furthermore, cheese intake provided a protective effect against ischemic stroke (ß = -0.275, p = 0.003) by decreasing BMI and increasing HDL-C levels, with mediated proportions of 30.5% and 6.5%. Together, BMI and HDL-C accounted for 34.9% of the beneficial effect of cheese intake on reducing the risk of ischemic stroke. In contrast, an increased salt intake exhibited a positive association with large-artery ischemic stroke (ß = 0.432, p = 0.033) through BMI elevation, with a mediated proportion of 10.9%. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide compelling evidence supporting causal relationships between dietary habits and stroke subtypes, while identifying mediators and evaluating the proportions of mediation. Adhering to a low-calorie, nutrient-dense diet enriched with dried fruits, cheese, and cereal, along with reduced salt and poultry consumption, could potentially mitigate stroke risk.


Asunto(s)
Conducta Alimentaria , Estudio de Asociación del Genoma Completo , Análisis de la Aleatorización Mendeliana , Accidente Cerebrovascular , Humanos , Accidente Cerebrovascular/epidemiología , Accidente Cerebrovascular/genética , Dieta , Factores de Riesgo , Frutas , Análisis de Mediación , Incidencia
7.
Nutrients ; 16(20)2024 Oct 21.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39458555

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study investigates the dietary patterns, health behaviors, and related determinants among young people in Poland, amid increasing lifestyle-related health concerns like obesity and poor nutrition. Understanding the factors influencing these behaviors is crucial for crafting effective public health strategies. The objective was to analyze young Poles' eating habits, their perceptions of health, and the role of various determinants in shaping these behaviors. METHODS: A survey was conducted among a representative sample of young Poles, gathering data on eating habits, health perceptions, and lifestyle choices. The survey focused on the respondents' understanding of healthy eating, sources of nutrition knowledge, and the influence of family, social media, and public health campaigns. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and correlations between health behaviors and socio-demographic factors were examined. RESULTS: The study revealed that 88% of young respondents prioritize health, with 73% acknowledging a link between nutrition and health. While most participants accurately described healthy eating and reported adherence to dietary guidelines, 43% engaged in emotional eating, which often led to compulsive behaviors associated with obesity. Social media, internet articles, and family were primary sources of nutrition knowledge. Despite their knowledge, fruit and vegetable consumption was below recommended levels, and physical activity levels were insufficient in nearly half of the respondents. Only 36% regularly read food labels, with many choosing products containing additives. Appearance-related stress was prevalent among 52% of respondents, while sleep deficits and lack of sufficient physical activity were common. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that while young Poles possess a high level of awareness regarding healthy eating, gaps remain in the application of this knowledge, particularly concerning emotional eating and inadequate fruit and vegetable consumption. Public health campaigns should be more effectively targeted to address these gaps and promote sustainable health behaviors from early childhood. Addressing emotional eating, enhancing physical activity, and improving nutrition education through effective channels like social media are key to improving public health outcomes.


Asunto(s)
Conducta Alimentaria , Conductas Relacionadas con la Salud , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Salud Pública , Humanos , Conducta Alimentaria/psicología , Femenino , Masculino , Adulto Joven , Adolescente , Polonia , Dieta Saludable/psicología , Dieta Saludable/estadística & datos numéricos , Estilo de Vida , Adulto , Dieta/estadística & datos numéricos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios
8.
Food Chem ; 464(Pt 2): 141739, 2024 Oct 21.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39461309

RESUMEN

Understanding the current dietary habits of college students is essential due to the pressing issues of unbalanced diets and insufficient nutrition. However, traditional approaches frequently depend on recollection, which can introduce unconscious bias and make them difficult to implement. Herein, we introduce a new computer vision system to evaluate the dietary habits of college students in China. A specialized food dataset comprising RGB-D images, recipes with ingredient masses, and nutrient composition was created using data collected from college canteens. First, object detection models were utilized to identify food categories and locations. Subsequently, we introduced a method for automatically estimating the food volume of nonstandard portions using position and depth information. The final nutrients were derived directly or indirectly through the database. Experimental results demonstrate the applicability of the YOLOv8 object detection model and volume estimation method to our tasks. To support the development of devices for detecting food intake and diet management, we have made our dataset publicly available. The College Canteen Food-100 dataset is publicly available at https://github.com/zichengzichengzi/CC-FOOD-100.

9.
Front Nutr ; 11: 1389896, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39421617

RESUMEN

Background: This study examines the indirect causal relationships between dietary habits and osteoporosis, mediated through liposomes, utilizing a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. The research leverages genetic variations as instrumental variables to explore the genetic influences on dietary habits, liposomes, and osteoporosis, aiming to unravel the complex interplay between diet, lipid metabolism, and bone health. Methods: The study utilized genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data for liposomes from Finnish individuals and osteoporosis-related data, alongside dietary factors from the OpenGWAS database. Instrumental variables were selected based on genetic variants associated with these factors, using a strict significance level and linkage disequilibrium threshold. Statistical analysis employed the Inverse Variance Weighted method, weighted median, and mode-based methods within the R environment, complemented by sensitivity analyses to ensure the robustness of the causal inferences. Results: Findings revealed significant causal relationships between specific dietary components (white rice, cereal, and non-oily fish) and osteoporosis risk, both directly and mediated through changes in liposome levels. Notably, white rice consumption was associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis, while cereal and non-oily fish intake showed protective effects. Further, certain liposomes were identified as mediators in these relationships, suggesting a link between diet, lipid profiles, and bone health. Conclusion: The study highlights the significant impact of dietary habits on osteoporosis risk, mediated through liposomes. These findings underscore the importance of considering lipidomic profiles in dietary guidance and suggest potential targets for preventing osteoporosis through nutritional interventions.

10.
BMC Cancer ; 24(1): 1264, 2024 Oct 11.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39394086

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Understanding the factors that contribute to variability in breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) is an important first step in developing targeted interventions to improve quality of life in breast cancer patients. Although previous research studies have has identified many risk factors for BCRL, dietary habits and catheterization type have rarely been studied until the present. AIM: This study aims to explore the effects of nursing factors such as dietary habits and catheterization type on breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL). METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included 1,476 breast cancer patients who underwent surgery between January 1, 2012, and September 1, 2020. Lymphedema was assessed with a validated self-report questionnaire. All research data were obtained from medical records and a follow-up database. Multivariate Cox regression was conducted to explore the effects of dietary habits and catheterization type on BCRL. RESULTS: The results showed an increased risk for BCRL among breast cancer patients who followed a high-fat diet prehospitalization (HR = 2.47; 95% CI = 1.55-3.94; P < 0.001), indwelling totally implantable venous access ports (TIVAPs) compared with indwelling needles (HR = 0.56; 95% CI = 0.35-0.90;P = 0.017) or indwelling peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) (HR = 0.69; 95% CI = 0.45-1.05; P = 0.086). CONCLUSION: High-fat diet pre-hospitalization was an independent risk factor for lymphedema. The TIVAPs did not exert a protective effect on lymphedema compared with the PICC and indwelling needle. This study finding offers new insights to develop targeted interventions to decrease the incidence of lymphedema.


Asunto(s)
Linfedema del Cáncer de Mama , Neoplasias de la Mama , Conducta Alimentaria , Humanos , Femenino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Linfedema del Cáncer de Mama/etiología , Linfedema del Cáncer de Mama/epidemiología , Factores de Riesgo , Neoplasias de la Mama/complicaciones , Anciano , Adulto , Catéteres de Permanencia/efectos adversos , Calidad de Vida
11.
Front Nutr ; 11: 1375179, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39416647

RESUMEN

Objective: Previous research has established a connection between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), glycemic traits, dietary habits, and the risk of Pressure Ulcers (PUs). The aim of our study is to disentangle any potential causal relationship between T2DM, glycemic traits, and dietary factors, and the risk of PUs. Methods: The exposure and outcome datasets were sourced from the IEU Open GWAS project, the Meta-Analyses of Glucose and Insulin-related traits Consortium (MAGIC), and the FinnGen biobank, respectively. The primary MR analysis method employed was the inverse variance-weighted method. Furthermore, we employed multivariable MR (MVMR) adjusting for BMI. Then, we investigated the possibility of a reverse association between glycemic traits and PUs through bidirectional MR. Finally, Heterogeneity and pleiotropic analysis were conducted to ensure the accuracy and robustness of the results. Results: The findings revealed that T2DM (OR = 1.282, 95% CI: 1.138-1.445, p < 0.001) and Fasting Glucose (FG; OR = 2.111, 95% CI: 1.080-4.129, p = 0.029) were associated with an increased risk of PUs, while salad/raw vegetable intake (OR: 0.014; 95% CI: 0.001-0.278; p = 0.005) was identified as a protective element. However, no other dietary elements demonstrated a statistically significant causality with PUs. In addition, in the reverse direction, there were positive correlation between genetic susceptibility to PUs and an increase in FG (OR: 1.007, 95% CI: 1.000-1.013, p = 0.048) and Fasting Insulin (FI; OR: 1.012, 95% CI: 1.003-1.022, p = 0.011). MVMR results indicated that the causal effect of T2DM on PUs was independent of BMI (OR: 1.260, 95% CI: 1.112-1.427, p < 0.001). These results remained robust when considering weak instrument bias, pleiotropy, and heterogeneity. Conclusion: This study establishes a causal link between genetically predicted T2DM, FG and an increased risk of PUs. Conversely, Salad/raw vegetable intake is significantly inversely associated with PUs. Simultaneously, we identified two downstream effector factor (FG and FI) that were associated with PUs. These findings may have clinical implications for both prevention and treatment.

12.
Front Nutr ; 11: 1455236, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39416652

RESUMEN

Background: Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death worldwide. The increase in patients with obesity and diabetes raises the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Proper eating habits and adequate nutritional knowledge play a key role in preventing and treating these conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the dietary habits, nutritional knowledge, and nutritional status of patients hospitalized in a cardiology department in Poland, including those with obesity or diabetes. Methods: The study was conducted at St. Barbara Regional Specialized Hospital No. 5 in Sosnowiec from January to June 2021, involving 301 patients, 154 women (51.2%) and 147 men (48.8%), aged 29 to 87. Participants were assessed for BMI, NRS 2002 scale, morphology, biochemistry results, blood pressure, and examined for nutritional knowledge and habits using proprietary questionnaires. A proprietary scale was used to assess eating habits. Results: Most cardiology patients were overweight or obese, with 80% exceeding the normal weight range. No significant gender differences were noted in malnutrition risk on the NRS 2002 scale. The study found patients rarely consumed recommended amounts of vegetables, fruits, legumes, whole grains, fish, and dairy products. Only 26.2% regularly ate a second breakfast, and just 9.3% chose water with meals. However, consumption of salty snacks, energy drinks, and alcohol was low. Biochemical and blood test analysis did not show significant differences between patients with diabetes, obesity, and others. Conclusion: Most cardiology patients were overweight or obese, which poses a significant risk for further health complications, including cardiovascular diseases. Although patients with diabetes and/or obesity had better nutritional knowledge in some areas, this did not lead to healthier eating habits. The absence of significant differences in biochemical tests suggests that overall lifestyle and diet are crucial to cardiovascular health.

13.
AIMS Public Health ; 11(3): 803-818, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39416903

RESUMEN

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the association between nutrition behavior, food intake, being overweight, and obesity among school-aged children and adolescents aged 9 to 17 years. Additionally, it sought to examine how these factors influence being overweight and obese within this population. Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted with a representative multistage cluster sample of 4200 Pakistani school-aged children and adolescents aged 9 to 17 years from 62 schools across seven random districts in Punjab province, Pakistan. Underweight (BMI < 5th percentile), overweight (85th ≤ BMI < 95th percentile), and obese (95th percentile ≤ BMI) were defined using the US Center for Disease Control (CDC) 2000 criteria, and a Chi-square test utilized for comparison. The Pearson correlation coefficient (r) assessed any correlations, while a linear regression analysis explored the predictive power of Nutrition Behavior/Food Intake factors (independent variables) on body-weight (dependent variable). A logistic regression analysis estimated the simultaneous influence of multiple factors on the dichotomous outcomes, and the 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. The statistical significance level was set at p < 0.05. Results: The study was comprised of 4108 Pakistani school children aged 9 to 17 years (mean age = 13.92 years, 59.3% boys) from 62 schools. Among them, the prevalence of being overweight and obese individuals was 19.4% and 10.7%, respectively. Factors such as skipping breakfast (OR 2.45, 95% CI 1.53-3.93, p < 0.001), consuming vegetables less than once a week (OR 4.12, 95% CI 3.06-5.55, p < 0.001), consuming soft drinks three or more times a week (OR 4.74, 95% CI 3.73-6.04, p < 0.001), and consuming fast food three or more times a week (OR 10.56, 95% CI 8.16-13.67, p < 0.001) were associated with a higher risk of obesity. Conclusion: Being overweight and obese pose significant concerns among school-aged children and adolescents in Pakistan, showing a troubling upward trend. Poor nutrition behaviors, including frequenting fast-food restaurants and low consumption of fruits and vegetables, contribute to these issues. It is imperative to comprehend these risk factors to formulate impactful policies and dietary interventions that target childhood obesity in Pakistan. Identifying vulnerable populations and implementing tailored intervention strategies are essential for public health efforts. While further interventions may be needed to reduce the body mass index (BMI) and manage being overweight and obese, the findings of this study provide valuable insights into addressing these critical health challenges.

14.
Front Public Health ; 12: 1461989, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39416936

RESUMEN

Background: The study aimed to evaluate self-perceived changes in lifestyle factors, particularly physical activity (PA), following the transition from secondary school to university. A secondary objective was to examine the relationship between lifestyle variables and weekly PA frequency. Key factors assessed included sleep quality, dietary habits, alcohol and tobacco consumption, and PA frequency. Methods: The study surveyed 1,665 first-year undergraduate students at Slovak public universities (mean age: 20.73 years, SD ±1.39) using adapted versions of Healthy Lifestyle Questionnaire (CEVS-II) and the Brief Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (B-PSQI). Data collection took place between December 2022 and February 2023. Results: Significant declines were observed in most lifestyle variables after students transitioned to university. The proportion of students engaging in irregular, or no PA increased from 37% before university to 46% during their studies (p < 0.01). Reports of tiredness upon waking also rose, from 52 to 64% (p < 0.01). Meal frequency decreased, particularly among males, with the percentage of students eating only 1-2 meals per day rising from 9 to 15% (p < 0.05). Conversely, the regularity of breakfast consumption increased, increasing from 65 to 73% (p < 0.01). No significant changes were observed in tobacco smoking habits. Conclusion: The findings highlight a notable reduction in PA and other lifestyle factors during the transition to university life. These results emphasize the need for targeted interventions to support healthy behaviors during this critical life phase.


Asunto(s)
Ejercicio Físico , Estilo de Vida , Estudiantes , Humanos , Eslovaquia , Masculino , Universidades , Femenino , Estudiantes/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto Joven , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Instituciones Académicas , Adolescente , Conducta Alimentaria , Calidad del Sueño , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/epidemiología
15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39375835

RESUMEN

AIM: Empirical research investigating hyperorality in syndromes associated with frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is limited. The present study aims to assess and describe hyperorality and its clinical and imaging correlates in patients with FTLD-associated syndromes. METHODS: This retrospective longitudinal study included consecutive patients with FTLD who underwent a clinical, cognitive, and behavioral assessment. The presence and severity of hyperorality was assessed using the Frontal Behavior Inventory. RESULTS: A total of 712 patients with FTLD were included in the study. Hyperorality was reported by 29% (204 of 712 [95% CI: 25-32%]) of patients; was more frequent in those with severe dementia than in those with prodromal or mild to moderate dementia (P < 0.05); was associated with younger age (odds ratio [OR] = 0.96 [95% CI: 0.94-0.99]), (P = 0.003) and positive family history for dementia (OR = 2.03 [95% CI: 1.18-3.49], P = 0.010); was overall more probable in the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) and frontotemporal dementia with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis phenotypes, and less probable in other language or motor phenotypes; and was associated with higher severity of neuropsychiatric symptoms (OR = 1.08 [95% CI: 1.06-1.10], P < 0.001) and with the presence of several behavioral symptoms (P < 0.05). Moreover, hyperorality severity increased over time only in patients with bvFTD (ß = +0.15, P = 0.011) or semantic variant of primary progressive aphasia (ß = +0.34, P = 0.010). Finally, the presence of hyperorality was significantly associated with greater atrophy in the right anterior insula and right orbitofrontal region (false discovery rate-corrected P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Hyperorality is common in certain FTLD-associated syndromes. Understanding its correlates can help clinicians define pharmacological and educational interventions and clarify related anatomical circuits.

16.
J Community Health ; 2024 Oct 19.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39427056

RESUMEN

Food culture plays a vital role in societal dynamics, with various factors influencing dietary choices beyond hunger. Among these factors are external eating, triggered by environmental cues, and emotional eating, which are common stress-coping mechanisms among college students. Social media has a significant impact on nutrition by providing access to food-related content, which can lead to restrictive diets or unhealthy eating habits. High social media engagement is associated with an increased risk of chronic diet-related conditions such as metabolic syndrome. This study investigated the association between social media use and dietary habits among college students in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The cross-sectional study surveyed 401 participants online. The findings revealed that 74.6% of participants were women, with a mean age of 20.75 years. A significant portion (51.9%) reported spending over four hours daily on social media, with TikTok, Instagram, and YouTube being the primary sources of nutritional information. Statistical analysis indicated significant differences in dietary scores related to having children, medical conditions, and social media usage time. This study highlights the negative impact of extensive social media use on dietary habits and suggests the need for targeted public health interventions. Recommendations include promoting reliable nutrition-related content on social media, offering affordable healthy food options on campuses, and conducting further research to establish causality between social media use and dietary habits.

17.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39428277

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND AND AIM: During the last few years, the Seven Countries Study of Cardiovascular Diseases (SCS) produced some new analyses dealing with the relationships of a dietary score, the pool of dietary fatty acids and serum cholesterol with major types of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in 10 cohorts of 6 countries made of middle-aged men followed-up for 60 years until extinction. This sparse evidence is condensed here to provide a coherent view. METHODS AND RESULTS: The Mediterranean Adequacy Index (MAI, a dietary score whose high levels depict the characteristics of the Mediterranean Diet), was highly and significantly associated in an inverse way, at country levels, with the Atherogenicity (ATI) and the Thrombogenicity (THI) indexes that included a series of dietary fatty acids. These indexes were highly and significantly associated in a direct way with country baseline serum cholesterol levels. Countries with high serum cholesterol had largely higher death rates from coronary heart disease (CHD) and lower rates from other heart diseases of uncertain etiology and stroke. The reverse was observed in countries with low serum cholesterol. CONCLUSION: The chain of diet, dietary fatty acids and serum cholesterol seems to be responsible in various ways for the different distribution of major CVD mortality subtypes in extincted cohorts.

18.
Nutrients ; 16(19)2024 Sep 28.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39408258

RESUMEN

Background: Obesity remains a widely debated issue, often criticized for the limitations in its identification and classification. This study aims to compare two distinct systems for classifying obesity: body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage (BFP) as assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). By examining these measures, the study seeks to clarify how different metrics of body composition influence the identification of obesity-related risk factors. Methods: The study enrolled 1255 adults, comprising 471 males and 784 females, with a mean age of 36 ± 12 years. Participants exhibited varying degrees of weight status, including optimal weight, overweight, and obesity. Body composition analysis was conducted using the TANITA Body Composition Analyzer BC-418 MA III device (T5896, Tokyo, Japan), evaluating the following parameters: current weight, basal metabolic rate (BMR), adipose tissue (%), muscle mass (%), and hydration status (%). Results: Age and psychological factors like cravings, fatigue, stress, and compulsive eating were significant predictors of obesity in the BMI model but not in the BFP model. Additionally, having a family history of diabetes was protective in the BMI model (OR: 0.33, 0.11-0.87) but increased risk in the BFP model (OR: 1.66, 1.01-2.76). The BMI model demonstrates exceptional predictive ability (AUC = 0.998). In contrast, the BFP model, while still performing well, exhibits a lower AUC (0.975), indicating slightly reduced discriminative power compared to the BMI model. Conclusions: BMI classification demonstrates superior predictive accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity. This suggests that BMI remains a more reliable measure for identifying obesity-related risk factors compared to the BFP model.


Asunto(s)
Índice de Masa Corporal , Impedancia Eléctrica , Conducta Alimentaria , Obesidad , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Composición Corporal , Tejido Adiposo , Factores de Riesgo , Adiposidad , Adulto Joven
19.
Nutrients ; 16(19)2024 Oct 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39408303

RESUMEN

Nutrition plays a key role in maintaining health and physical condition, particularly for active individuals, including athletes. It can therefore be assumed that individuals performing physically demanding tasks during the organization of sporting events, such as volunteers, should also pay attention to their nutrition. While the importance of diet for athletes has been widely studied, the impact of nutrition on sports volunteers remains under-researched. Volunteers often have to cope with varying degrees of physical and mental exertion, which may affect their nutritional needs. A qualitative study was conducted using in-depth individual interviews (IDIs) with 17 sports volunteers who had experience in organizing various sporting events. Participants were purposefully selected based on specific inclusion criteria, which included active involvement in sports volunteering (with a minimum of two years of experience in volunteer activities) as well as volunteering experience at sports events of various scales. The interviews aimed to understand the eating habits, dietary awareness, and impact of nutrition on health and physical fitness. The data were transcribed and subjected to thematic analysis, focusing on coding responses and identifying recurring themes. Most participants did not place much importance on their diet, making random food choices due to a busy lifestyle and lack of time. Only a few volunteers consciously adjusted their diet when they had knowledge of the physically demanding tasks they were expected to perform during their volunteer work. The majority of volunteers relied on less reliable sources of nutritional information, such as blogs or social media, rather than credible sources of knowledge. This study revealed that many individuals involved in sports volunteering are unaware of the impact of diet on their fitness and health. There is a need for nutritional education for this group to improve their awareness of the importance of a balanced diet in the context of increased physical activity. It is also advisable to provide better nutritional conditions during sporting events and to promote the use of professional sources of information about healthy eating.


Asunto(s)
Estado Nutricional , Investigación Cualitativa , Deportes , Voluntarios , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Voluntarios/psicología , Conducta Alimentaria/psicología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Dieta , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Adulto Joven , Atletas/psicología , Aptitud Física , Dieta Saludable
20.
J Family Med Prim Care ; 13(8): 2886-2891, 2024 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39228610

RESUMEN

Context: Anaemia is one leading cause of morbidity among adolescent girls. Prevention, early detection, and treatment can break the intergeneration cycle of malnutrition. Aims/Objectives: The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of anaemia and assess its sociodemographic determinants and understand its association with the dietary pattern of rural adolescent girls. Settings and Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 350 adolescent girls studying in the school of Kalgatigi Taluk, Dharwad district. The school girls were interviewed using a predesigned structured questionnaire by interview method. A food frequency questionnaire was used to assess the dietary pattern. Haemoglobin levels were estimated using Sahli's method. Statistical Analysis Used: Data were entered in Microsoft Excel and analysed using SPSS version 19 and the Chi-square test was applied to study the significance. Results: Rural adolescent school girls between the age group of 13-16 years were included. The prevalence of anaemia among them was found to be 47.4% and was significantly associated with the educational status of the mother, their socioeconomic status (SES), and type of diet. Vegetarian girls had a higher prevalence of anaemia. The frequency of meat and egg consumption was significantly associated with anaemia. The prevalence of anaemia was higher in thin and severely thin girls based on WHO-BMI. Conclusions: Anaemia in rural adolescent girls is of high burden and public health importance with a prevalence of 47.4% and significant association with dietary habits, SES, and BMI.

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