[Neisseria meningitidis and the increase of oral sex. A case report]. / Neisseria meningitidis y el aumento del sexo oral. A propósito de un caso.

Urethritis is an entity characterized by dysuria and purulent urethral discharge, generally acquired sexually. Neisseria gonorrhoeae is one of the most frequently responsible microorganisms. Neisseria meningitidis is a gram-negative diplococcus usually isolated in the pharynx, that occasionally causes meningococcal meningitis, being unusual it's isolation in the anogenital area where it could be a genitourinary pathogen. We present the case of a 25-years-old heterosexual male who, after a heterosexual intercourse with an occasional non-professional partner, including oral and vaginal sex, presented with symptoms of urethritis, orienting to a sexually transmitted infection. The bacteriological culture for N. gonorrhoeae was negative and the PCR for Chlamydia trachomatis was positive. Subsequently, the lab reported a positive bacteriological culture for sero-group C N. meningitidis, sensitive to ceftriaxone and a negative PCR for N. gonorrhoeae. N. meningitidis is the main cause of bacterial meningitis, but genomic studies have suggested that alleles of nitrate reductase, factor-H biding protein and capsule are associated with N. meningitidis isolation in genitourinary infections. Transmission from the oropharynx to the urethra through orogenital contact in unprotected oral sex has been widely proven. N. meningitidis prevalence as the cause of the urethritis is low, and the asymptomatic carriers in the urethra are extremely rare. PCR is a method for the N. gonorrhoeae and C.trachomatis diagnoses, but it does not detect N. meningitidis. The gonorrhoea diagnosis is based on an increased number of polymorphonuclear cells, with intracellular gram-negative diplococci in Gram' stain of urethral discharge. In our case, the gram-negative diplococcus seen in the stain was a meningococcus. Urethritis due to N. meningitidis is indistinguishable from the secondary to N. gonorrhoeae, mimicking it even microscopically, only the epidemiology varies. The conventional bacteriological culture continues to be essential for a correct diagnosis.

Conocimientos, conductas y motivos en los métodos preventivos para prácticas sexuales ororeceptivas en estudiantes de odontología / Knowledge, behaviors and motives in preventive methods for ororeceptive sexual practices in dentistry students

RESUMEN: La odontología está en búsqueda de miradas más integradoras, una de ellas se relaciona con la sexualidad. La educación sexual en odontología, ha tenido escasa representación curricular, instalándose más desde lo curativo que de lo preventivo. Este estudio evaluó el grado de conocimiento, las conductas y motivos relativos a los métodos preventivos y al riesgo asociado a las prácticas de sexo oral, en estudiantes de odontología de una universidad chilena. Material y métodos: Este estudio cuantitativo, transversal y analítico, utilizó como instrumento de recogida de datos, una encuesta anónima y autoaplicada, en 50 estudiantes voluntarios. Este instrumento indagó acerca de las condiciones relativas a salud sexual, específicamente en prácticas de sexo oral. Los análisis estadísticos fueron realizados utilizando los programas SPSS® v20 y Excel®. Resultados: En cuanto a los conocimientos de métodos preventivos para prácticas de sexo oral, además del condón, otras barreras fueron poco conocidas (13%). El 90% reportó haber practicado sexo oral alguna vez, de estos, 78% no utilizó barreras de protección. De los que reportaron haber usado barrera, el 100% utilizó condón. Conclusiones: Los conocimientos, conductas y motivos en salud sexual denotan un conocimiento deficiente relativo a métodos preventivos para prácticas de sexo oral y su riesgo asociado.

ABSTRACT: Dentistry is in search of more inclusive points of view, one of them related to sexuality. Sexual education has had little curricular representation in Dentistry, being approached more from a curative point of view rather than a preventive one. This study evaluated the degree of knowledge, conduct and motives related to preventive methods and the risk associated with oral sex practices among dental students of a Chilean university. Materials and methods: This quantitative, transversal and analytical study used an anonymous and self-applied survey on 50 voluntary students. The instrument inquired about conditions related to sexual health, specifically oral sex practices. Statistical data was analyzed using softwares such as SPSS v20 and Excel. Results: In terms of knowledge about preventive methods for oral sex practices, aside from condoms, other barriers where little known (13%); 90% reported having practiced oral sex once, and among these, 78% didn't use protection barriers. Of those who reported having used a barrier, 100% used condoms. Conclusions: Knowledge, conducts and motives in sexual health report a deficient knowledge of preventive methods for oral sex practices and their associated risk.