Percepciones sobre la institucionalización de la persona adulta mayor en Barranquilla, Colombia / Perceptions about the Institutionalization of the Elderly in Barranquilla, Colombia

Resumen Introducción: El crecimiento demográfico global observado en personas adultas mayores plantea múltiples retos para el diseño de políticas de bienestar y salud pública, los cuales requieren introducir mejoras para su calidad de vida, la de la familia y la comunidad. El presente estudio resultado de investigación recoge las percepciones relacionadas con la disyuntiva entre vivir la vida en familia o la institucionalización de las personas adultas mayores en la ciudad de Barranquilla. Objetivo: Determinar la percepción que se tiene sobre la institucionalización de las personas adultas mayores desde la perspectiva del sujeto y la familia vinculados a los hogares geriátricos/gerontológicos y grupos de la tercera edad en la ciudad. Método: La investigación se realizó desde un enfoque hermenéutico, aplicando entrevistas semiestructuradas a las personas adultas mayores y las familias. Resultado: En la ciudad existe una heterogeneidad en relación con las percepciones sobre la forma de vivir esta etapa del desarrollo humano y que se encuentra estrechamente relacionada con aspectos como la salud, la economía, la funcionalidad familiar y el cuidado subrogado como un fenómeno social vinculado a la migración de las familias. Conclusión: El tema plantea desafíos que hay que enfrentar en Colombia y el mundo ante el envejecimiento, especialmente en el contexto de la pobreza, disfuncionalidad familiar y desigualdad. Se definen las causas y consecuencias de la institucionalización de las personas adultas mayores, así como las alternativas de cuidado familiar y social, explorando las características culturales y demográficas que influyen en la situación de las personas adultas mayores en el país.

Abstract Introduction: The global demographic growth observed in the segment of older adults poses multiple challenges for the design of well-being and public health policies in the countries, which requires introducing improvements that positively impact the quality of life of the older adult, the family and the community. The present study, a result of descriptive research, collects the perceptions related to the dilemma between living life as a family or the institutionalization of the elderly in the city of Barranquilla. Objective: To determine the perception of the institutionalization of the elderly from the perspective of the subject and the family linked to geriatric/gerontological homes and groups of the elderly in the city. Method: The research was carried out from a hermeneutic approach, applying semi-structured interviews to older adults and families. Result: There is heterogeneity in the city in relation to perceptions about the way of living this stage of human development and that it is closely related to aspects such as health, economy, family functionality, and the surrogate care as a social phenomenon linked to family migration. Conclusion: The topic raises challenges to be faced in Colombia and the world when it comes to aging, especially in the context of poverty, family dysfunction and inequality. The causes and consequences of the institutionalization of the elderly are defined, as well as the alternatives of family and social care, exploring the cultural and demographic characteristics that influence the situation of the elderly in the country.

"It's someone who means a lot to me, and who means even more to mom": Children's views on the romantic partners of their polyamorous parents.

Polyamory is a relationship style that allows individuals to develop multiple romantic relationships simultaneously. Although studies show that many polyamorous people have children, very little is known about the experiences of children growing up in such a family context. Based on 18 semi-structured interviews with Canadian children living with polyamorous parents, we examined the level of emotional closeness they felt towards their parents' romantic partners, and what these adults meant to them. We found that these children generally appreciated their parents' partners. These adults were seen by our participants as someone who contributed positively to their lives. More specifically, the participating children -especially pre-teens and younger children- described their parents' romantic partners as adults: 1) to have fun with, 2) who contributed to their material well-being, 3) who took care of them, and 4) who, through their own children, contributed to expanding their circle of friends. Finally, some children - mainly teenagers and pre-teens- talked about these adults primarily as people who contributed positively to their parents' lives. Overall, this study makes an important contribution to the literature on family diversity.

Le polyamour est un mode relationnel qui permet aux personnes impliquées de développer plusieurs relations amoureuses simultanément. Quoique des études montrent que bon nombre de personnes polyamoureuses ont de enfants, on en sait très peu sur le vécu des enfants qui grandissent dans un tel contexte familial. À partir de 18 entrevues semi-dirigées menées auprès d'enfants de parents polyamoureux canadiens, nous examinons le niveau de proximité affective qu'ils ressentent à l'égard des partenaires amoureux de leurs parents et ce que ces adultes représentent pour eux. Nous constatons que les enfants interviewés apprécient généralement les partenaires de leurs parents. Ces derniers sont considérés par ces enfants comme des personnes ressources qui contribuent de façon positive à leur vie. Plus précisément, les participants ­particulièrement les préadolescent·e·s et les jeunes enfants ­ décrivent les partenaires amoureux de leurs parents comme des adultes: 1) avec qui avoir du plaisir, 2) qui contribuent matériellement à leur bien-être, 3) qui prennent soin d'eux, et 4) qui, grâce à leurs propres enfants, contribuent à élargir le cercle d'ami·e·s. Enfin, quelques enfants ­principalement les adolescent·e·s et préadolescent·e·s­ parlent de ces adultes avant tout comme des personnes qui contribuent de façon positive à la vie de leurs parents. Au final, cette étude contribue de façon significative à la littérature sur la diversité familiale.

Managing and Minimizing Online Survey Questionnaire Fraud: Lessons from the Triple C Project.

With the increasing sophistication of online survey tools and the necessity of distanced research during the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of online questionnaires for research purposes has proliferated. Still, many researchers undertake online survey research without knowledge of the prevalence and likelihood of experiencing survey questionnaire fraud nor familiarity with measures used to identify fraud once it has occurred. This research note is based on the experience of researchers across four sites who implemented an online survey of families' experiences with COVID-19 in the U.S. that was subject to substantial fraud. By the end of data collection, over 70% of responses were flagged as fraudulent with duplicate IP addresses and concurrent start/end times representing the most common indicators of fraud observed. We offer lessons learned to illustrate the sophisticated nature of fraud in online research and the importance of multi-pronged strategies to detect and limit online survey questionnaire fraud.

Psychosocial burden and quality of life of parents with children with univentricular hearts compared to ASD parents and parents of heart-healthy children.

BACKGROUND: Patients with univentricular hearts can only be palliated by a staged surgical procedure that carries a high morbidity and mortality risk. The aim of this study was to examine the emotional demands, psychosocial burden, and quality of life of parents with children with univentricular hearts compared to parents of children with a simple heart defect, those with no heart defect and children with chronic diseases. METHODS: An anonymous questionnaire was created to interview parents about their quality of life, stressors, needs, strategies for coping with illness, and partnership satisfaction. RESULTS: 73 families participated in the study. Parents of children with univentricular hearts experience a significantly higher psychosocial burden, limitations in daily life, and distress in family interactions, as well as greater emotional distress compared to the other study groups. When comparing the families of children with other chronic diseases (e.g. cystic fibrosis, chronic arthritis and diabetes), these differences remained significant. CONCLUSION: The study confirms a higher psychosocial burden, restrictions in daily life and a lower quality of life of parents with children with univentricular hearts, compared to parents of children with simple heart defects and parents of heart-healthy children or those with other chronic diseases. Since this condition persists until adolescence and adulthood, the families are exposed to special challenges and stresses throughout their lives. This has yet to be adequately addressed in the management of these families.

Black Clinicians' Perceptions of the Cultural Relevance of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy for Black Families.

Parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT) is a highly efficacious, evidence-based treatment for children with disruptive behaviors and their families. PCIT is a dyadic therapy designed to improve parent-child relationships and decrease children's behavioral problems. PCIT research specific to Black families is currently sparse. Given findings that Black families have a higher attrition rate and demonstrate fewer significant improvements in parental well-being outcomes, we sought to assess clinicians' perceived cultural alignment of PCIT with Black families. We conducted individual interviews via Zoom with 10 Black clinicians, trained in PCIT, who had experience treating Black families using PCIT. The research team generated the following themes using thematic analysis: cultural misalignment, manualization, barriers to treatment, generational patterns of discipline, racial considerations, and protocol changes. Findings indicate that Black clinicians have identified various points of cultural misalignment in providing PCIT with Black families, for which they have modified treatment or suggested changes to improve cultural sensitivity. Collating suggested clinician modifications to inform a cultural adaptation of PCIT for Black families may contribute to a reduction in the attrition rate and improvement in outcomes for Black families participating in PCIT.

Navigating and Resisting Educational Systems: The Experiences of Latinx Families in Rural Oregon.

This study explores the experiences of Latinx parents in rural Oregon from the perspectives of Latinx parents, Latinx students, and community practitioners to understand the barriers Latinx families encounter and how they leverage their community cultural wealth to address these barriers within the context of initiatives implemented by the district. This qualitative study is guided by the following questions: What barriers do Latinx families encounter in rural schools, and how do parents leverage their community cultural wealth to address these barriers? Findings indicate that even when families were engaged in initiatives (e.g., dual language immersion programs) implemented by the district to create a welcoming environment, Latinx parents continued to encounter multiple systemic barriers (e.g., immigration laws) and leveraged multiple forms of community cultural wealth (e.g., linguistic capital) to navigate these barriers. Our findings reveal the complex dynamics at play in rural school communities serving Latinx families.

Mental health vulnerability in multicultural families: Risk factors among homogenous country.

We investigate the mental health of multicultural families (CFs) in South Korea, identify risk factors, and propose interventions to improve mental health. Adults over 19 years of age were analyzed using the Community Health Survey 2019 in South Korea, consisting of 228,952 individuals including 3,524 from multi-CFs. We employed chi-squared tests and multiple logistic regression to compare mental health between multi- and mono-CFs, exploring the influence of various factors. Multi-CFs had significantly higher levels of stress recognition (P-value = 0.010) and experiences of extreme sadness or despair (P-value = 0.002) than mono-CFs. In multi-CFs, younger group, households with lower income and people with unhealthy behaviors regarding walking or sleeping were at risk of mental health. Socially isolated families, relative to the families participating in active social gatherings, had about a 1.36 times higher risk of stress, 2 times higher experiences of extreme sadness or despair and 5.32 times higher depressive symptoms. Multi-CFs are vulnerable to mental health problems, and even within multi-CFs, groups with relatively low socioeconomic status should be prioritized since problems are more significant among them. Activated social networks can help multi-CFs integrate into society and promote mental health.

The relationship between familial factors and youth mental health outcomes in Korean American families: The mediation effects of youth's negative emotionality.

Depressive symptoms are one of the mental health problems among Korean American (KA) youth. Although several studies examined mental distress among KA youth, few have examined the associations between different familial factors, negative emotionality, and depressive symptoms among them, especially using longitudinal data. Drawing on the Triadic Model of Family Process (TMFP), this study examined the longitudinal associations between Korean-specific aspects of familial factors and depressive symptoms among KA youth and the mediation role of negative emotionality in the relationships. Using KA youth and parent data from the Midwest Longitudinal Study of Asian American Families (MLSAAF) project, path analyses revealed that family enmeshment and youth-reported intergenerational conflict were associated with youth depressive symptoms, with negative emotionality serving as a mediator. The findings suggest that interventions aimed at reducing negative emotionality and improving parent-youth relationship quality and family boundaries could be helpful in reducing youth depressive symptoms.

Role of children's hospices in caring for children, young people and families.

Children's hospices are central to specialist palliative care provision for the increasing number of children and young people with life-limiting conditions and their families. These hospices provide holistic care through a range of services, including ongoing care from the point of diagnosis, at the end of life and into bereavement. This article outlines the services provided by children's hospices, while dispelling misconceptions that they exclusively provide care at the end of life. It also explains how these services have developed and evolved as a result of technological advances. It is useful for nurses to be aware of the role of children's hospices, so that they can support the effective care of children and young people with life-limiting conditions and their families.

An array of Zymoseptoria tritici effectors suppress plant immune responses.

Zymoseptoria tritici is the most economically significant fungal pathogen of wheat in Europe. However, despite the importance of this pathogen, the molecular interactions between pathogen and host during infection are not well understood. Herein, we describe the use of two libraries of cloned Z. tritici effectors that were screened to identify effector candidates with putative pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI)-suppressing activity. The effectors from each library were transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana, and expressing leaves were treated with bacterial or fungal PAMPs to assess the effectors' ability to suppress reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. From these screens, numerous effectors were identified with PTI-suppressing activity. In addition, some effectors were able to suppress cell death responses induced by other Z. tritici secreted proteins. We used structural prediction tools to predict the putative structures of all of the Z. tritici effectors and used these predictions to examine whether there was enrichment of specific structural signatures among the PTI-suppressing effectors. From among the libraries, multiple members of the killer protein-like 4 (KP4) and killer protein-like 6 (KP6) effector families were identified as PTI suppressors. This observation is intriguing, as these protein families were previously associated with antimicrobial activity rather than virulence or host manipulation. This data provides mechanistic insight into immune suppression by Z. tritici during infection and suggests that, similar to biotrophic pathogens, this fungus relies on a battery of secreted effectors to suppress host immunity during early phases of colonization.

Summer Camp Clinical Placements in Young Families Nursing: An Interpretive Description Study.

PURPOSE: Obtaining meaningful clinical experiences with paediatric and perinatal (young families) populations is increasingly challenging for nursing programs. Care for this population has largely moved to outpatient and tertiary settings. Therefore, a current trend is to use non-traditional clinical settings. While summer camps offer rich learning experiences for nursing students, they are seldom used as clinical placements. Faculty at an Atlantic Canadian university sought a novel way to engage students in young families' learning by partnering with overnight summer camps, staffed by counsellors, camp administrators, and on-site nurses. Campers included those with lived experience of cancer, diabetes, physical and developmental challenges, and socioeconomic challenges. This study assesses how young families course outcomes were met by an innovative clinical experience within a Bachelor of Nursing program and describes the perceptions and experiences of those involved. METHODS: Study participants included students (n = 4), camp directors (n = 3), a camp nurse (n = 1), and the clinical educator (n = 1). Data collection involved semi-structured interviews and a focus group. Interpretive description methodology was used to identify themes and patterns related to overarching research questions. FINDINGS: Students met the outcomes and overall participant perceptions and experiences were positive. However, some participants shared constructive critiques for future consideration. CONCLUSIONS: Nursing students who completed a young families clinical placement at summer camps met course outcomes, and those involved reported both positive experiences and constructive critiques for future consideration.

Early Childhood Routines and Adolescent Health & Well-Being: Associations From a US Urban Cohort of Children With Socioeconomic Disadvantage.

PURPOSE: To investigate longitudinal associations between the presence of early childhood routines- predictable and repeatable functional practices that promote healthy growth, development, and relationships - and adolescent health outcomes. DESIGN: Secondary data analysis. SETTING: 20 large U.S. cities. SUBJECTS: 2943 children with socioeconomic disadvantage from the Future of Families cohort. MEASURES: Routines at age 3 (shared family meals, bedtime routine, daily reading); outcomes later in the same children at age 15 (healthy routines, overall health, psychological well-being). ANALYSIS: Descriptive statistics, regression analyses. RESULTS: We detected longitudinal associations between early childhood routines and later adolescent routines (increased count of shared family meals by parent report [IRR 1.13, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.24, P = 0.007], bedtime routine and daily reading by adolescent report [aOR 1.34, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.67, P = 0.008; aOR 1.18, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.38, P = 0.04; respectively]). A bedtime routine in early childhood was associated with excellent health in adolescence (aOR 1.42, 95% CI: 1.12, 1.79, P = 0.004]. Adolescent routines were concurrently associated with overall health and psychological well-being. We also detected two longitudinal patterns of associations suggesting multiple mechanisms for how early childhood routines influence later health and well-being. CONCLUSION: Early childhood routines predict adolescent routines, and may contribute to long term adolescent health outcomes. Future studies may promote childhood routines during critical developmental stages as a strength-based strategy to promote long-term health and well-being.

Whole-Exome Sequencing Improves Understanding of Inherited Retinal Dystrophies in Korean Patients.

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) encompasses a diverse range of hereditary, degenerative retinal ailments, presenting notable obstacles to molecular genetic diagnoses due to the intricate array of variants in different genes involved. This study enrolled 21 probands and their families who have been diagnosed with nonsyndromic RP but without a previous molecular diagnosis. We employed whole-exome sequencing (WES) to detect possible harmful gene variations in individuals with unknown-cause RP at the molecular level. WES allowed the identification of ten potential disease-causing variants in eight different genes. In 8 out of the total 21 patients, this method successfully identified the underlying molecular causes, such as putative pathogenic variants in genes including CRB1, KLHL7, PDE6B, RDH12, RP1, RPE65, USH2A, and RHO. A novel variant was identified in one of these genes, specifically PDE6B, providing valuable information on prospective targets for future enhanced gene therapeutic approaches.

String Invention, Viable 3-3-1 Model, Dark Matter Black Holes.

With our very limited memories, we provide a brief review of Paul Frampton's memories of the discovery of the Veneziano model, with this indeed being string theory, with Y. Nambu, and, secondly, his 3-3-1 theory. The latter is, indeed, a non-excluded replacement for the Standard Model with triangle anomalies being cancelled, as they must in a truly viable theory. It even needs (essentially) three as the family number! Moreover, primordial black holes as dark matter is mentioned. We end with a review of my own very speculative, utterly recent idea that for the purpose of the classical approximation, we could, using the functional integral as our rudimentary assumption taken over from quantum mechanics, obtain the equations of motion without the, in our opinion, very mysterious imaginary unit i, which usually occurs as a factor in the exponent of the functional integrand, which is this i times the action. The functional integral without the mysterious i leads to the prediction of some of the strongest features in cosmology, and also seems to argue for as few black holes as possible and for the cosmological constant being zero.

Research on time-division multiplexing for error correction and privacy amplification in post-processing of quantum key distribution.

The post-processing of quantum key distribution mainly includes error correction and privacy amplification. The error correction algorithms and privacy amplification methods used in the existing quantum key distribution are completely unrelated. Based on the principle of correspondence between error-correcting codes and hash function families, we proposed the idea of time-division multiplexing for error correction and privacy amplification for the first time. That is to say, through the common error correction algorithms and their corresponding hash function families or the common hash function families and their corresponding error-correcting codes, error correction and privacy amplification can be realized by time-division multiplexing with the same set of devices. In addition, we tested the idea from the perspective of error correction and privacy amplification, respectively. The analysis results show that the existing error correction algorithms and their corresponding hash function families or the common privacy amplification methods and their corresponding error-correcting codes cannot realize time-division multiplexing for error correction and privacy amplification temporarily. However, according to the principle of correspondence between error-correcting codes and hash function families, the idea of time-division multiplexing is possible. Moreover, the research on time-division multiplexing for error correction and privacy amplification has some practical significance. Once the idea of time-division multiplexing is realized, it will further reduce the calculation and storage cost of the post-processing process, reduce the deployment cost of quantum key distribution, and help to remote the practical engineering of quantum key distribution.

[On the effectiveness of a new advisory service for parents of children in need of care: a controlled study]. / Zur Wirksamkeit eines neuen Beratungsangebots für Eltern pflegebedürftiger Kinder.

On the effectiveness of a new advisory service for parents of children in need of care: a controlled study Abstract: Background: Families with children in need of care are exposed to great stress. This results in risks that often lead to a poor living and care situation for families. To support them, an innovative regionally anchored support service is being developed by so-called Family Health Partners (FGP) as part of the NEST research project. Aim/Objective: The primary endpoint of the study is the quality of life of the families. Secondary outcomes are resilience factors and associated measures as well as access to care services. Methods: The effectiveness of the FGP will be tested in a controlled study with four measurement times (baseline, after 6, 12 and 18 months) between January 2022 and April 2024. A total of 204 families with children in need of care were recruited for an intervention and control group. Multilevel models are used to analyze the longitudinal data. Results: Between T0 and T1 there are statistically significant improvements in the intervention group, especially in daily and social stress in the family, in mental health and resilience. In addition, knowledge about general benefit rights as well as specific support and relief offers for caring parents has increased. Conclusions: The results of the first two measurement times indicate that a positive change in quality of life, resilience and health literacy can be achieved through the FGP.

Embedding a Parenting Skills Program in Public PreK: Outcomes of a Quasi-experimental Mixed Methods Study.

This sequential mixed methods study evaluated the impact of the Chicago Parent Program (CPP) in 12 Baltimore Title I PreK programs on parent engagement and student outcomes from kindergarten through 2nd grade. Phase 1 (quasi-experiment; N = 11,996) compared PreK students whose parents enrolled in CPP with those whose parents did not enroll in CPP on measures of kindergarten readiness, chronic absenteeism, suspensions/expulsions, and grade retention. Phase 2 (qualitative; n = 20) explored the perceptions of school-based staff, principals, and district and community leaders on CPP's impact on parents, students, and parent engagement, and why they sought to continue CPP in the schools. Research Findings: No effects on student outcomes were found using administrative data. However, all of those interviewed described observed improvements in parent and student behavior and parent engagement and all schools have continued implementing CPP. Practice or Policy: Qualitative results highlight the importance of stakeholder perspectives and the limitations of administrative data for evaluating brief interventions serving families with complex needs.

Does Adulthood Socioeconomic Status Predict Subsequent Telomere Length in Racially and Ethnically Diverse Women?

Background: Telomere length is a critical biomarker of cellular aging and overall health. While childhood socioeconomic status (SES) indicators such as education and poverty can have long-lasting effects on biological aging, research has shown contradictory results regarding the impact of adulthood SES on future telomere length, particularly in racially and ethnically diverse individuals. This study investigates the effects of baseline adulthood SES indicators such as education and poverty on telomere length nine years later in women, using data from the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS). Methods: We analyzed data from the FFCWS, a longitudinal cohort study. The sample included baseline adulthood SES and follow-up telomere length measure of women (n = 2,421) with varying socioeconomic conditions. Telomere length was measured from saliva samples nine years after the baseline measure of adulthood SES. Education, poverty, and marital status at baseline were assessed. Multivariate linear regression models were used to examine the association between adulthood SES indicators at baseline and future telomere length, controlling for potential confounders. Results: From the total 2,421 women, 675 were Latino White, 1,158 were non-Latino Black, and 588 were non-Latino White. Our findings indicate that for non-Latino White women poverty at certain level, and childbirth weight, and for non-Latino Black maternal age were predictors of telomere lengths nine years later. Conclusion: Poverty at a specific level, maternal age and childbirth weight serve as predictors of telomere lengths nine years later in some women. These findings underscore the importance of socioeconomic factors and early-life influences in understanding telomere dynamics and aging processes among women from varied racial and ethnic backgrounds.

A phenomenological investigation of kinship involvement in the lives of children whose parents have mental illness.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Mental health services rarely reach children whose parents have mental illness despite their poor outcomes. There is a need to consider how mental health practitioners can prioritize the needs of these children and their families. This study examined kinship involvement in the lives of children whose parents have mental illness. METHODS: A phenomenological design was used, interviewing 20 children (aged 10-17 years) in families with parental mental illness (PMI) in Ghana. The interview data was analysed to attain the essential features of what kinship support looks like for children and their families. RESULTS: The essential feature of kinship support for children and families with PMI is characterized by uncertainty. However, there is an overall impression that kinship is generally supportive to these families, providing respite services, assistance with daily living, emotional support and advice to children and families. Yet, there is a sense that kinship may not always be helpful to these families. CONCLUSIONS: Kinship support is integral in countries where formal mental health services are inadequate and should be explored/harnessed by mental health practitioners. The study provides directions into ways practitioners can utilize kinship as a resource when working with these families.

"This is not why we brought our children here!": Tensions and challenges in responding to Adverse Childhood Experiences in African-background refugee families.

BACKGROUND: Refugee-background children face increased risks of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs). However, their access to support services continues to pose significant challenges. A need exists to understand how families and child welfare services respond to ACEs to inform the design of culturally responsive interventions. PURPOSE: Based on a broader qualitative study with parents and practitioners, this article shares the findings on the tensions and challenges of addressing ACEs in African-background refugee families in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. METHODOLOGY: The research employed a qualitative micro-ethnographic approach. The first author interviewed 12 parents and 12 clinical practitioners and conducted two focus group discussions with African community leaders: the first with six and the second with five participants. Transcripts were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. RESULTS: Three central themes reflected the tensions and challenges associated with responding to ACEs: reliance on informal support, the "messy" child protection services, and gaps in the child protection system. Parents responded to ACEs through various cultural and spiritual practices and by allocating most family resources to the needs of the children directly affected by ACEs. This came at the expense of resources available for the victim's siblings, who were also experiencing ACEs directly or vicariously. Professional responses were reactive, and the experiences taking place before resettlement were overlooked. Interactions between parents and child welfare services were particularly adversarial in the case of child removal from the family. CONCLUSION: Refugee-background families face unique challenges in accessing services, but they also have capacities that can be harnessed in collaborative interventions addressing ACEs. Culturally responsive and trauma-informed support models may assist in improving interventions addressing ACEs.