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1.
Curr Dev Nutr ; 8(10): 104454, 2024 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39429508

RESUMEN

Background: Accumulating evidence has highlighted the acute and chronic impact of repetitive subconcussive head impacts (rSHIs) in contact sports. Neurofilament-light (Nf-L), a brain-derived biomarker of neuroaxonal injury, elevates in concert with rSHI. Recently, long-chain ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC ω-3 PUFAs) supplementation has been suggested to mitigate brain injury from rSHI as reflected by attenuation of Nf-L concentrations within contact sport athletes. Objective: Using a systematic review with a meta-analysis, we aimed to determine the effect of LC ω-3 PUFA supplementation on Nf-L concentrations in athletes routinely exposed to rSHI. Methods: Electronic databases (PubMed and CINAHL) were searched from inception through January 2024. One-stage meta-analysis of individual participant-level data was used to detect changes in Nf-L concentrations between LC ω-3 PUFA and control/placebo (PL) groups from baseline to midseason (MS) and postseason (PS). Least square means (±SE) for Nf-L change from baseline were compared by treatment group for MS/PS using contrast t tests. Significance was set a priori at adjusted P ≤ 0.05. Results: Of 460 records identified, 3 studies in collegiate American football players (n = 179; LC ω-3 PUFA = 105, PL = 71) were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with PL, the change in Nf-L concentrations was statistically similar at MS [mean difference (MD) = -1.66 ± 0.82 pg·mL-1, adjusted P = 0.09] and significantly lower at PS (MD = -2.23 ± 0.83 pg·mL-1, adjusted P = 0.02) in athletes following LC ω-3 PUFA supplementation. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate preliminary support for the prophylactic administration of LC ω-3 PUFA in contact sport athletes exposed to rSHI; however, further research is required to determine the effective dosage required.This trial was registered at OSF (DOI: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/EY5QW).

2.
Nutrients ; 16(20)2024 Oct 14.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39458481

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: College athletes are often overlooked for metabolic syndrome (MetS), as their increased physical activity is assumed to reduce their disease risk. However, energy or macronutrient imbalance has been shown to increase risk independent of activity. The purpose of this investigation was to assess the current dietary habits of Division III female athletes and determine their associations with body composition and MetS. Secondly, we sought to determine whether dietary intake and dietary protein source (i.e., animal- and plant-based, ABP and PBP) and quality were associated with MetS, as estimated by the Simple Method for Quantifying Metabolic Syndrome (siMS) score and the siMS risk score, and whether protein pacing was associated with body composition in Division III female athletes. METHODS: Stepwise linear regression determined whether age (years), body mass (kg), body mass index (BMI; kg/m2), ABP (g/d), PBP (g/d), ABP:PBP, ratio of high-quality to low-quality ABP (ABP QR), relative energy intake (kcal/kg/d), and relative protein, carbohydrate, and fat intake (g/kg/d) were predictors of siMS score and siMS risk score. RESULTS: Twenty-five athletes (19.6 ± 1.3 years; 65.9 ± 7.0 kg; 23.5 ± 2.0 kg/m2; ABP 71.7 ± 28.2 g/d; PBP 30.0 ± 12.2 g/d) were included in the analyses. An inverse relationship was observed between PBP and the siMS score (F1, 22 = 5.498, p = 0.028) and siMS risk score (F1, 22 = 7.614, p = 0.011). The models explained 20% and 26% of the variance in siMS score and siMS risk score, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: PBP was associated with lower MetS risk in Division III female athletes, while ABP, regardless of quality, was unrelated. These associations were independent of physical activity in this cohort of Division III female athletes.


Asunto(s)
Atletas , Síndrome Metabólico , Humanos , Femenino , Adulto Joven , Atletas/estadística & datos numéricos , Proyectos Piloto , Composición Corporal , Adolescente , Proteínas de Vegetales Comestibles/administración & dosificación , Índice de Masa Corporal , Conducta Alimentaria , Factores de Riesgo , Ingestión de Energía , Adulto
3.
BMC Nutr ; 10(1): 135, 2024 Oct 10.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39390532

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: While several validated sports nutrition knowledge questionnaires exist, none are specifically designed to assess the sports nutrition knowledge (SNK) of Sri Lankan track and field athletes. This study aims to validate the Sri Lankan Sports Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire (SLn-SNKQ), tailored for this athlete group, to provide more accurate and meaningful insights for research and practice. This will enable health professionals and coaches to confidently assess athletes' nutrition knowledge, which directly influences their food choices. METHODS: The validity of the questionnaire was established through a multi-step approach. Content validity was achieved via ratings from nutrition experts, all of whom had specialized training in human nutrition and experience of working with athletes. Face validity was evaluated through in-depth telephone interviews with elite or highly trained athletes, using a retrospective think-out-loud protocol to gather feedback on the clarity and relevance of the questions. Construct validity involved nutrition-trained doctors (NTG), non-nutrition-trained professionals (NNTG), and elite-level athletes' groups (AG). Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's alpha, and test-retest reliability was evaluated. RESULTS: The final tool comprised 123 individual statements or prompts (items) that were organized into 32 broader questions, spanning 12 sub-sections. Content validity was confirmed by fully integrating 49 out of 70 comments and partially integrating four comments received from nutrition experts for each sub-section. Face validity was established by fully integrating 33 out of 40 comments received from 16 elite and highly trained athletes. Construct validity was confirmed, indicating significant differences in the total scores achieved as a percentage of the SLn-SNKQ among the NTG (462.5, 92.5%), NNTG (223.5, 44.7%), and AG (235, 47.0%; p < 0.001). Reproducibility was established by strong test-retest reliability between individuals' scores on two test attempts, three weeks apart (spearman's correlation; ρ = 0.99, p < 0.05). Internal reliability for each sub-section met psychometric reliability requirements (Cronbach's α > 0.7). CONCLUSIONS: The SLn-SNKQ has been validated and demonstrates robust psychometric properties, offering a reliable tool for assessing SNK among Sri Lankan track and field athletes.

4.
Eur J Appl Physiol ; 2024 Oct 22.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39438312

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Whether acute caffeine supplementation can offset the negative effects of one-night of partial sleep deprivation (PSD) on endurance exercise performance is currently unknown. METHODS: Ten healthy recreational male runners (age: 27 ± 6 years; V ˙ O 2 max : 61 ± 9 mL/kg/min) completed 4 trials in a balanced Latin square design, which were PSD + caffeine (PSD-Caf), PSD + placebo (PSD-Pla), normal sleep (NS) + caffeine (NS-Caf) and NS + placebo (NS-Pla). 3 and 8 h sleep windows were scheduled in PSD and NS, respectively. 10-km treadmill time trial (TT) performance was assessed 45 min after caffeine (6 mg/kg/body mass)/placebo supplementation in the morning following PSD/NS. Blood glucose, lactate, free fatty acid and glycerol were measured at pre-supplementation, pre-exercise and after exercise. RESULTS: PSD resulted in compromised TT performance compared to NS in the placebo conditions by 5% (51.9 ± 7.7 vs. 49.4 ± 6.9 min, p = 0.001). Caffeine improved TT performance compared to placebo following both PSD by 7.7% (PSD-Caf: 47.9 ± 7.3 min vs. PSD-Pla: 51.9 ± 7.7 min, p = 0.007) and NS by 2.8% (NS-Caf: 48.0 ± 6.4 min vs. NS-Pla: 49.4 ± 6.9 min, p = 0.049). TT performance following PSD-Caf was not different from either NS-Pla or NS-Caf (p = 0.185 and p = 0.891, respectively). Blood glucose, lactate, and glycerol concentrations at post-exercise, as well as heart rate and the speed/RPE ratio during TT, were higher in caffeine trials compared to placebo. CONCLUSIONS: Caffeine supplementation offsets the negative effects of one-night PSD on 10-km running performance.

5.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39358106

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND AND AIM: The Mediterranean diet is a plant-based dietary pattern with well-established health benefits such as the reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. Additionally, incorporating more plant-based foods into a Mediterranean diet may provide further health benefits. The study aimed to assess the effect of shifting from a traditional Mediterranean diet to a vegan Mediterranean diet on cardiorespiratory fitness and lipid profile in physically active and healthy men. METHODS AND RESULTS: Participants underwent a baseline period with adhesion to the general patterns of the Mediterranean diet for three weeks and then they changed to an isocaloric vegan version of the Mediterranean diet for four weeks, with a 7-day washout period between diets. The shift from the traditional Mediterranean diet to the vegan Mediterranean diet required substituting animal-based foods with plant-based foods that contain comparable amounts of protein and fat. Fourteen participants with a mean age of 24.6 ± 7.0 years (range: 18-37 years), completed the study protocol. The change from the traditional to the vegan Mediterranean diet reduced blood concentration of total cholesterol (-22.6 mg/dl, p < 0.01, Effect size [ES] = 1.07) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (-12.8 mg/dl, p < 0.01, ES = 0.72). An inverse correlation was observed between the intake of dietary fibre and LDL-C (partial rho = -0.43, p = 0.040). CONCLUSIONS: The adoption of a vegan Mediterranean diet with plant-based proteins and fats instead of the traditional Mediterranean diet improved several cardiometabolic health outcomes in physically active and healthy men. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY: NCT06008886.

6.
Free Radic Biol Med ; 2024 Oct 10.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39395564

RESUMEN

Every four years the world's best athletes come together to compete in the Olympic games, electrifying audiences with incredible feats of speed, strength, endurance and skill as personal best performances and new records are set. However, the exceptional talent that underpin such performances is incomprehensible to most casual observers who often cannot appreciate how unique these athletes are. In this regard, endurance running, specifically the marathon, a 42.195 km foot race, provides one of the few occasions in sport outside of Olympic, world and national competitions, that permits sport scientists and fans alike to directly compare differences in the physiology between recreational and elite competitors. While these individuals may all cover the same distance, on the same course, on the same day - their experience and the physiological and psychological demands placed upon them are vastly different. There is, in effect, a "race within a race". In the current review we highlight the superior physiology of the elite endurance athlete, emphasizing the gap between elite competitors and well-trained, but less genetically endowed athletes. We draw attention to a range of inconsistencies in how current sports science practices are understood, implemented, and communicated in terms of the elite and not-so-elite endurance athlete.

7.
Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab ; : 1-12, 2024 Sep 27.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39332815

RESUMEN

There is little evidence that body size alters exogenous glucose oxidation rates during exercise. This study assessed whether larger people oxidize more exogenous glucose during exercise than smaller people. Fifteen cyclists were allocated into two groups based on body mass (SMALL, <70 kg body mass, n = 9, two females) or (LARGE, >70 kg body mass, n = 6) matched for lactate threshold (SMALL: 2.3 ± 0.4 W/kg, LARGE: 2.3 ± 0.3 W/kg). SMALL completed 120 min of cycling at 95% of lactate threshold1. LARGE completed two trials in a random order, one at 95% of lactate threshold1 (thereby exercising at the same relative intensity [RELATIVE]) and one at an absolute intensity matched to SMALL (ABSOLUTE). In all trials, cyclists ingested 90 g/hr of 13C-enriched glucose. Total exogenous glucose oxidation was (mean ± SD) 33 ± 8 g/hr in SMALL versus 45 ± 13 g/hr in LARGE-RELATIVE (mean difference: 13 g/hr, 95% confidence interval [2, 24] g/hr, p = .03). Large positive correlations were observed for measures of exogenous carbohydrate oxidation versus body size (body mass, height, and body surface area; e.g., body surface area vs. peak exogenous glucose oxidation, r = .85, 95% confidence interval [.51, .95], p < .01). When larger athletes reduced the intensity from RELATIVE to ABSOLUTE, total exogenous glucose oxidation was 39 ± 7 g/hr (p = .43 vs. LARGE-RELATIVE). In conclusion, the capacity for exogenous glucose oxidation is, on average, higher in larger athletes than smaller athletes during exercise. The extent to which this is due to higher absolute exercise intensity requires further research, but body size may be a consideration in tailoring sports nutrition guidelines for carbohydrate intake during exercise.

8.
Front Nutr ; 11: 1449054, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39229588

RESUMEN

This study aims to explore climate consciousness in relation to food consumption in young adults, examining its relationship with physical activity level and gender. A mixed-method approach is utilized, integrating seven-day food records and semi-structured interviews, employing social practice theory in our analytical framework. Our cohort of 47 participants (25 women, 22 men) displays varied diets, from omnivores to vegans. Moderately-active women show the lowest carbon footprint, favoring climate-conscious choices related to lower energy needs and plant-based preferences. Highly-active individuals consume more energy, resulting in a higher carbon footprint. Gender differences are evident, women were inclined to climate-conscious food practices motivated by animal ethics and health concerns. Conversely, men demonstrated a tendency for meat consumption. Participants share an understanding of carbon footprint, reflecting a solid awareness of food-related climate impact but differ in priorities; performance for highly-active, and economy for moderately-active. This highlights a mix of commonalities and distinctions, informing flexible, sustainable food practices. Higher activity levels are linked to greater energy needs and a higher carbon footprint. Moderately-active women show the most climate-conscious food choices, leading to the lowest carbon footprint. Our findings indicate that highly-active individuals and men have significant potential to improve climate-adapted food consumption.

9.
Nutrients ; 16(17)2024 Sep 05.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39275323

RESUMEN

It is well known that during prolonged, high-intensity physical training, athletes experience a state of immunosuppression and that balanced nutrition can help maintain immunity. This review summarizes the effects (amplified by virus infection) of high-intensity, long-term exercise on immunity, critically presenting key micronutrients and supplementation strategies that can influence athletes' performance and their immune system. The main conclusion is that micronutrient supplementation with diet could help to protect the immune system from the stress effects induced by intense physical activities. The importance of personalized supplementation has been also recommended.


Asunto(s)
Suplementos Dietéticos , Sistema Inmunológico , Micronutrientes , Humanos , Micronutrientes/administración & dosificación , Sistema Inmunológico/efectos de los fármacos , Ejercicio Físico/fisiología , Atletas , Rendimiento Atlético/fisiología , Entrenamiento de Intervalos de Alta Intensidad/métodos
11.
J Sep Sci ; 47(17): e2400340, 2024 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39215580

RESUMEN

In this work, an easy, safe, simple, and efficient pH-switchable deep eutectic solvents (DESs)-based liquid phase microextraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector analysis was developed for the determination of 1,3-dimethylamylamine (DMAA). The switchability of the obtained DESs was investigated by changing the pH. Then the best-selected DES was characterized and the application of the selected DES in the extraction of DMAA from sports nutrition and bodybuilding supplements was investigated. The DES synthesized from l-menthol: oleic acid in a molar ratio of 1:2 had the highest efficiency in the extraction of the target compound. Under the optimum conditions, (50 µL of DES, 100 µL of 4 mol/L KOH, 100 µL of 4 mol/L HCl, extraction time of 40 s and without salt addition) the calibration graph was linear in the range of 0.05-100 µg/kg and limit of detection was 0.02 µg/kg. The relative standard deviations including intra-day and inter-day for 10.0 µg/kg of DMAA in real samples were 2.7% (n = 7) and 5.3% (n = 7), respectively. The enrichment factor and percentage extraction recovery of the method were 283 and 85%, respectively. The relative recoveries for DMAA in different samples were in the range of 90%-109%.


Asunto(s)
Disolventes Eutécticos Profundos , Suplementos Dietéticos , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Suplementos Dietéticos/análisis , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Disolventes Eutécticos Profundos/química , Aminas/análisis , Aminas/química , Microextracción en Fase Líquida
12.
J Chromatogr A ; 1733: 465291, 2024 Sep 27.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39178657

RESUMEN

Calcium ß­hydroxy-ß-methylbutyrate (CaHMB) can promote muscle growth, prevent muscle atrophy, and enhance immunity, therefore, it is widely used as a nutritional supplement in special medical formula food and sports nutrition food. Many methods for the detection of CaHMB have been reported, but the pretreatment method for these reported literatures directly involves extraction using hydrochloric acid solution, without any purification steps. A method for accurately determining CaHMB in special medical formula food and sports nutrition food was established for the first time using solid-phase extraction (SPE) purification and high-performance liquid chromatography method (HPLC). The samples were extracted and precipitated protein using methanol-water solution, purified using SPE method and analyzed by HPLC on diode array detector (DAD) mode under external standard method. The method obtained excellent calibration linearity (r2>0.9993) and a satisfactory analysis of the targeted compound, which were evaluated with calibration standards over the range of 0.020-2.00 mg/mL. The limit of quantifications (LOQs), which defined as the lowest spiking level, were set at 0.4 g/100 g (special medical formula food) and 1.0 g/100 g (sports nutrition food). The average recoveries were within 92.9-104% for the analytes, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were below 3.93%, measured at low, medium, and high concentrations. Moreover, the positive sample analysis results indicated that CaHMB was detected on 10 real special medical formula food and sports nutrition food products, the contents of which were generally consistent with their labeled values, with measured values ranging from 97.1 % to 119 % of the labeled values. These results suggested that the developed highly sensitive and specific method is highly feasible for monitoring of the target analyte in special medical formula food and sports nutrition food.


Asunto(s)
Extracción en Fase Sólida , Valeratos , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Extracción en Fase Sólida/métodos , Valeratos/análisis , Límite de Detección , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Suplementos Dietéticos/análisis , Alimentos Formulados/análisis
13.
Nutrition ; 127: 112528, 2024 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39154549

RESUMEN

To acutely enhance muscle size and definition, carbohydrate (CHO)-loading protocols are commonly implemented by bodybuilders in the week before competition. This study sought to evaluate the effects of a bodybuilding CHO-loading protocol on anthropometry. Four dieting males engaging in resistance training (RT) with very low body fat participated in this randomized crossover trial. Each experimental period consisted of data collection on days one, four, and five corresponding to baseline, postdepletion, and postloading phases, respectively. During depletion, a standardized RT regimen and diet was followed. This diet was maintained on day 4 with the addition of placebo (PLA) or CHO drinks which contained 9 g/kg BM CHO for postloading data collection on day 5. Body mass (BM), skinfold thickness (SF), and ultrasound muscle thickness (MT) were obtained with descriptive data at both group and individual level calculated. From baseline, BM, SF, and MT mostly decreased in both conditions following depletion. All outcomes then increased from postdepletion following CHO-loading (BM: +0.8%, SF: +1.1%, MT: +2.9%) but not with PLA. Comparing to baseline, postloading changes were greater with CHO (BM: +0.3%, SF: -2.3%, MT: +2.1%) than PLA (BM: -0.9%, SF: -0.5%, MT: -0.8%). Individual differences in response to each phase were also observed. Group level changes seemingly favor CHO-loading; however, it is difficult to judge whether these changes are practically meaningful as they may not be large enough to exceed measurement error and daily biological fluctuations. Before implementation, coaches and competitors should consider individualizing protocols through precompetition testing and visually assessing changes in physique.


Asunto(s)
Antropometría , Estudios Cruzados , Carbohidratos de la Dieta , Entrenamiento de Fuerza , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Entrenamiento de Fuerza/métodos , Antropometría/métodos , Adulto Joven , Carbohidratos de la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Músculo Esquelético , Grosor de los Pliegues Cutáneos , Composición Corporal , Dieta de Carga de Carbohidratos/métodos , Levantamiento de Peso/fisiología
14.
Eur J Sport Sci ; 24(10): 1395-1404, 2024 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39196674

RESUMEN

Endurance athletes fail to meet carbohydrate (CHO) guidelines for competition, which may be due to limited knowledge. However, the relationship between knowledge and practice in this population is unknown. To investigate this, we assessed the dietary intake in 50 athletes (37 females) who completed endurance events ≥2.5 h in duration and compared CHO intake against the carbohydrates for endurance athletes in competition questionnaire validated nutrition knowledge questionnaire, with specific questions related to CHO loading, pre-competition meal and during-competition intake. CHO-loading guidelines (10-12 g · kg-1 · day-1) were met in practice by n = 5 (10%), but there was no relationship between identified requirements (range 0-12 g · kg-1 · day-1) and actual intake (rs = 0.133, p = 0.358), with the n = 18 (36%) who correctly identified requirements, ingesting 6.1 ± 1.9 g · kg-1 · day-1. CHO intake for pre-competition meal guidelines (1-4 g · kg-1) was met in practice by n = 40 (80%), but there was no relationship between identified requirements (range 0 to >4 g · kg-1) and actual intake (rs = 0.101, p = 0.487), with n = 19 (38%) who correctly identified guidelines requirements, ingesting 1.4 ± 0.6 g · kg-1. CHO intake during-competition guidelines (60-90 g · h-1) was met in practice by n = 18 (36%), but there was no relationship between the amounts of CHO required (range 30 to >90 g/h) and actual intake (rs = 0.028, p = 0.849), with n = 32 (64%) who correctly identified guidelines requirements, ingesting 56 ± 20 g · h-1. Results show no relationship between the knowledge of CHO recommendations and practice, suggesting that theoretical knowledge does not guarantee the achievement of best practice and other important factors may ultimately determine practice.


Asunto(s)
Atletas , Carbohidratos de la Dieta , Resistencia Física , Humanos , Carbohidratos de la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Femenino , Masculino , Resistencia Física/fisiología , Adulto , Adulto Joven , Fenómenos Fisiológicos en la Nutrición Deportiva , Necesidades Nutricionales , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Encuestas y Cuestionarios
15.
Phys Act Nutr ; 28(2): 20-22, 2024 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39097994

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: The Japan Sports Nutrition Association (JSNA) is an academic society that aims to contribute to people's health and the development of sports in Japan. METHODS: After numerous communication and academic events, the JSNA and the Korean Society for Exercise Nutrition (KSEN) exchanged a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) in 2018. RESULTS: Based on the MoU, the JSNA and KSEN organized academic exchange events until the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic and subsequent travel restrictions and lockdowns. CONCLUSION: After four years of the pandemic and the downgrading of Coronavirus Disease 2019 infection risk, it is hoped that academic exchanges between the societies will resume gradually and enhance members' recognition of the cooperation between the JSNA and KSEN for active collaborations in the future.

16.
Nutrients ; 16(15)2024 Jul 31.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39125366

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Sports supplements (SSs) are widely used among team sport athletes; however, evidence supporting the use of SSs among football referees at the elite level is scarce. The aim of the present study was to analyze the consumption of SSs among referees with respect to their level of competition and referee type (main referees (MRs) vs. assistant referees (ARs)). METHODS: A total of 106 football referees participated in this study, with 46.2% from the First Spanish Division and 53.8% from the Second Spanish Division, representing 84.13% of the total number of referees. Each participant completed a validated questionnaire about SS consumption, with the SSs classified according to the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS) ABCD system: Group A has strong evidence for enhancing athlete health and performance, Group B shows potential benefits but needs more evidence, Group C has inconclusive evidence against use, and Group D includes prohibited substances. RESULTS: A total of 84.0% of the MRs and ARs reported the consumption of at least one SS. Differences were found only in the consumption of medical supplements between division (p = 0.016) and type of referee (p = 0.041), though no significant differences were found among the remaining AIS SS categories (p > 0.05). Sport performance (49.6%), Internet (41.0%), and dietitian-nutritionists (31.7%) were the primary reason for SS consumption, purchase location, and source of information, respectively. The most frequently consumed SS were whey protein (45.3%), followed by creatine (33.0%), sport bars and sports drinks (28.3%), and caffeine (19.8%). CONCLUSIONS: MRs and ARs reported a high prevalence of dietary supplement (SS) consumption, with significant differences between division and referee type observed only in medical supplement consumption.


Asunto(s)
Suplementos Dietéticos , Humanos , Suplementos Dietéticos/estadística & datos numéricos , España , Adulto , Masculino , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Atletas/estadística & datos numéricos , Fútbol , Rendimiento Atlético/estadística & datos numéricos , Fenómenos Fisiológicos en la Nutrición Deportiva , Adulto Joven
17.
Nutrients ; 16(16)2024 Aug 06.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39203727

RESUMEN

Mountain running, distinct from traditional road running, involves natural trails with significant elevation changes. This study aims to analyze dietary and supplementation practices among advanced and elite Polish mountain runners. Conducted from May to October 2023, this study included 36 participants (13 women, 23 men) aged 21-43 years. A custom questionnaire assessed nutrition two days before and during a competition, focusing on macronutrient intake, hydration, and supplementation. Statistical analyses were performed to compare advanced and elite athletes. Participants consumed an average of 3164.14 kcal two days before and 3176.97 kcal the day before the competition. Carbohydrate intake averaged 7.69 g/kg two days before and 7.64 g/kg the day before the race, potentially insufficient for optimal glycogen stores. Protein intake was adequate, averaging 1.63 g/kg two days before and 1.73 g/kg the day before the race. Fluid intake averaged 2811.25 mL two days before and 2891.80 mL the day before the race. During races, carbohydrate intake averaged 58.56 g/h, with variations based on race duration. Most participants used isotonic drinks and water for hydration. Mountain runners generally adhere to proper nutrition guidelines, with adequate protein and fluid intake. However, their carbohydrate intake may be insufficient for longer races. Higher carbohydrate intake during exercise could provide additional benefits.


Asunto(s)
Carbohidratos de la Dieta , Proteínas en la Dieta , Carrera , Humanos , Femenino , Adulto , Masculino , Carrera/fisiología , Adulto Joven , Carbohidratos de la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Proteínas en la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Atletas/estadística & datos numéricos , Polonia , Suplementos Dietéticos , Fenómenos Fisiológicos en la Nutrición Deportiva , Ingestión de Energía , Estado Nutricional , Dieta/estadística & datos numéricos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Conducta Competitiva/fisiología
18.
Nutrients ; 16(16)2024 Aug 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39203847

RESUMEN

It is unclear if following a vegetarian diet affects muscle recovery after exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). Sixteen vegetarians (VEG) and sixteen mixed dieters (MIX) performed a vertical jump, quadriceps femoris maximal isometric, and isokinetic concentric strength tests prior to and five days following the EIMD protocol. The quadriceps muscle was injured by performing eccentric contractions. Diet: MIX consumed more g/kg of animal protein (p < 0.001) and EAA (p < 0.05) except for isoleucine. VEG consumed more plant protein (p = 0.001). Isometric strength: MIX recovered post-day 2, VEG recovered post-day 4 (group (p = 0.07), time (p < 0.001)). Concentric contractions at 60 degrees per second: Both recovered post-day 1 (group (p = 0.27), time (p = 0.05)); 180 degrees per second: MIX recovered post-day 2, VEG recovered post-day 5 (group (p = 0.10), time (p < 0.001)); and 240 degrees per second: MIX recovered post-day 1, VEG did not recover by post-day 5 (group (p = 0.01), time (p < 0.001)). Vertical jump: Both recovered post-day 3 (group (p = 0.45), time (p < 0.001)). MIX recovered isometric strength 2 days faster, concentric strength was up to 5 days faster, and soreness was 1-4 days faster when compared to VEG. Both groups had similar recovery time for power.


Asunto(s)
Dieta Vegetariana , Ejercicio Físico , Fuerza Muscular , Músculo Cuádriceps , Humanos , Masculino , Ejercicio Físico/fisiología , Adulto Joven , Adulto , Músculo Cuádriceps/fisiopatología , Músculo Esquelético/fisiopatología , Recuperación de la Función , Contracción Isométrica , Dieta , Femenino
19.
Nutrients ; 16(16)2024 Aug 20.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39203909

RESUMEN

Nutrition affects both body composition and, consequently, athletic performance. Only a few studies have assessed the nutritional behavior and knowledge of elite players. The present study aimed to assess the dietary intake, body composition, and nutritional knowledge of elite handball players. Thirty-nine handball players (age: 23.2 ± 2.7 years, weight: 88.2 ± 10.1 kg, height: 1.87 ± 0.07 m, and years of training: 13 ± 2) participated in the study. The athletes completed a set of anthropometric measurements, a 24 h food recall, and a translated edition of Abridged Nutrition for Sport Knowledge Questionnaire (A-NSKQ). The average body fat percentage was 16.7 ± 3.8%, while the average fat free mass was 73.9 ± 8.5 kg. The athletes' average daily energy intake was 2606.6 ± 756 kcal, while the average daily intake for carbohydrates, proteins, and fats was 243.85 ± 107.79 g [2.8 ± 1.3 g/kg BW/d-37.2 ± 10.5% of Total Energy Intake (TEI)], 131.59 ± 53.28 g (1.51 ± 0.7 g/kg BW/d-20.3 ± 6.9% of TEI), and 117.65 ± 40.52 g (40.9 ± 9.9% of TEI), respectively. For iron, calcium, and vitamin D, the average daily intakes were 19.33 ± 10.22 mg, 1287.7 ± 676.42 mg, and 3.22 ± 3.57 mcg respectively. The average success rate on the A-NSKQ was only 38.5 ± 10.7% out of 100. Elite handball players exhibit inadequate dietary intake and sports nutrition knowledge. Nutritional education should be a primary concern towards the amelioration of their athletic performance.


Asunto(s)
Atletas , Composición Corporal , Ingestión de Energía , Humanos , Adulto Joven , Masculino , Adulto , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Dieta , Fenómenos Fisiológicos en la Nutrición Deportiva , Deportes/fisiología , Estado Nutricional , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Rendimiento Atlético/fisiología
20.
Int J Sports Physiol Perform ; 19(11): 1180-1196, 2024 Nov 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39168455

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The benefits of oral caffeine intake to enhance several aspects of physical performance, such as aerobic endurance, strength, power, and muscle endurance performance, are well supported. However, how the physical performance benefits of caffeine supplementation are translated into better specific actions in intermittent sports during real or simulated competition has been the topic of fewer investigations, and their results need to be appropriately reviewed and meta-analyzed. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of acute caffeine intake on specific actions in intermittent sports involving decision making and high-intensity efforts (eg, team, racket, and combat sports) during real or simulated competitions. METHODS: All studies included had blinded and crossover experimental designs, and we conducted a risk-of-bias analysis. In total, we included 24 studies. A meta-analysis was performed using the random-effects model to calculate the standardized mean difference (SMD) estimated by Hedges g and 95% CIs. RESULTS: Caffeine ingestion increased high-intensity sport-specific actions during competition, such as the number of sprints (SMD: 0.48; 95% CI, 0.23-0.74), body impacts (SMD: 0.28; 95% CI, 0.08-0.49), accelerations (SMD: 0.35; 95% CI, 0.06-0.63), decelerations (SMD: 0.63; 95% CI, 0.12-1.14), and high-intensity offensive efforts (SMD: 0.36; 95% CI, 0.11-0.61). Additionally, caffeine ingestion induced a higher positive or success rate of actions during real or simulated competition (SMD: 0.44; 95% CI, 0.19-0.69). CONCLUSION: The current meta-analysis provides evidence of caffeine supplementation in increasing high-intensity efforts and the success rate of sport-specific actions during real or simulated competition.


Asunto(s)
Rendimiento Atlético , Cafeína , Sustancias para Mejorar el Rendimiento , Cafeína/administración & dosificación , Humanos , Rendimiento Atlético/fisiología , Sustancias para Mejorar el Rendimiento/administración & dosificación , Conducta Competitiva/fisiología , Toma de Decisiones
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