The transcription factor GATA3 positively regulates NRP1 to promote radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis.

Radiation-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis (RIPF) frequently arises as a delayed complication following radiation therapy for thoracic cancers, encompassing lung, breast, and esophageal malignancies. Characterized by a relentless and irreversible accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins within the lung parenchyma, RIPF presents a significant clinical challenge. While the modulation of gene expression by transcription factors is a recognized aspect in various pathologies, their specific role in the context of RIPF has been less clear. This study elucidates that ionizing radiation prompts the translocation of the transcription factor GATA3 into the nucleus. This translocation facilitates GATA3's binding to the NRP1 promoter, thereby enhancing the transcription and subsequent translation of NRP1. Further investigations demonstrate that the TGF-ß pathway agonist, SRI-011381, can mitigate the effects of NRP1 knockdown on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and ECM deposition, suggesting a pivotal role of the GATA3/NRP1/TGF-ß axis in the pathogenesis of RIPF. In conclusion, our findings not only underscore the critical involvement of GATA3 in RIPF but also highlight the GATA3/NRP1/TGF-ß signaling pathway as a promising target for therapeutic intervention in RIPF management.

Chao Nang Qing prescription promotes granulosa cell apoptosis and autophagy by targeting GATA3.

OBJECTIVE: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disease in women of reproductive age, with complex pathological symptoms and mechanisms. This study explored the mechanism of action of Chao Nang Qing prescription (CNQP) in PCOS. METHODS: CNQP-medicated serum was prepared for culturing KGN granulosa cells. GATA3 knockdown, MYCT1 overexpression, and MYCT1 knockdown vectors were constructed to transfect KGN cells. Cell proliferation and apoptosis, as well as the expression of autophagy-related LC3-II/I, Beclin-1, and p62, were analyzed. ChIP was used to detect the binding of GATA3 and the MYCT1 promoter, and dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to analyze the influence of GATA3 on MYCT1 promoter activity. RESULTS: CNQP treatment reduced proliferation, increased apoptosis, elevated LC3-II/I, Beclin-1, GATA3, and MYCT1 expression, and decreased p62 expression in KGN cells. GATA3 bound to the MYCT1 promoter to promote MYCT1 expression. MYCT1 overexpression impeded proliferation and stimulated apoptosis and autophagy in KGN cells. Compared to CNQP treatment alone, GATA3 or MYCT1 knockdown before CNQP treatment promoted proliferation and reduced apoptosis and autophagy in KGN cells. CONCLUSION: CNQP may modulate KGN cell activity by upregulating GATA3 and MYCT1 expression, thereby slowing down the progression of PCOS.

GATA3 mediates doxorubicin resistance by inhibiting CYB5R2-catalyzed iron reduction in breast cancer cells.

AIMS: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is the primary preoperative therapy for breast cancer. The luminal subtype of breast cancer shows less NAC response than the basal subtype, with an inefficient NAC treatment effect. Understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms responsible for this chemoresistance is an important issue when determining optimal treatment. METHODS: Doxorubicin-induced apoptosis and ferroptosis was investigated using cytotoxicity, western blotting, and flow cytometry assays. The role of GATA3 in modulating doxorubicin-induced cell death was investigated both in vitro and in vivo. RNA-seq, qPCR, ChIP, and luciferase assay and association analyses were performed to investigate the regulation of CYB5R2 by GATA3. The function of GATA3 and CYB5R2 in regulating doxorubicin-induced ferroptosis was evaluated with iron, ROS, and lipid peroxidation detection assays. Immunohistochemistry was performed for results validation. RESULTS: Doxorubicin-induced basal breast cancer cell death is dependent on iron-mediated ferroptosis. Overexpression of the luminal signature transcriptional factor GATA3 mediates doxorubicin resistance. GATA3 promotes cell viability by decreasing ferroptosis-related gene CYB5R2 expression and by maintaining iron homeostasis. Analyzing data from the public and our cohorts demonstrates that GATA3 and CYB5R2 are associated with NAC response. CONCLUSIONS: GATA3 promotes doxorubicin resistance by inhibiting CYB5R2-mediated iron metabolism and ferroptosis. Therefore, patients with breast cancer who display high GATA3 expression do not benefit from doxorubicin-based NAC regimens.

GATA3 Exerts Distinct Transcriptional Functions to Regulate Radiation Resistance in A549 and H1299 Cells.

Background: Radiation resistance of lung cancer cells is a vital factor affecting the curative effect of lung cancer. Transcription factor GATA3 is involved in cell proliferation, invasion, and migration and is significantly expressed in a variety of malignancies. However, the molecular mechanism governing GATA3 regulation in lung cancer cells' radiation resistance is unknown. Methods: Radiation-resistant cell models (A549-RR and H1299-RR) were made using fractionated high-dose irradiation. Use clone formation, CCK-8, F-actin staining, cell cycle detection, and other experiments to verify whether the model is successfully constructed. Cells were transiently transfected with knockdown or overexpression plasmid. To explore the relationship between GATA3/H3K4me3 and target genes, we used ChIP-qPCR, ChIP-seq, and dual luciferase reporter gene experiments. Xenograft tumor models were used to evaluate the effect of GATA3 depletion on the tumorigenic behavior of lung cancer cells. Results: We report that transcription factors GATA3 and H3K4me3 coactivate NRP1 gene transcription when A549 cells develop radiation resistance. However, the mechanism of radiation resistance in H1299 cells is that GATA3 acts as a transcription inhibitor. The decrease of GATA3 will promote the increase of NRP1 transcription, in which H3K4me3 does not play a leading role. Conclusions: GATA3, an upstream transcriptional regulator of NRP1 gene, regulates the radioresistance of A549 and H1299 cells by opposite mechanisms, which provides a new target for radiotherapy of lung cancer.

A GATA3 Targeting Nucleic Acid Nanocapsule for In Vivo Gene Regulation in Asthma.

Allergic asthma is one of the leading chronic lung diseases of both children and adults worldwide, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality in affected individuals. Many patients have severe asthma, which is refractory to treatment, illustrating the need for the development of new therapeutics for this disease. Herein, we describe the use of a peptide cross-linked nucleic acid nanocapsule (NAN) for the delivery of a GATA3-specific DNAzyme to immune cells, with demonstration of modulated transcriptional activity and behavior of those cells. The NAN, built from peptide cross-linked surfactants, is chemically designed to degrade under inflammation conditions releasing individual DNAzyme-surfactant conjugates in response to proteolytic enzymes. Using the NAN, GATA3 DNAzymes were delivered efficiently to human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, with clear evidence of uptake by CD4+ helper T cells without the need for harsh transfection agents. Knockdown of GATA3 was achieved in vitro using human Jurkat T cells, which express GATA3 under homeostatic conditions. Additionally, mice treated with DNAzyme-NANs during house dust mite (HDM)-induced asthma developed less severe allergic lung inflammation than HDM-only control mice, as measured by pulmonary eosinophilia. This study suggests that peptide cross-linked GATA3 DNAzyme-NANs may have the potential to decrease the severity of asthma symptoms in human patients, and development of this technology for human use warrants further investigation.

Bradykinin [corrected] B1 receptor antagonism is beneficial in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Previously we have demonstrated that bradykinin B1 receptor deficient mice (B1KO) were protected against renal ischemia and reperfusion injury (IRI). Here, we aimed to analyze the effect of B1 antagonism on renal IRI and to study whether B1R knockout or antagonism could modulate the renal expression of pro and anti-inflammatory molecules. To this end, mice were subjected to 45 minutes ischemia and reperfused at 4, 24, 48 and 120 hours. Wild-type mice were treated intra-peritoneally with antagonists of either B1 (R-954, 200 microg/kg) or B2 receptor (HOE140, 200 microg/kg) 30 minutes prior to ischemia. Blood samples were collected to ascertain serum creatinine level, and kidneys were harvested for gene transcript analyses by real-time PCR. Herein, B1R antagonism (R-954) was able to decrease serum creatinine levels, whereas B2R antagonism had no effect. The protection seen under B1R deletion or antagonism was associated with an increased expression of GATA-3, IL-4 and IL-10 and a decreased T-bet and IL-1beta transcription. Moreover, treatment with R-954 resulted in lower MCP-1, and higher HO-1 expression. Our results demonstrated that bradykinin B1R antagonism is beneficial in renal IRI.