RESUMEN
A total of 85 patients with alcoholic and viral cirrhosis were included in study to assess the prevalence of dysbiosis and its relationship with the severity of disease, and with development of dyspeptic disorders. Intestinal bacterial over-growth was measured by means of a lactulose breath test, fecal flora was cultured under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Intestinal bacterial overgrowth and colon dysbiosis were determined in 82.4% of patients with equal prevalence in alcoholic and viral cirrhosis. Intestinal dysbiosis was found to be risk factor of increasing cirrhosis severity and liver dysfunction, as well as development of complications of portal hypertension. It was documented, that intestinal dyspepsia syndrome in cirrhotic patients is strongly associated with the presence of gut microflora disorders.
Asunto(s)
Disbiosis/microbiología , Hepatitis Viral Humana/microbiología , Hipertensión Portal/microbiología , Intestinos/microbiología , Cirrosis Hepática/microbiología , Microbiota , Adulto , Anciano , Pruebas Respiratorias , Disbiosis/complicaciones , Disbiosis/epidemiología , Heces/microbiología , Femenino , Hepatitis Viral Humana/complicaciones , Hepatitis Viral Humana/epidemiología , Hepatitis Viral Humana/virología , Humanos , Hipertensión Portal/epidemiología , Hipertensión Portal/etiología , Cirrosis Hepática/complicaciones , Cirrosis Hepática/epidemiología , Cirrosis Hepática/virología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
In developing countries diarrhea diseases take a big toll which can be prevented by adequate supply of safe drinking water. Thus a longitudinal study was taken up to determine the morbidity due to water borne diseases and bacteriological quality of water. 150 houses in two different areas, one supplied by bore well and other by tap water was selected by modified cluster sampling. Weekly morbidity details collected. Monthly water samples were assessed for bacteriological quality from main supply, household storage and morbidity reported houses. The difference in proportion of potable and non potable water at storage points was statistically significant. The overall incidence rate of target diseases was 3.58%,majority were diaarrhoel diseases with increased incidence in children less than five years.
Asunto(s)
Diarrea/microbiología , Hepatitis Viral Humana/microbiología , Fiebre Tifoidea/microbiología , Abastecimiento de Agua/análisis , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribución por Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Niño , Preescolar , Diarrea/epidemiología , Diarrea/etiología , Virus de la Hepatitis A/aislamiento & purificación , Virus de la Hepatitis E/aislamiento & purificación , Hepatitis Viral Humana/epidemiología , Hepatitis Viral Humana/prevención & control , Humanos , Incidencia , India/epidemiología , Lactante , Estudios Longitudinales , Persona de Mediana Edad , Morbilidad , Salmonella typhi/aislamiento & purificación , Distribución por Sexo , Fiebre Tifoidea/epidemiología , Fiebre Tifoidea/prevención & control , Microbiología del Agua , Contaminación del Agua/efectos adversos , Contaminación del Agua/análisis , Abastecimiento de Agua/normas , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
We herein describe a case of secondary syphilis hepatitis in a liver transplant patient. This homosexual man presented 15 years after an orthotopic liver transplant with nonsquamous papillomacular rash, mild cytolysis, and anicteric cholestasis. Laboratory tests showed syphilis seroconversionwith a VDRL test titer of 1/256, a Treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay of 1/5120, and a positive immunoglobulin M fluorescent Treponemal antibody absorbance. A liver biopsy performed 13 months after the diagnosis showed low-grade hepatitis with a METAVIR score of A1F1; it also showed moderate, nonspecific portal inflammation consisting primarily of neutrophils, with no evidence of cholestasis. The patient was given benzathine-penicillin (2400000 IU) with a transient increase in prednisolone dosages. Cytolysis rapidly, and cholestasis progressively, disappeared. Results of an immunoglobulin M fluorescent Treponemal antibody absorbance test became negative, whereas the VDRL test and the Treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay titers decreased slightly over time.
Asunto(s)
Hepatitis Viral Humana/microbiología , Trasplante de Hígado , Sífilis/virología , Hepatitis Viral Humana/virología , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Sífilis/microbiología , Treponema pallidum/aislamiento & purificaciónAsunto(s)
Anfotericina B/uso terapéutico , Antifúngicos/uso terapéutico , Aspergilosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Hepatitis Viral Humana/tratamiento farmacológico , Itraconazol/uso terapéutico , Sobreinfección/tratamiento farmacológico , Adulto , Aspergilosis/virología , Aspergillus/patogenicidad , Hepatitis Viral Humana/microbiología , Humanos , Masculino , Pleuresia/tratamiento farmacológico , Pleuresia/microbiología , Pleuresia/virologíaRESUMEN
Hepatitis of viral aetiology caused by hepatotropic virus (A, E, B, D and C) represents an important work load for the clinical virology laboratory. Most of the diagnostic is based upon detection in serum and plasma samples of different serological and virological markers, which correlates with different infection stages. In chronic infection by HBV and HCV is necessary to perform diagnostic by molecular methods as well as antigen detection in sequential samples along the course of the disease taking into account that a reliable storage must be provided for stability of structural components of the virus. Recent knowledge about mutations variants in some of the virus may alter the validity of particular markers.
Asunto(s)
Virus de Hepatitis/aislamiento & purificación , Hepatitis Viral Humana/diagnóstico , Hepacivirus/aislamiento & purificación , Virus de la Hepatitis A/aislamiento & purificación , Virus de la Hepatitis B/aislamiento & purificación , Virus de la Hepatitis Delta/aislamiento & purificación , Virus de la Hepatitis E/aislamiento & purificación , Hepatitis Viral Humana/microbiología , HumanosRESUMEN
Necrotizing fascitis (NF) is a rare disease with a mortality rate ranging from 24 to 60 percent. The infection may be mono- or polymicrobial and is characterized by extensive necrosis of the skin and muscle, as well as fascia and subcutaneous tissue. NF may develop at the site of injury, e.g. trauma, needle puncture, or surgical incision. The lower extremities, perineum, and abdominal wall are common sites of NF. The remaining 10 percent of cases occur in the upper extremities or neck, usually in patients with vascular disease or diabetes mellitus. The course is rapidly progressive and may be life-threatening if the diagnosis is not made promptly and appropriate surgical debridement is not carried out. We report on a 44-year-old man with necrotizing fascitis during interferon-alpha treatment for hepatitis C virus infection.
Asunto(s)
Fascitis Necrotizante/inducido químicamente , Hepatitis Viral Humana/tratamiento farmacológico , Interferón-alfa/efectos adversos , Adulto , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Desbridamiento/métodos , Bacterias Gramnegativas/aislamiento & purificación , Hepatitis Viral Humana/microbiología , Humanos , Masculino , Ribavirina/efectos adversos , Ribavirina/uso terapéutico , Staphylococcus/aislamiento & purificación , Streptococcus pyogenes/aislamiento & purificación , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Hepatitis G virus (HGV) infection is often observed in patients with hepatitis B or C virus (HBV or HCV) infections. The aim of this study was an evaluation of the influence of HGV infection on the course of virus hepatitis B and C in children. 113 children aged 2-15 years old, with hepatitis B or C were enrolled to the study. In the study group children were examined for the presence of virus genetic material, e.g. HGV-RNA. The analysis of children records with respect to results of physical examination and additional tests (laboratory tests, abdomen ultrasonography) was carried out. On the basis of the analysis it was showed that HGV infection did not significantly change the course of basic liver disease.
Asunto(s)
Virus GB-C , Hepatitis B Crónica/fisiopatología , Hepatitis C Crónica/fisiopatología , Hepatitis Viral Humana/epidemiología , Adolescente , beta-Globulinas/metabolismo , Niño , Preescolar , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Femenino , Infecciones por Flaviviridae/complicaciones , Hepatitis B Crónica/epidemiología , Hepatitis B Crónica/metabolismo , Hepatitis C Crónica/epidemiología , Hepatitis C Crónica/metabolismo , Hepatitis Viral Humana/genética , Hepatitis Viral Humana/microbiología , Humanos , Masculino , ARN Viral/genética , gammaglobulinas/metabolismoAsunto(s)
Brotes de Enfermedades , Hepatitis E/epidemiología , Hepatitis Viral Humana/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Niño , Brotes de Enfermedades/prevención & control , Femenino , Hepatitis Viral Humana/microbiología , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Nepal/epidemiología , Estudios SeroepidemiológicosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: A 2.5-year-old boy received a cadaveric orthotopic liver transplant for acute liver failure due to non-A, non-B, non-C hepatitis. After transplantation, he developed thrombocytopenia and neutropenia and subsequently severe aplastic anemia. The patient also suffered from recurrent cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia, treated with foscarnet and ganciclovir. METHODS: For treatment of his aplastic anemia, the patient underwent an allogeneic bone marrow transplantation from his HLA-identical sister after conditioning with cyclophosphamide at 200 mg/kg and antithymocyte globulin at 3 mg/kg for 5 days. Prophylactic acyclovir was given because of ongoing CMV viremia at the time of bone marrow transplantation. RESULTS: The transplant course was uneventful, with rapid engraftment. There were no signs of liver dysfunction, graft-versus-host disease, or reactivation of CMV. The patient is in excellent health, with normal liver and bone marrow function 3 years after bone marrow transplantation. CONCLUSION: This case report shows that allogeneic bone marrow transplantation is feasible and well tolerated in a patient with severe aplastic anemia after liver transplantation for acute fulminant viral hepatitis.
Asunto(s)
Antivirales/uso terapéutico , Trasplante de Médula Ósea , Infecciones por Citomegalovirus , Hepatitis Viral Humana/complicaciones , Hepatitis Viral Humana/microbiología , Fallo Hepático Agudo/terapia , Trasplante de Hígado , Anemia Aplásica/etiología , Biopsia , Médula Ósea/patología , Preescolar , Citomegalovirus/genética , Infecciones por Citomegalovirus/sangre , Infecciones por Citomegalovirus/tratamiento farmacológico , ADN Viral/análisis , Foscarnet/uso terapéutico , Ganciclovir/uso terapéutico , Hepatitis Viral Humana/cirugía , Humanos , Fallo Hepático Agudo/etiología , Trasplante de Hígado/efectos adversos , Masculino , Reacción en Cadena de la PolimerasaRESUMEN
The nucleotide sequences of the 5' noncoding region of the GB virus C/hepatitis G virus (GBV-C/HGV) were determined in 18 isolates from the United States. Two genotypes have been classified based on the sequence heterogeneity within the 5' noncoding region of GBV-C/HGV. The most distantly related isolates between the two genotypes were 84.6% identical. Sequence identity of the isolates within a genotype was 95-99%. The 5' noncoding region of this virus contains four highly conserved domains. These conserved elements would facilitate the selection of optimal primers for the sensitive detection of GBV-C/HGV RNA by PCR. In addition, they suggest a crucial role for this region in viral replication and/or gene expression. Detection of genotypic variation among GBV-C/HGV infected individuals may provide further insight into the possible pathogenicity and into the transmission of the virus.
Asunto(s)
Flaviviridae/genética , Hepatitis Viral Humana/microbiología , Secuencia de Bases , Secuencia de Consenso , ADN Complementario/genética , Humanos , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , ARN Viral/genética , Alineación de Secuencia , Homología de Secuencia de Ácido NucleicoAsunto(s)
Flaviviridae , Hepatitis Viral Humana , Adulto , Anemia Aplásica/etiología , Donantes de Sangre , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/etiología , Femenino , Flaviviridae/genética , Flaviviridae/aislamiento & purificación , Hepatitis B Crónica/complicaciones , Hepatitis C Crónica/complicaciones , Hepatitis Viral Humana/epidemiología , Hepatitis Viral Humana/microbiología , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Hepatopatías Alcohólicas/complicaciones , Neoplasias Hepáticas/etiología , Trasplante de Hígado , Masculino , Embarazo , Prevalencia , Diálisis Renal/efectos adversos , Factores de Riesgo , Abuso de Sustancias por Vía Intravenosa/complicaciones , Reacción a la TransfusiónAsunto(s)
Flaviviridae , Hepatitis E , Hepatitis Viral Humana , Adolescente , Adulto , Niño , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Flaviviridae/inmunología , Flaviviridae/aislamiento & purificación , Anticuerpos Antihepatitis/análisis , Hepatitis E/diagnóstico , Hepatitis E/epidemiología , Hepatitis Viral Humana/epidemiología , Hepatitis Viral Humana/microbiología , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , EmbarazoRESUMEN
The authors give a short review of the recent data about the types of interferons and their biological activity. The role of interferons in the therapy of B, C and D chronic viral hepatitis is discussed. Interferon treatment means a substantial progress in the therapy of chronic viral hepatitis, however it represents a final recovery from chronic B or C hepatitis only in 25-40 percent or 40-45 percent of the cases, respectively. The authors refer to the combination therapy which seems to be promising in the future.
Asunto(s)
Hepatitis B/tratamiento farmacológico , Hepatitis C/tratamiento farmacológico , Hepatitis D/tratamiento farmacológico , Hepatitis Crónica/tratamiento farmacológico , Hepatitis Viral Humana/tratamiento farmacológico , Interferones/uso terapéutico , Adyuvantes Inmunológicos/uso terapéutico , Quimioterapia Combinada , Femenino , Hepatitis B/microbiología , Hepatitis C/microbiología , Hepatitis D/microbiología , Hepatitis Crónica/microbiología , Hepatitis Viral Humana/microbiología , Humanos , Interferón-alfa/uso terapéutico , MasculinoRESUMEN
Variants of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and of the hepatitis Delta virus (HDV) have been identified in patients both with acute and chronic infections. In the HBV DNA genome, naturally occurring mutations have been found in all viral genes, most notably in the genes coding for the structural envelope and nucleocapsid proteins. In the HCV RNA genome, the regions coding for the structural envelope proteins 1 and 2 as well as the 3'-contiguous nonstructural region 1 were found to be hypervariable. Viral variants may be associated with a specific clinical course of the infection, e.g. acute-fulminant or chronic hepatitis. Specific mutations may reduce viral clearance by immune mechanisms ('immune escape') or response to antiviral therapy ('therapy escape'). Furthermore, mutations of envelope epitopes can lead to viral variants which are not recognized or neutralized by antibodies to wild-type virus, resulting in 'diagnosis escape' or 'vaccine escape'. The exact contribution, however, of specific mutations to the pathogenesis and natural course of HBV, HCV or HDV infection, including the development of hepatocellular carcinoma, remains to be established.
Asunto(s)
Hepacivirus , Virus de la Hepatitis B , Virus de la Hepatitis Delta , Genotipo , Hepacivirus/genética , Virus de la Hepatitis B/genética , Virus de la Hepatitis Delta/genética , Hepatitis Viral Humana/microbiología , Humanos , Biología Molecular , MutaciónAsunto(s)
Hepatitis Viral Humana/diagnóstico , Animales , Callitrichinae , Virus de Hepatitis/patogenicidad , Hepatitis Viral Animal/diagnóstico , Hepatitis Viral Animal/microbiología , Hepatitis Viral Animal/transmisión , Hepatitis Viral Humana/microbiología , Hepatitis Viral Humana/transmisión , Humanos , Enfermedades de los Monos/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de los Monos/microbiología , Enfermedades de los Monos/transmisiónRESUMEN
A variety of viruses cause many of the disorders that are recognized as acute and chronic liver diseases. Remarkable scientific advances achieved during the past two decades have lead to readily available accurate diagnostic tests for hepatitis viruses designated A through E. Effective vaccines have been developed to prevent hepatitis B and, more recently, hepatitis A. Heightened understanding of the pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis caused by hepatitis B and C suggests several promising therapeutic approaches. Interferon is the sole drug yet proven to be effective in the treatment of some patients with chronic hepatitis B and C. Newer antiviral agents that will be used alone or in combination are under development.
Asunto(s)
Hepatitis Viral Humana , Enfermedad Aguda , Enfermedad Crónica , Antígenos de Superficie de la Hepatitis B/sangre , Antígenos e de la Hepatitis B/sangre , Hepatitis Viral Humana/diagnóstico , Hepatitis Viral Humana/inmunología , Hepatitis Viral Humana/microbiología , Hepatitis Viral Humana/terapia , Humanos , Vacunas contra Hepatitis Viral/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
The appearance of replication-competent variants of HBV with mutations in the envelope and precore/core and X proteins emphasizes that these proteins are the focus of immune selection pressures in the human host. The presence of an antibody response in the absence of a CTL response may create the ideal selection environment. This occurs in the early phase of passive/active immunization against HBV envelope proteins in neonates born to HBV-infected mothers and also during the emergence of HBeAg-negative variants during and after HBe antigen/antibody seroconversion in chronic HBV carriers with defective CTL responses. The sequence and speed of application of the multiple selection pressures (humoral and possibly cellular) determine the virologic and clinical outcome. When these variant viruses are passed to a new host, in the absence of the immune selection pressures or modified immune pressures that resulted in their selection, a picture clinically different from that seen in the original host may emerge.