Maximal workload but not peak oxygen uptake is decreased during immersed incremental exercise at cooler temperatures.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: This study investigated the effects of water temperature on cardiorespiratory responses and exercise performance during immersed incremental cycle exercise until exhaustion. METHODS: Ten healthy young men performed incremental cycle exercise on a water cycle ergometer at water temperatures (T w) of 18, 26 and 34 °C. Workload was initially set at 60 W and was increased by 20 W every 2 min for the first four levels and then by 10 W every minute until the subject could no longer continue. RESULTS: During submaximal exercise (60-120 W), [Formula see text] was greater at T w = 18 °C than at 26 or 34 °C. Maximal workload was lower at T w = 18 °C than at 26 or 34 °C [T w = 18 °C 138 ± 16 (SD) W, T w = 26 °C 157 ± 16 W, T w = 34 °C 156 ± 18 W], whereas [Formula see text]O2peak did not differ among the three temperatures [T w = 18 °C 3156 ± 364 (SD) ml min(-1), T w = 26 °C 3270 ± 344 ml min(-1), T w = 34 °C 3281 ± 268 ml min(-1)]. Minute ventilation ([Formula see text]) and tidal volume (V T) during submaximal exercise were higher at T w = 18 °C than at 26 or 34 °C, while respiratory frequency (f R) did not differ with respect to T w. CONCLUSION: Peak workload during immersed incremental cycle exercise is lower in cold water (18 °C) due to the higher [Formula see text] during submaximal exercise, while the greater [Formula see text] in cold water was due to a larger V T.