Hepatitis E seroprevalence in the Americas: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Liver Int
; 38(11): 1951-1964, 2018 11.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-29660259
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND & AIMS:
While hepatitis E virus infections are a relevant topic in Europe, knowledge about epidemiology of hepatitis E virus infections in the USA and Latin America is still limited. Aim of this study was to estimate anti-hepatitis E virus IgG seroprevalence in the Americas and to assess whether low socioeconomic status is associated with hepatitis E virus exposure.METHODS:
We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis. Literature search was performed in PubMed for articles published 01/1994-12/2016. Prevalence was estimated using a mixed-effects model and reported in line with PRISMA reporting guidelines.RESULTS:
Seroprevalence was significantly higher in the USA than in Latin America, independently of assay, patient cohort, methodological quality or study year (OR 1.82 (1.06-3.08), P = .03). Patients in the USA had a more than doubled estimated seroprevalence (up to 9%, confidence interval 5%-15.6%) than those in Brazil (up to 4.2%, confidence interval 2.4%-7.1%; OR 2.27 (1.25-4.13); P = .007) and Mixed Caribbean (up to 1%, OR 8.33 (1.15-81.61); P = .04). A comparison with published data from Europe demonstrated that anti-hepatitis E virus seroprevalence in the USA and Europe did not differ significantly (OR 1.33 (0.81-2.19), P = .25), while rate in South America was significantly lower than that in Europe (OR 0.67 (0.45-0.98), P = .04).CONCLUSIONS:
Hepatitis E virus is common in the USA. Surprisingly, the risk of hepatitis E virus exposure was low in many South American countries. Seroprevalence did not differ significantly between Europe and the USA. Hence, hepatitis E virus is not limited to countries with low sanitary standards, and a higher socioeconomic status does not protect populations from hepatitis E virus exposure.Palabras clave
Texto completo:
1
Base de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Inmunoglobulina G
/
Anticuerpos Antihepatitis
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Hepatitis E
Tipo de estudio:
Etiology_studies
/
Prevalence_studies
/
Prognostic_studies
/
Risk_factors_studies
/
Systematic_reviews
Límite:
Humans
País/Región como asunto:
America do norte
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Liver Int
Asunto de la revista:
GASTROENTEROLOGIA
Año:
2018
Tipo del documento:
Article
País de afiliación:
Alemania