[Surgical treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome: open release of the flexor retinaculum and hypothenar fat flap for revision surgery]. / Operative Behandlung des Karpaltunnelsyndroms: offene Retinakulumspaltung und Hypothenarfettlappenplastik beim Rezidiv.

OBJECTIVE: Decompression of the median nerve by complete release of the flexor retinaculum and the distal antebrachial fascia. In the case of revision surgery providing of a scar-free covering of the median nerve, if necessary. INDICATIONS: Carpal tunnel release is indicated for symptomatic patients with painful paraesthesia or neurological deficits after adequate diagnostic evaluation. The hypothenar fat flap is indicated in revision surgery if a sufficient nerve bed of the median nerve is needed and to restore nerve gliding. CONTRAINDICATIONS: General operative limitations. The hypothenar fat flap is not indicated in revision surgery if median nerve irritation is not caused by surrounding scaring but other reasons like tendonitis. SURGICAL TECHNIQUE: Proximal longitudinal incision of the palm. Subcutaneous dissection and incision of the palmar aponeurosis. Careful ulnar incision of the transverse carpal ligament. Considerate release of the distal and proximal parts of the retinaculum as well as the distal part of the antebrachial fascia. Exploration of the median nerve and palpation of the carpal tunnel and resection of compressive structures, if necessary. In case of revision surgery, if required, the hypothenar fat flap is raised. The fat flap is transposed without tension palmar to the median nerve and fixed to the radial side of the carpal tunnel. POSTOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT: Early functional mobilization. Immobilization for a short period is optional. After revision surgery and hypothenar fat flap, splinting for one week is recommended.