Oligodendrocyte death and myelin loss in the cuprizone model: an updated overview of the intrinsic and extrinsic causes of cuprizone demyelination.
Mol Neurodegener
; 17(1): 34, 2022 05 07.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-35526004
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
The dietary consumption of cuprizone - a copper chelator - has long been known to induce demyelination of specific brain structures and is widely used as model of multiple sclerosis. Despite the extensive use of cuprizone, the mechanism by which it induces demyelination are still unknown. With this review we provide an updated understanding of this model, by showcasing two distinct yet overlapping modes of action for cuprizone-induced demyelination; 1) damage originating from within the oligodendrocyte, caused by mitochondrial dysfunction or reduced myelin protein synthesis. We term this mode of action 'intrinsic cell damage'. And 2) damage to the oligodendrocyte exerted by inflammatory molecules, brain resident cells, such as oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and microglia or peripheral immune cells - neutrophils or T-cells. We term this mode of action 'extrinsic cellular damage'. Lastly, we summarize recent developments in research on different forms of cell death induced by cuprizone, which could add valuable insights into the mechanisms of cuprizone toxicity. With this review we hope to provide a modern understanding of cuprizone-induced demyelination to understand the causes behind the demyelination in MS.Palabras clave
Texto completo:
1
Base de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Enfermedades Desmielinizantes
/
Cuprizona
Tipo de estudio:
Etiology_studies
Límite:
Animals
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Mol Neurodegener
Año:
2022
Tipo del documento:
Article
País de afiliación:
Canadá