Ambient Electrochemical Ammonia Synthesis: From Theoretical Guidance to Catalyst Design.
Adv Sci (Weinh)
; 11(15): e2308979, 2024 Apr.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-38345238
ABSTRACT
Ammonia, a vital component in the synthesis of fertilizers, plastics, and explosives, is traditionally produced via the energy-intensive and environmentally detrimental Haber-Bosch process. Given its considerable energy consumption and significant greenhouse gas emissions, there is a growing shift toward electrocatalytic ammonia synthesis as an eco-friendly alternative. However, developing efficient electrocatalysts capable of achieving high selectivity, Faraday efficiency, and yield under ambient conditions remains a significant challenge. This review delves into the decades-long research into electrocatalytic ammonia synthesis, highlighting the evolution of fundamental principles, theoretical descriptors, and reaction mechanisms. An in-depth analysis of the nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) and nitrate reduction reaction (NitRR) is provided, with a focus on their electrocatalysts. Additionally, the theories behind electrocatalyst design for ammonia synthesis are examined, including the Gibbs free energy approach, Sabatier principle, d-band center theory, and orbital spin states. The review culminates in a comprehensive overview of the current challenges and prospective future directions in electrocatalyst development for NRR and NitRR, paving the way for more sustainable methods of ammonia production.
Texto completo:
1
Base de datos:
MEDLINE
Tipo de estudio:
Guideline
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Adv Sci (Weinh)
/
Advanced science (Weinheim)
Año:
2024
Tipo del documento:
Article
País de afiliación:
China