Changes in the Adaptive Cellular Repertoire after Infection with Different SARS-CoV-2 VOCs in a Cohort of Vaccinated Healthcare Workers.
Vaccines (Basel)
; 12(3)2024 Feb 23.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-38543865
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
Currently approved vaccines are highly effective in protecting against hospitalization and severe COVID-19 infections. How pre-existing immunity responds to new variants with mutated antigens is crucial information for elucidating the functional interplay between antibodies and B and T cell responses during infection with new SARS-CoV-2 variants.METHODS:
In this study, we monitored the dynamics and persistence of the immune response versus different SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern that emerged during the pandemic period (2021-2022) in a cohort of vaccinated healthcare workers, who experienced breakthrough infection in the Pre-Delta, Delta, and Omicron waves. We evaluated both the humoral and cell-mediated responses after infection. We also evaluated the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies levels produced by infection in comparison with those produced after vaccination.RESULTS:
Our results highlighted that the immune response against the Delta VOC mainly involved an adaptive humoral and switched memory B cells component, even 3 months after the last vaccine dose, conversely showing a high percentage of depleted adaptive T cells. Omicron infections triggered a consistent production of non-vaccine-associated anti-N antibodies, probably to balance the spike epitope immune escape mechanisms.CONCLUSION:
Our results suggest a direct dependence between the VOC and different humoral and B and T cell balances in the post-infection period, despite the administration of a different number of vaccine doses and the elapsed time since the last vaccination.
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Base de datos:
MEDLINE
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Vaccines (Basel)
Año:
2024
Tipo del documento:
Article
País de afiliación:
Italia