Centrifugal technique of plasma exchange and low-dose steroid to treat very severe alcoholic hepatitis patients: A retrospective analysis.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Low-volume plasma exchange (PLEX) and low-dose steroid improve survival in severe alcoholic hepatitis. We aimed to compare one-year survival of very severe alcoholic hepatitis (VSAH) patients treated with centrifugal PLEX (cPLEX), membrane PLEX (mPLEX) or standard medical treatment (SMT). METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed survival in consecutive VSAH patients treated at our department from November 2017 to September 2021. PLEX patients received low-volume PLEX along with low-dose steroid (tab. prednisolone 10 mg or 20 mg daily). To adjust for baseline differences between the three treatment (cPLEX, mPLEX or SMT) groups, propensity score (PS) matching was done. Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) was defined as per European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL). The primary study outcome was one-year transplant-free survival of PS-matched VSAH patients treated with cPLEX compared to SMT. RESULTS: Of 101 PLEX-eligible VSAH patients, 30 patients were treated with cPLEX, 21 with mPLEX and 50 with SMT. On comparing 30 PS-matched patients each in the cPLEX group vs. the SMT group, transplant-free survival in the cPLEX group was 86.7% at one month, 70% at three months and 52.4% at one year and in the SMT group was 33.3% at one month, 23.3% at three months and 16.7% at one year with hazard ratio (HR [95% CI]) in favor of the cPLEX group (0.29 [0.15-0.56], p < 0.001). Total 21 patients each (PS-matched) in cPLEX and mPLEX groups were compared and one-year survival was better with cPLEX (0.33 [0.16-0.69], p = 0.001). The sub-group analysis of VSAH (PS-matched cohort) patients with ACLF also showed better survival with cPLEX compared to SMT (0.38 [0.17-0.83], p = 0.003) and compared to mPLEX (0.43 [0.17-0.95], p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: Better one-year transplant-free survival was noted among PS-matched VSAH patients treated with cPLEX (and low-dose steroid) compared to SMT (without steroid).