Effectiveness of low-level red light for controlling progression of Myopia in children and adolescents.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of low-level red light (LRL) in controlling the progression of myopia in children and adolescents. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial was conducted from March 2022 to June 2022 at the Xuzhou First People's Hospital. A total of 73 children and adolescents with myopia, between the ages of 6 and 14, and meeting the inclusion criteria, were randomly divided into two groups. The experimental group wore single vision spectacles with LRL intervention, while the control group wore single vision spectacles alone. Spherical equivalent refraction (SER), axial length (AL), subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT), and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were measured for the participants. Data analysis was performed using chi-square test, independent samples t-test, and Mann-Whitney U test. To compare the changes in SER and AL between groups, we utilized the Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) model. RESULTS: The experimental group was composed of 36 individuals, while the control group had 37. The mean age of the participants was 8.9 ± 2.0 years. No statistically significant distinctions in SER, AL and SFCT were observed between the two groups at baseline (P > 0.05). After 6 months of intervention, the experimental group's increase in SER (-0.01D; 95 % CI -0.09, 0.06) was higher than that of the control group (-0.41D; 95 % CI -0.51, -0.32), with a significance level of P < 0.001. Furthermore, the changes over time revealed significant differences between the two groups (Wald χ2group×time 31.576, P < 0.001). The experimental group's AL increase (-0.02 mm; 95 % CI -0.07, 0.03) was less than the control group's (0.22 mm; 95 % CI 0.19, 0.25) (P < 0.001), with a significant difference over time between them (wald χ2group×time 62.305, P < 0.001). SFCT change after 6 months in the experimental group was significantly greater (29.19 µm; 95 % CI 18.48, 39.91) compared to that of the control group (-6.59 µm; 95 % CI -14.28, 1.09) (P < 0.001). No adverse events were observed, and there was no evidence of fundus structural damage on OCT imaging. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that low-level red light can effectively control myopia progression in children and adolescents within 6 months. No adverse reactions were observed.