Effects of seasonal management programs on PM2.5 in Seoul and Beijing using DN-PMF: Collaborative efforts from the Korea-China joint research.
Environ Int
; 191: 108970, 2024 Sep.
Article
en En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-39197373
ABSTRACT
South Korea and China have implemented increasingly stringent mitigation measures to reduce the health risks from PM2.5 exposure, jointly conducting a ground-based air quality observation study in Northeast Asia. Dispersion normalized positive matrix factorization (DN-PMF) was used to identify PM2.5 sources in Seoul and Beijing and assess the effectiveness of the seasonal management programs (SMPs) through a comparative study. Samples were collected during three periods January-December 2019, September 2020-May 2021, and July 2021-March 2022. In Seoul, ten sources were resolved (Secondary nitrate 8.67 µg/m3, 34 %, Secondary sulfate 5.67 µg/m3, 22 %, Motor vehicle 1.83 µg/m3, 7.2 %, Biomass burning 2.30 µg/m3, 9.1 %, Residual oil combustion 1.66 µg/m3, 6.5 %, Industry 2.15 µg/m3, 8.5 %, Incinerator 1.39 µg/m3, 5.5 %, Coal combustion 0.363 µg/m3, 1.4 %, Road dust/soil 0.941 µg/m3, 3.7 %, Aged sea salt 0.356 µg/m3, 1.4 %). The SMP significantly decreased PM2.5 mass concentrations and source contributions of motor vehicle, residual oil combustion, industry, coal combustion, and biomass burning sources (p-value < 0.05). For Seoul, the reduction effects of the SMPs were evident even considering the influence of the natural meteorological variations and the responses to COVID-19. In Beijing, nine sources were resolved (Secondary nitrate 12.6 µg/m3, 28 %, Sulfate 8.27 µg/m3, 18 %, Motor vehicle 3.77 µg/m3, 8.4 %, Biomass burning 2.70 µg/m3, 6.0 %, Incinerator 4.50 µg/m3, 10 %, Coal combustion 3.52 µg/m3, 7.8 %, Industry 5.01 µg/m3, 11 %, Road dust/soil 2.92 µg/m3, 6.5 %, Aged sea salt 1.63 µg/m3, 3.6 %). Significant reductions in PM2.5 mass concentrations and source contributions of industry, coal combustion, and incinerator (p-value < 0.05) were observed, attributed to the SMP and additional measures enforced before the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics. Unlike comparing PM2.5 mass concentration variations using conventional methods, investigation of the source contribution variations of PM2.5 by using DN-PMF can provide a deeper understanding of the effectiveness of the air quality management policies.
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Base de datos:
MEDLINE
Asunto principal:
Estaciones del Año
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Monitoreo del Ambiente
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Contaminantes Atmosféricos
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Contaminación del Aire
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Material Particulado
País/Región como asunto:
Asia
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Environ Int
Año:
2024
Tipo del documento:
Article