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Donor screening for antibody to hepatitis B core antigen and hepatitis B virus infection in transfusion recipients.
Mosley, J W; Stevens, C E; Aach, R D; Hollinger, F B; Mimms, L T; Solomon, L R; Barbosa, L H; Nemo, G J.
Afiliación
  • Mosley JW; University of Southern California, Los Angeles.
Transfusion ; 35(1): 5-12, 1995 Jan.
Article en En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7998069
ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:

Testing for antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) as a surrogate for hepatitis C viremia is no longer needed for blood donor screening. Currently, the important question is how much its use supplements hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) donor screening in preventing transfusion-transmitted hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. STUDY DESIGN AND

METHODS:

In a study conducted in the 1970s, 64 blood donors were associated with 15 cases of HBV (1.0%) in 1533 transfusion recipients. Sera from 61 donors at donation and 29 follow-up visits were available for present-day assays for HBsAg, HBV DNA, anti-HBc, and antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs).

RESULTS:

HBsAg was found in four previously negative blood donors; HBV DNA was limited to three of these four. Anti-HBc was detected in six HBsAg-negative donors. Two other donors were negative in all assays at donation, but positive for anti-HBc and anti-HBs 2 to 4 months later. The remaining donors were negative for all HBV markers, which left five recipient cases unexplained. No HBV transmission was observed when anti-HBs sample-to-negative control values were > or = 10.

CONCLUSION:

Some 33 to 50 percent of cases of hepatitis B that could be transmitted by transfusion of blood from HBsAg-negative donors are prevented by anti-HBc screening. Anti-HBc-positive donors unequivocally positive for anti-HBs should be considered noninfectious for HBV and should be allowed to donate. Anti-HBc screening of paid plasmapheresis donors, supplemented by anti-HBs testing, would reduce the amount of HBV to be processed by virus inactivation and increase the content of anti-HBs in plasma pools.
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Base de datos: MEDLINE Asunto principal: Donantes de Sangre / Anticuerpos Antihepatitis / Reacción a la Transfusión / Hepatitis B / Antígenos del Núcleo de la Hepatitis B Tipo de estudio: Diagnostic_studies / Screening_studies Límite: Humans Idioma: En Revista: Transfusion Año: 1995 Tipo del documento: Article
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Base de datos: MEDLINE Asunto principal: Donantes de Sangre / Anticuerpos Antihepatitis / Reacción a la Transfusión / Hepatitis B / Antígenos del Núcleo de la Hepatitis B Tipo de estudio: Diagnostic_studies / Screening_studies Límite: Humans Idioma: En Revista: Transfusion Año: 1995 Tipo del documento: Article