Measuring blood pressure in stable renal transplant recipients: what you measure depends on what you use.

BACKGROUND: Blood pressure levels have a major impact on cardiovascular and renal transplant outcomes after renal transplantation. But there are significant challenges to accurately measure blood pressure levels in stable healthy renal transplant outpatients. We aimed to test whether there are differences in BP measurements taken using either automated oscillometric machines or a random zero sphygmomanometer. METHODS: Blood pressure was recorded twice in a random order with each of three BP measuring devices (DINAMAP BP8800; OMRON HEM 713 and a Random-Zero Hawskley sphygmomanometer). Results were analysed to determine observer bias, cardiovascular artefacts, and intra- and inter-machine BP variation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: There was no significant observer bias or cardiovascular artefacts. Intra-machine variability was small. BP measurement using DINAMAP and OMRON could lead to a difference of up to 30 mm Hg higher or 15 mm Hg lower than Hawskley random zero BP readings. Though widely used for 'convenience', oscillometric measures of BP in the renal transplant clinic are not optimal.

Mycophenolate mofetil in systemic lupus erythematosus: efficacy and tolerability in 86 patients.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the indications, efficacy, and tolerability of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) resistant to other immunosuppressive therapy. METHODS: Records of 93 patients with SLE were retrospectively reviewed. Seven patients were excluded. The remaining 86 patients received other immunosuppressive drugs before MMF. Efficacy was measured by changes in daily oral prednisolone dose, European Consensus Lupus Activity Measurement Index (ECLAM), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein, and dsDNA antibody titer. In renal patients, changes in serum creatinine, creatinine clearance, chromium-51 EDTA glomerular filtration rate (EDTA-GFR), and 24 hour urine protein excretion were also evaluated. RESULTS: Indications for MMF were mainly renal involvement (59% of patients), uncontrolled disease activity (14%), and other SLE related manifestations (13%). Overall, we found a significant reduction in the steroid dosage, ECLAM, ESR, and anti-dsDNA antibody titer. Renal patients (n = 35) showed a significant reduction in urinary 24 hour protein excretion. Levels of serum creatinine, creatinine clearance, and EDTA-GFR showed no significant change during treatment. Thirty-seven patients (42.8%) developed adverse events. Gastrointestinal intolerance in 25 (29%) and infections in 20 (23.2%) were the most frequent. The drug was discontinued in 14 (16.3%) patients due to side effects and 6 patients discontinued MMF because they achieved disease remission and were trying to conceive. MMF was stopped due to lack of efficacy in 12 patients. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that MMF is a good therapeutic alternative for patients with SLE and renal involvement or refractory disease activity.