Dietary practice and associated factors among type 2 diabetic patients attending chronic follow-up in public hospitals, central Ethiopia, 2022.

BACKGROUND: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is affecting numerous Ethiopian populations regardless of environmental and social status. Diabetic people all over the world are commonly urged to acquire a healthy eating habit, which necessitates lifelong changes in food habits, beliefs, and meal patterns. Dietary management is considered one of the cornerstones of diabetes care, as it is an important component of the overall treatment plan. Choosing and following a healthy diet is important for everyone, especially people with diabetes. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to assess dietary practices and associated factors among type 2 diabetes patients in the west Shewa Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia, in 2022. METHODS: A hospital-based cross-sectional study design was conducted in West Shewa Zone public hospitals among 421 randomly selected type 2 diabetic patients from February 1 to March 30, 2022. Data were collected using a structured and pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaire. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses were done using SPSS. RESULTS: In this study, about 35.6% (95% CI: 30.9-39.9) of type 2 diabetes patients had good dietary practices. Diabetes knowledge (AOR 9 2; 95% CI 4.4-19.4), food-secured households (AOR 3.3; 95% CI 1.6-6.9), high self-efficacy (AOR 6.6; 95% CI 3.2-13.9), diabetes diet information from healthcare professionals (AOR 2.9; 95% CI 1.3-6.4), complete dietary change (AOR = 2.3; 95% CI 1.1-4.8), and female gender (AOR 3.6; 95% CI 1.6-8.1) were independent predictors of good dietary practice. CONCLUSION: The proportion of patients with type 2 diabetes, who attended follow-up at West Shawa Public Hospitals and practiced good dietary habits, was low. Patients' household food insecurity, diabetes knowledge, self-efficacy, source of information on the diabetic diet, complete dietary change after diabetes diagnosis, and gender were all significantly associated with type 2 diabetic patients' dietary practices. Thus, promoting the provision of continuous, modified, and comprehensive education and advice on the importance of diabetes self-management, particularly adherence to dietary recommendations, is fundamental to decreasing the burden of diabetes complications and massive health expenses among diabetic patients.

Knowledge and attitude regarding human papillomavirus vaccine and its associated factors among parents of daughters age between 9-14 years in central Ethiopia, 2021.

Background: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted disease and the major cause of cervical cancer, which threatened the lives of several women and remains a critical concern in Africa and around the world. Ethiopia initiates the human papillomavirus vaccines on 3 rd December 2018 for the primary time to vaccinate six million girls. Objective: This study assessed knowledge and attitudes toward the human papillomavirus vaccine among parents of daughters aged between 9 and 14 years in the Central Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 619 parents whose daughters were aged between 9 and 14 years old from February 01 to February 30, 2021. A multistage sampling method was employed to select study participants. Data were collected using an interview administered questionnaire adapted from related literature. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses were done by using SPSS v. 20.0. Results: A total of 619 parents participated in the current study of whom, only 242 (39.1%) and 249 (40.2%) of the respondents were knowledgeable and had a favorable attitude toward the HPV, respectively. Age (AOR 1.98, 95% CI: 1.07, 3.69), place of residence (AOR 3.6, 95% CI: 1.45, 8.92), and wealth status (AOR 1.89, 95% CI: 1.09, 3.26) was independently associated with the knowledge of parents toward the HPV. Conclusion: Policymakers and other stockholders require more effort to provide a resource to enhance knowledge and attitudes toward the HPV through the mass media and other health education outlets. Keywords: Knowledge, HPV Vaccine, Attitude, Cervical cancer, Central Ethiopia.