A single bout of breast milk expression does not increase resting metabolic rate.

INTRODUCTION: Breastfeeding women have elevated resting metabolic rate (RMR); however, whether a single bout of lactation increases RMR is unknown. This study aimed to determine if a single bout of lactation acutely increased RMR. METHODS: Twenty-two lactating women (age: 31 ± 0.9 year, body mass index: 27.3 ± 1.2 kg/m2 ) were recruited. RMR was assessed at baseline and at 1- and 2-h following breast milk expression. RESULTS: RMR was unchanged in lactating women following a single bout of lactation (baseline: 1437 ± 39; 1 h: 1425 ± 37 2 h: 1440 ± 31 kcal/day) (p > .05). RMR was not correlated to daily milk produced (r = 0.05, p > .05), but was correlated to body mass (r = 0.74, p < .001), fat-free mass (kg) (r = 0.61, p < .01), and fat mass (kg) (r = 0.71, p < .01). CONCLUSION: RMR in lactating women appears to be more related to body mass or composition in the postpartum period rather than lactation.

Nocardia infection causing non-healing surgical wounds: A case series from Bangladesh.

OBJECTIVE: Nocardia can be introduced accidentally causing non-healing surgical wounds. METHOD: From February 2017 to January 2021 samples from wounds were collected. Nocardia identification and susceptibility testing were carried out by standard procedure. RESULTS: Seventeen (35.4 %) Nocardia spp. and 20 other pathogens (41.7%) were recovered by culture. Drug susceptibility among Nocardia was >70% to amikacin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, levofloxacin, linezolid, and imipenem, 47% to cephalosporins and 41% to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. CONCLUSIONS: Infections with Nocardia spp. should be considered in non-healing surgical wounds.