Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 20 de 97
Filtrar
Mais filtros

País/Região como assunto
Tipo de documento
País de afiliação
Intervalo de ano de publicação
1.
Helicobacter ; 25(1): e12672, 2020 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31803999

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: H pylori plays a critical role in the development of stomach cancer, especially in people affected by the bacteria at an early stage of life. Th9 cells and IL-9 play major roles in immune responses against various infections. IL-9 is influential in chronic or acute inflammation of the mucosa. AIM: This study seeks to investigate the possible functions of Tc9, Th9 cells, and IL-9 level in patients with inflammation due to H pylori infection. METHODS: Eighty-three patients with dyspepsia symptoms and twenty normal subjects with no sign and symptoms of dyspepsia were recruited. Frequencies of T-cell subsets were determined by flow cytometry. Levels of cytokines IL-9 family in the sera and supernatants of antigen-activated PBMCs patients were measured by ELISA and flow cytometry. RESULTS: The participants included 56 females and 47 males with a mean age of 39.2 ± 15.3 years. We assigned the infected group into peptic ulcer and gastritis (chronic active and chronic). Frequencies of Tc9, Th17, Tc17, Th17/9, and Tc17/9 increased significantly in the peptic ulcer, chronic active, and chronic gastritis, compared with the uninfected and healthy control groups. A significant increase was seen in IL-9, IL-4, and IL-23 in the chronic active gastritis. Further observed was a significant increase in IL-21 and a decrease in IL-10 in the infected groups. CONCLUSION: The results revealed that increased Tc9, Th17/9, and Tc17/9 cells appear to be influential in the progression and severity of H pylori infection. Also, increased IL-9 and IL-4 levels and Tc9, Tc17/9, and Th17/9 were seen in chronic active gastritis patients. These findings may provide useful information for a therapeutic targeting of chronic active H pylori infections.


Assuntos
Gastrite/imunologia , Infecções por Helicobacter/imunologia , Helicobacter pylori/fisiologia , Interleucina-9/imunologia , Subpopulações de Linfócitos T/imunologia , Linfócitos T Auxiliares-Indutores/imunologia , Adulto , Feminino , Gastrite/genética , Gastrite/microbiologia , Infecções por Helicobacter/genética , Infecções por Helicobacter/microbiologia , Helicobacter pylori/genética , Humanos , Interleucina-10/genética , Interleucina-10/imunologia , Interleucina-9/genética , Interleucinas/genética , Interleucinas/imunologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
2.
BMC Infect Dis ; 18(1): 477, 2018 Sep 24.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30249196

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae are the two common transmissible pathogens from pregnant women to their neonates. Given the lack of routine screening and treatment of pregnant women in some areas, the possibility of transmission rises. This study seeks to determine the prevalence of C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae in the pregnant women with no clinical symptoms and the vertical transmission rate to their neonates. METHODS: The study was conducted on endocervical and eye swab samples of 239 pregnant women and their neonates. Identification was based on PCR method. RESULTS: The prevalence rates of C.trachomatis in women and neonates were 37/239 (15.5%) and 28/239 (11.7%), and for N. gonorrhoeae 3/239 (1.3%), 1/239 (0.4%), respectively. The vertical transmission rates to the neonates were 28/37(75.6%) for C. trachomatis and 1/3 for N. gonorrhoeae. CONCLUSIONS: In the areas with a high prevalence of chlamydial or gonococcal infections, and in the absence of screening and treatment of the pregnant women, ocular prophylaxis with antibiotics is suggested as a part of routine neonatal care program for the prevention of chlamydial and gonococcal ophthalmia.


Assuntos
Infecções por Chlamydia/diagnóstico , Chlamydia trachomatis/isolamento & purificação , Olho/microbiologia , Gonorreia/diagnóstico , Neisseria gonorrhoeae/isolamento & purificação , Adulto , Colo do Útero/microbiologia , Infecções por Chlamydia/epidemiologia , Infecções por Chlamydia/microbiologia , Chlamydia trachomatis/genética , DNA Bacteriano/análise , DNA Bacteriano/metabolismo , Feminino , Gonorreia/epidemiologia , Gonorreia/microbiologia , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas , Irã (Geográfico)/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neisseria gonorrhoeae/genética , Gravidez , Prevalência , Adulto Jovem
3.
Med Microbiol Immunol ; 206(2): 165-174, 2017 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28214926

RESUMO

Interleukin-28B (IL-28B) is suspected to be associated with response to treatment and one of the basic immunological backgrounds in liver transplant candidate (LTC). We aimed to assess whether genotypes of IL-28B can play a role in therapeutic response or advanced stages of liver disease. A total of 364 subjects were genotyped for IL-28B rs12979860 and rs8099917 SNPs using PCR-RFLP assay. Moreover, IL-28 serum level, HCV loads, and genotype were performed. A significant increase was observed in the frequencies of unfavorable rs12979860 genotypes/CT + TT in the chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and LTC groups. In the case of rs8099917, CHC group had a significantly higher frequency of unfavorable genotypes/GT + GG compared to the healthy group. IL-28B serum level was also significantly higher in healthy group compared with the CHC and LTC groups. There were no differences in the distribution of the IL-28B genotypes and haplotypes between responder and non-responder patients. Our results suggest, for the first time, that unfavorable rs12979860 genotypes can be considered one of the important immunological backgrounds in the Iranian LTC population that was confirmed with the lower IL-28 serum level compared to healthy group. Besides, there was a possible association of favorable IL-28B genotypes with lower odds of susceptibility to CHC infection but no support for a positive association between analyzed SNPs and an outcome of therapy. Moreover, non-CT haplotypes may be regarded as a genetic risk factor that can increase the chance of infection with HCV and progression toward end-stage HCV-related liver disease.


Assuntos
Variação Genética , Hepatite C Crônica/sangue , Hepatite C Crônica/genética , Interleucinas/sangue , Interleucinas/genética , Fígado/patologia , Fígado/virologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Alelos , Biomarcadores , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Genótipo , Hepacivirus/genética , Hepatite C Crônica/diagnóstico , Hepatite C Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Interferons/uso terapêutico , Testes de Função Hepática , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Razão de Chances , Fatores de Risco , Resultado do Tratamento , Carga Viral , Adulto Jovem
4.
Helicobacter ; 22(3)2017 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27990709

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: An association exists between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), peptic ulcers, gastritis, and sometimes gastric carcinomas. Th22 cells have protective and inflammatory roles in defense against microbes. AIM: We investigated the frequencies of Th22, Tc22, Th22/17, and Tc22/17 cells in addition to the changes in levels of cytokines IL-22, IL-6, IL-23, TNF-α, IL-1ß, and TGF-ß in sera from patients with H. pylori-associated gastritis, and peptic ulcer, and in uninfected patients. METHODS: A total of 76 patients with H. pylori-associated disorders formed the studied group. Frequencies of T-cell subsets were determined by flow cytometry. Levels of cytokines IL-22, IL-6, IL-23, TNF-α, IL-1ß, and TGF-ß in the sera and supernatants of patients were measured by ELISA and flow cytometry. RESULTS: The study participants included 32 males and 44 females with a mean age of 38.5±15.3 years. We divided the infected group into peptic ulcer and gastritis (mild, moderate, active chronic, and chronic). The frequencies of Th22, Tc22, and Tc22/17 increased significantly in the peptic ulcer, moderate, active chronic, and chronic gastritis groups compared to the uninfected group. Th22/17 only increased significantly in the chronic gastritis group. We observed significant increases in IL-22 in the moderate and active chronic gastritis, IL-23 in the active chronic and chronic gastritis, and TNF-α in the peptic ulcer and moderate gastritis groups. Following in vitro antigenic stimulation, we observed significantly higher levels of IL-1ß, IL-23, and IL-6 in the active chronic gastritis group, as well as IL-6 and IL-1ß in the chronic gastritis group compared to the uninfected group. CONCLUSION: Increased Th22, Tc22, and Tc22/17 cells and IL-22 levels appear to be influential in progression and severity of H. pylori infection. Th22/17 can be an interesting therapeutic target for chronic H. pylori infections where eradication is more difficult.


Assuntos
Gastrite/fisiopatologia , Infecções por Helicobacter/fisiopatologia , Helicobacter pylori/patogenicidade , Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno , Úlcera Gástrica/fisiopatologia , Subpopulações de Linfócitos T/imunologia , Adulto , Citocinas/sangue , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Citometria de Fluxo , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem
5.
Pediatr Blood Cancer ; 64(6)2017 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27873456

RESUMO

Mutations of the IL12B and IL12RB1 genes underlie the development of IL-12 p40 and IL-12Rß1 deficiencies, respectively, both of which cause predisposition to infection with weakly virulent mycobacteria and Salmonella. Infections with other intramacrophagic organisms have only been rarely observed. We identified two patients with visceral leishmaniasis who had autosomal recessive IL-12 p40 and IL-12Rß1 deficiencies, respectively. This finding demonstrates the importance of IFN-γ immunity in the control of leishmaniasis. We also searched the literature for similar reports in patients with these and other primary immunodeficiencies.


Assuntos
Doenças Genéticas Inatas , Síndromes de Imunodeficiência , Subunidade p40 da Interleucina-12/deficiência , Leishmaniose Visceral , Receptores de Interleucina-12/deficiência , Adolescente , Criança , Feminino , Doenças Genéticas Inatas/genética , Doenças Genéticas Inatas/imunologia , Doenças Genéticas Inatas/patologia , Humanos , Síndromes de Imunodeficiência/genética , Síndromes de Imunodeficiência/imunologia , Síndromes de Imunodeficiência/patologia , Leishmaniose Visceral/genética , Leishmaniose Visceral/imunologia , Leishmaniose Visceral/patologia , Masculino
6.
Helicobacter ; 20(6): 460-75, 2015 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25908492

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Infections by Helicobacter can cause the stimulation of sophisticated immune response in mucosal immunity. Among the different lymphocytes, Th17 plays an important role in the defense against H. pylori and may cause gastritis and peptic ulcer due to the increased activation of Th17 and cytokine changes. AIM: To find a relationship between Th17 and IL-17A, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, TGF-ß in the patients with H. pylori infection having signs including gastritis and peptic ulcer. METHODS: A total of 36 samples from the patients [24 Hp+ and 12 Hp- cases] with dyspepsia symptoms were collected. The percentage of Th17 was measured by flow cytometry. The levels of Th17-associated cytokines in the sera and supernatants of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) which were stimulated with the H. pylori antigen, phytohemagglutinin (PHA), or Dynabeads were measured by ELISA. RESULTS: Patients were divided into two groups of having either H. pylori infected (peptic ulcer, gastritis (mild, moderate)) or being uninfected. The percentage of Th17 in the patients with peptic ulcer and gastritis was significantly higher than their uninfected counterparts (p ≤ .001). The serum levels of IL-17A, IL-23, and TGF-ß in the peptic ulcer and gastritis groups were significantly higher compared with the corresponding levels in the uninfected population (p < .05). A significant association of TGF-ß, IL-21, and Th17 was observed with low levels of IL-17A in the mild gastritis patients (p < .05). Significantly higher levels of IL-22, IL-17A, IL-23, and higher Th17 frequencies were detected in the moderate gastritis patients, as compared with the uninfected patients (p ≤ .001). CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that among the cytokines associated with Th17, the two cytokines of IL-21 and TGF-ß play a more critical role in peptic ulcer and gastritis in the individuals infected with H. pylori. Furthermore, inflammation varies depending on the type of the cytokine and its secreted level.


Assuntos
Citocinas/análise , Mucosa Gástrica/patologia , Gastrite/patologia , Infecções por Helicobacter/patologia , Helicobacter pylori/imunologia , Úlcera Péptica/patologia , Células Th17/imunologia , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Imunidade nas Mucosas , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
7.
Iran J Med Sci ; 40(5): 411-7, 2015 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26379347

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Appropriate diagnosis and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) play the most important role in the control of tuberculosis. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of LTBI among healthy tuberculosis unexposed children vaccinated with BCG using the tuberculin skin test (TST) and QuantiFERON TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT) and comparing the agreement between the two tests. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out between October 2009 and March 2010 in 24 schools and 11 daycare centers. A total of 967 children were divided into 15 age groups, with a minimum of 64 children per group. RESULTS: The prevalence rates of LTBI with TST were 3.8%, and 2.2% with QFT-GIT. One case was positive in TST and QFT-GIT, 20 cases were QFT-GIT positive, but TST negative and 36 cases were TST positive, but QFT-GIT negative, and finally, 910 cases were negative in both. There was poor agreement between TST and QFT-GIT (1.8%, 95%, CI: 0%-5.3%, k=0.007). The specificity of QFT-GIT in the BCG vaccinated, children aged 1-15 years old, was 97.8% (97.8%, 95% CI: 96.8%-98.8%). After three months, 2/17 (11.8%) of those initially QFT-GIT negative converted, and 10/15 (66%) of those initially QFT-GIT positive reverted. CONCLUSION: It seems that TST and QFT-GIT are not appropriate tests for the diagnosis of LTBI among healthy tuberculosis unexposed BCG vaccinated children. There was a low reproducibility rate of QFT-GIT. The cause of the the poor agreement requires further studies.

8.
J Res Med Sci ; 17(3): 212-6, 2012 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23267370

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: H. pylori is a urease positive organism, and this activity in a gastric biopsy could be considered as a proof of the presence of H. pylori. For the reasons of high price and difficult accessibility to the commercial CLO-test in Iran, we designed an affordable equivalent test with high specificity, accuracy and availability. METHODS: Biopsy samples from 80 symptomatic patients with gastrointestinal problems were included in this study. The results of our in-house made rapid urease kit were compared with the commercial CLO-test up to 3 hours and 24 hours after inoculation of the biopsy samples. Culture results and gram staining were proposed as gold standard. RESULTS: Helicobacter pylori was isolated from 36 patients (45.0%) after cultivation of biopsy samples. After 3 hours, 33 (91.6%) cases of positive samples for H. pylori, showed urease positive reaction using both, in-house made and CLO-test kits. However, 2 (5.5%) cases showed urease reaction at 24 hours using both the kits. The specificity of 100% was determined for both, in-house made and commercial CLO-test kits after 3 hours. The sensitivity for both the kits was estimated at 97.1% after 3hours. However, after 24 hours, sensitivity and specificity of 97.1% and 88.64% was estimated for the in-house and 97.2 % and 95.4% for the commercial CLO-test kits, respectively. CONCLUSION: Specificity and sensitivity of 100% and 97.1 % for up to 3 hours follow biopsy sampling, could be considered as an advantage for our in-house rapid urease kit. Moreover, the rapid urease agar media designed in our lab is cost-effective with adequate sensitivity and specificity levels for the detection of H. pylori, compared with the commercial CLO-test.

9.
Parasit Vectors ; 15(1): 215, 2022 Jun 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35715844

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Query ID="Q1" Text="Graphical abstract: As per journal requirements, graphical abstract is necessary. Kindly check and provide the same."The magnitude of the health problems caused by leishmaniasis has been a major driving factor behind the development and implementation of leishmaniasis control programs by the national authorities in Iran, with a priority for health and environmental management. Such programs are not achievable unless all of the factors leading to the infection, including the parasite's life-cycle, vectors and reservoirs, are recognized. So far in Iran, humans and rodents have been considered the principal reservoirs of Leishmania tropica and Leishmania major, respectively, both associated with cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), with domestic dogs considered to be the main reservoir for Leishmania infantum, associated with visceral leishmaniasis (VL). The role of other mammals in maintaining the Leishmania parasite has remained unclear. This study aimed to investigate Leishmania infection among livestock in endemic areas of VL and CL in Fars province, southern Iran, using serological and molecular methods. METHODS: Blood samples from 181 clinically healthy livestock, including 49 sheep, 114 goats, 16 cattle and two donkeys, were screened to detect Leishmania DNA and anti-Leishmania antibodies using qPCR (quantitative PCR) and the direct agglutination test (DAT), respectively. Four qPCR-positive samples were amplified using the internal transcribed spacer one (ITS1) primers in conventional PCR and sent for directional sequencing. RESULTS: Of the 181 livestock tested, 51 (28.2%) were infected with Leishmania, using serological and molecular methods. Anti-Leishmania antibodies were detected in 70 (38.7%) (95% confidence interval [CI]: 31.5-46.2) and Leishmania DNA in 93 (51.4%) (95% CI: 43.9-58.9) livestock. The identified Leishmania spp. were L. infantum and L. major. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of the present study show a relatively high prevalence of Leishmania infection among livestock in endemic areas of the disease, in Fars province, southern Iran. Given the large population of this group of animals and the fact that they live in the vicinity of the main reservoirs of the disease and vectors, it seems that sand flies regularly bite these animals. Further studies are needed to determine the role of livestock in the parasite's life-cycle and the epidemiology of Leishmania infection.


Assuntos
Leishmania infantum , Leishmaniose Cutânea , Leishmaniose Visceral , Animais , Bovinos , Cães , Irã (Geográfico)/epidemiologia , Leishmania infantum/genética , Leishmaniose Cutânea/diagnóstico , Leishmaniose Cutânea/epidemiologia , Leishmaniose Cutânea/veterinária , Leishmaniose Visceral/diagnóstico , Leishmaniose Visceral/epidemiologia , Leishmaniose Visceral/veterinária , Gado , Mamíferos/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Ovinos/genética
10.
J Med Virol ; 83(5): 884-8, 2011 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21412795

RESUMO

Aseptic meningitis refers to a clinical syndrome of meningeal inflammation in which bacteria cannot be identified in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The viral etiology and the epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of aseptic meningitis among children aged 2 months to 15 years in Shiraz, southern Iran were determined. From May 2007 to April 2008, 65 patients were admitted to the hospital with aseptic meningitis. Seven viruses, non-polio human enteroviruses, mumps virus, herpes simplex virus (HSV), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), human herpes virus type 6 (HHV-6), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) were investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Viruses were detected in 30 (46.2%) patients in whom non-polio human enterovirus and mumps virus were detected in 13 (43.3%) and 11 (36.7%), respectively. The remaining 6 (20%) of the cases were caused by HSV, VZV, HCMV, and HHV-6. Haemophilus influenzae and non-polio human enterovirus were detected in one patient simultaneously. Viral meningitis was found to be more frequent during spring and summer. The majority (66.6%) of the patients were treated in the hospital for 10 days and had received antibiotics in the case of bacterial meningitis. Rapid diagnosis of viral meningitis using PCR testing of CSF can help shorten hospitalization, and avoid the unnecessary use of antibiotics.


Assuntos
Meningite Viral/epidemiologia , Meningite Viral/virologia , Vírus/classificação , Vírus/isolamento & purificação , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Hospitalização , Humanos , Lactente , Irã (Geográfico)/epidemiologia , Tempo de Internação/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Meningite Viral/patologia , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Estações do Ano
11.
Trop Gastroenterol ; 32(1): 36-40, 2011.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21922854

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Isolation of H. pylori from gastric mucosal biopsy specimens is a prerequisite for further studies addressing drug susceptibility testing, analysis and characterization of virulence factors, molecular epidemiology studying or other comparative studies. In this study, we used a modified enriched culture medium with short incubation time to improve the isolation rate of H. pylori from the clinical specimens. METHODS: Between October 2008 and October 2009, 266 dyspeptic patients attending the endoscopy ward of Motahhary Clinic of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, were investigated. The biopsy samples were cultured on two selective media called M1, which we used in our previous studies, and a modified medium called M2. The cultures were kept in a microaerophilic atmosphere at 37 degrees C. The plates were inspected first on day 1, and then on daily basis for a total of 10 days. The isolates were confirmed as H. pylori by colony morphology and positive oxidase, catalase and rapid urease tests. We used the same media and culture conditions to subculture the isolates for several times. Specimens were considered to be H. pylori positive if either the culture or two of the three diagnostic methods yielded positive results. RESULTS: The isolation rate of H. pylori strains from the samples was significantly higher on M2 in comparison with M1 medium (p<0.05). The bacterial growth on M2 was observed after a significantly shorter time (p<0.05), i.e., after incubation for about 24 hrs. Following these procedures, the preservation time could be extended beyond 6 months without a significant loss of viability. CONCLUSION: The modified culture technique enabled a shorter incubation time and a higher isolation rate for H.pylori obtained from clinical samples.


Assuntos
Infecções por Helicobacter/microbiologia , Helicobacter pylori/isolamento & purificação , Preservação Biológica/métodos , Biópsia , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Feminino , Humanos , Irã (Geográfico) , Masculino
12.
Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal ; 16(7): e1031-5, 2011 Nov 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21743419

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To test the antimicrobial sensitivity of Porphyromonas gingivalis to a panel of eight orally administrable antibiotics in chronic periodontal diseases and to evaluate factors associated with periodontitis in adult patients. STUDY DESIGN: A total of fifty strains of P. gingivalis were isolated from one hundred and twenty adult patients with chronic perio-dontitis. Identification of bacteria was carried out by anaerobic culture and biochemical tests. Selected colonies of P. gingivalis were used to evaluate the antibacterial activities of penicillin, metronidazole, amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, clindamycin, doxy-cycline, ciprofloxacin and azithromycin. RESULTS: Most of the patients were female, age ranging between 40 to 50 years. Majority of the patients frequently had scaling and depths of periodontal pockets in infected teeth were 5-8 mm and most of them had hemorrhage during sampling. Susceptibility testing revealed a sensitivity of 100% of P. gingivalis to azithromycin, doxycycline and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid but lower susceptibilities were found for the rest of antibiotic agents evaluated. CONCLUSIONS: Frequent scaling in women aged between 40-50 years had positive correlation with chronic periodontitis. The application of antibiotics in conjuction with mechanical debridation, may reflect in the level of resistance of P. gingivalis in patients with chronic periodontal infections. This could suggest periodical antibiotic susceptibility testing is necessary to determine the efficacy of antimicrobial agents if the perfect curing of chronic periodontal diseases after mechanical debridation is meant. Further clinical studies are required to confirm the in vitro results. The only limitation in this study was identification of bacteria to species rather than subspecies level.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Periodontite/microbiologia , Porphyromonas gingivalis/efeitos dos fármacos , Administração Oral , Adulto , Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Doença Crônica , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Periodontite/tratamento farmacológico , Porphyromonas gingivalis/isolamento & purificação
13.
Int Ophthalmol ; 31(4): 291-6, 2011 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21750945

RESUMO

The incidence of fungal keratitis has increased in recent years. Since accurate and rapid diagnosis is important for the proper management of this infection, we evaluated the use of nested PCR to detect Aspergillus-specific DNA in corneal scrapings for the diagnosis of Aspergillus keratitis. From April 2005 to September 2008, patients with eye findings suspicious for fungal keratitis were enrolled for corneal sampling. After ocular examination, we carried out laboratory testing including direct microscopy and culture examination of corneal scrapings, nested PCR and histopathological examination of the corneal tissues obtained at surgery. Of the 57 infected eyes suspicious for fungal keratitis, 32 (56.14%) were reported as Aspergillus keratitis by PCR assay, from which 12 (37.5%) were positive in culture and direct smear for Aspergillus keratitis, and 20 (62.5%) had clinical signs of fungal keratitis (probable). All PCR-positive cases were judged to have fungal infections, based on their responses to the antifungal treatment. The use of molecular methods in high-risk patients can be helpful in diagnosis of fungal infections and can have important public health implications for both the treatment and prevention of suppurative corneal ulcerations. The significance of this study lies in the analysis of the proven cases in terms of both laboratory findings and responses to the treatment.


Assuntos
Aspergillus/genética , Córnea/microbiologia , DNA Fúngico/análise , Infecções Oculares Fúngicas/diagnóstico , Ceratite/diagnóstico , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Aspergillus/isolamento & purificação , Criança , Córnea/patologia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Infecções Oculares Fúngicas/metabolismo , Infecções Oculares Fúngicas/microbiologia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Ceratite/metabolismo , Ceratite/microbiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Adulto Jovem
14.
Ophthalmic Res ; 44(4): 251-6, 2010.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20699629

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: This study seeks to evaluate the efficacy and practicality of the molecular method, compared to the standard microbiological techniques for diagnosing fungal keratitis (FK). METHODS: Patients with eye findings suspected of FK were enrolled for cornea sampling. Scrapings from the affected areas of the infected corneas were obtained and were divided into two parts: one for smears and cultures, and the other for nested PCR analysis. RESULTS: Of the 38 eyes, 28 were judged to have fungal infections based on clinical and positive findings in the culture, smear and responses to antifungal treatment. Potassium hydroxide, Gram staining, culture and nested PCR results (either positive or negative) matched in 76.3, 42.1, 68.4 and 81.6%, respectively. CONCLUSION: PCR is a sensitive method but due to the lack of sophisticated facilities in routine laboratory procedures, it can serve only complementarily and cannot replace conventional methods.


Assuntos
Técnicas Bacteriológicas , Úlcera da Córnea/diagnóstico , Infecções Oculares Fúngicas/diagnóstico , Fungos/citologia , Fungos/genética , Violeta Genciana , Fenazinas , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Aspergillus fumigatus/citologia , Aspergillus fumigatus/genética , Candida albicans/citologia , Candida albicans/genética , Criança , Úlcera da Córnea/microbiologia , DNA Fúngico/análise , Infecções Oculares Fúngicas/microbiologia , Feminino , Fusarium/citologia , Fusarium/genética , Humanos , Hidróxidos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Compostos de Potássio , Coloração e Rotulagem , Adulto Jovem
15.
Braz J Microbiol ; 41(3): 567-73, 2010 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24031530

RESUMO

Nosocomial infections caused by methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRSA) pose a serious problem in many countries. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial susceptibility patterns of methicillin sensitive and resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from the hospitalized patients. Totally 356 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) including 200, 137 and 19 corresponding to MSSA, MRSA, and intermediate MRSA strains, respectively were isolated. Antibacterial susceptibility patterns of the isolates to 14 antibiotics were examined using Kirby-Bauer method. MICs of 15 antibiotics to 156 MRSA isolates were determined by E test method. Cross-resistances of MRSA isolates (137+19) to the other tested antibiotics were also determined. S.aureus with high frequencies were isolated from the blood, sputum and deep wound samples. All of 200 MSSA isolates were sensitive to oxacillin, vancomycin, tecoplanin, rifampin, linezolid, quinupristin/dalfopristin, mupirocin and fusidic acid. A gradient of reduced susceptibility of MSSA to cephalexin, co-trimoxazole, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, tetracycline, erythromycin and gentamicin were evident. MRSA isolates were sensitive to vancomycin, tecoplanin, linezolid, quinupristin/dalfopristin, mupirocin and fusidic acid, while reduced susceptibility of them to rifampin, co-trimoxazole, clindamycin, cephalexin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin and gentamicin were observed. MRSA isolates exhibited a high range of cross-resistance to the eight tested antibiotics. Overall, co-trimoxazole, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, tetracycline, erythromycin and gentamicin showed low activity against MSSA and MRSA isolates which may indicate they are not suitable to be used in clinical practices. To preserve the effectiveness of antibiotics, rational prescription and concomitant application of preventive measures against the spread of MRSA are recommended.

16.
Arch Iran Med ; 23(10): 665-671, 2020 10 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33107307

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The childhood period is considered to be the primary period for acquisition of the Helicobacter pylori. The high prevalence rates from developing countries are associated with gastric cancer. A decreasing trend of its prevalence has been reported from different parts of the world. Determining the prevalence rate could be important in choosing preventive strategies. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of H. pylori among a group of children from southern Iran to provide an update on the current status of the disease. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional population-based study conducted in Shiraz, southern Iran, from January 2014 to December 2015. Four groups including neonates, children aged 6 months to 3 years, 10- and 15-year-old children were included. Multi-monoclonal stool antibody test was used for diagnosis. RESULTS: Among 436 participants, 24.8% (95% CI: 20.8-29.1) had a positive test for H. pylori: 25% in neonates (95% CI: 16.2-36.1), 22% in children aged 6 months to 3 years (95% CI: 15.2-30.2), 19.5% in the 10-year-old (95% CI: 12.3-29.4), and 29.2% in 15-year-old children (95% CI: 21-39). Sex, age, number of siblings, owning a pet, parents' smoking status, parental education, residential area, birth weight, and feeding status were not found to be statistically significant predictors of H. pylori antigen positivity (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of H. pylori was estimated to be low in southern Iran in comparison with previous reports or other developing countries. Preventive strategies with respect to low prevalence rates may be considered in the childhood period.


Assuntos
Infecções por Helicobacter/epidemiologia , Helicobacter pylori/isolamento & purificação , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Fezes/microbiologia , Feminino , Infecções por Helicobacter/microbiologia , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Irã (Geográfico)/epidemiologia , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco
17.
J Med Microbiol ; 58(Pt 2): 192-195, 2009 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19141736

RESUMO

The prevalence of Aspergillus endocarditis (AE) is increasing in the hospital population. Aspergillus species contribute to approximately 25 % of all cases of fungal endocarditis. This study is a descriptive report of the use of nested PCR to detect DNA specific for Aspergillus species in serum for the diagnosis of cardiac infections. Open heart surgery was performed on patients and collected samples were examined microscopically and cultured. Ten sera in total from five patients were extracted for Aspergillus DNA and nested PCR with Aspergillus species primers was carried out. The lowest limit of detection for the PCR assay was 1 c.f.u. (ml serum) (-1). The PCR was positive in three patients. Culture of valvular tissue confirmed the growth of Aspergillus fumigatus in one patient and Aspergillus niger in two patients. In this study we have demonstrated the presence of invasive aspergillosis in patients who had undergone open heart surgery and the usefulness of a molecular assay for the diagnosis of AE.


Assuntos
Aspergilose/diagnóstico , Aspergillus/isolamento & purificação , DNA Fúngico/genética , Endocardite/microbiologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/microbiologia , Cirurgia Torácica , Adulto , Aspergilose/microbiologia , Aspergillus/genética , Primers do DNA/genética , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Soro/microbiologia
18.
Bioorg Med Chem ; 17(4): 1579-86, 2009 Feb 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19162489

RESUMO

Tuberculosis is a leading infectious cause of death worldwide. Because of the concern of the resistance to most of the commonly used drugs displayed by the considered mycobacteria, most efforts have been done to introduce new anti-tubercular agents. Recent studies showed that 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarbamoyl derivatives with lipophilic groups have significant anti-tubercular activity. In this study, we synthesized new derivatives of 1,4-dihydropyridines in which different alkyl and aryl esters and diethyl carbamoyl are substituted in C-3 and C-5 of the DHP ring. In addition nitroimidazole ring is substitutes at C-4 position. These asymmetric analogues were synthesized by a modified Hantzsh reaction using procedure reported by Meyer. The in vitro anti-tubercular activity of compounds against Mycobacterium tuberculosis was evaluated. The results indicate that the compounds containing aromatic esters are more potent than alkyl ones. The most potent aromatic compound (R=3-phenylpropyl) exhibits comparable anti-tubercular activity (MIC=1 micromol/ml) with reference compound isoniazide (INH) (MIC=1 micromol/ml). Conformational analysis, SAR studies of these compounds showed that increasing in lipophilicity and rotable bonds of these compounds resulted in increasing anti-tubercular activity.


Assuntos
Antituberculosos/síntese química , Antituberculosos/farmacologia , Di-Hidropiridinas/síntese química , Di-Hidropiridinas/farmacologia , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/efeitos dos fármacos , Antituberculosos/química , Di-Hidropiridinas/química , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Modelos Moleculares , Conformação Molecular , Relação Estrutura-Atividade
19.
Pediatr Transplant ; 13(7): 820-2, 2009 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19413722

RESUMO

Infection is a recognized and potentially serious complication in children following solid organ transplantation. This problem is particularly important for young children undergoing any organ transplantation who often have not completed standard childhood immunizations at the time of transplantation and who are therefore at risk for vaccine-preventable infections. To evaluate the vaccination status in liver transplant candidates, vaccination charts of 100 patients who were referred to Organ Transplant Center of Nemazee Hospital were reviewed and the vaccination status considered appropriate according to the recommendation of NIP and the patients' age. Fifty-eight percent of patients were completely vaccinated for HBV, 85% for OPV, 97% for BCG, 63% for DTP, and 58% of the patients were completely vaccinated for MMR. We concluded that the vaccination charts should be periodically reviewed and updated to prevent the vaccine-preventable disease in liver transplant candidates not only before but also after transplant. Every effort should be made to assure that candidates are immunized early in the course of their disease. Also it may be indicated to recommend a special guideline for immunization of liver transplant candidates and add other vaccines such as Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae vaccine to their vaccination program.


Assuntos
Vacinas contra Influenza/administração & dosagem , Transplante de Fígado/métodos , Vacinas Estreptocócicas/administração & dosagem , Vacinação , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Influenza Humana/prevenção & controle , Hepatopatias/complicações , Hepatopatias/terapia , Masculino , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/prevenção & controle , Infecções Estreptocócicas/prevenção & controle
20.
Med Sci Monit ; 15(6): CR290-3, 2009 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19478699

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Pentavalent antimonials are among the first-line drugs for treating visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Acute pancreatitis is a rare toxic adverse effect of therapy with antimonial compounds in adults. This study evaluated the effect of maglumine antimoniate on the pancreas in children treated for VL. MATERIAL/METHODS: A prospective study was conducted on 20 children with VL who were treated with 20 mg/kg/day maglumine antimoniate until one week after defervescence. No patient had immunosuppression caused by HIV infection, renal transplantation, or drugs. Serum levels of amylase and lipase were measured at baseline and after 2, 4, 6, 9, and12 days of therapy. RESULTS: During therapy, all cases had normal serum levels of amylase except for one. Serum lipase levels rose to abnormal levels in five patients, two of whom had minimally (i.e. <20% above the upper limit of normal) elevated serum lipase levels at pretreatment. All the five cases had normal serum amylase levels. There were no clinical signs or symptoms of pancreatitis in the patients. CONCLUSIONS: It may be concluded that acute pancreatitis or hyperamylasemia are not potential complications with this therapeutic regime among immunocompetent children with VL and that routine monitoring of these patients for serum amylase and lipase levels is not necessary.


Assuntos
Antiprotozoários/efeitos adversos , Antiprotozoários/uso terapêutico , Leishmaniose Visceral/tratamento farmacológico , Meglumina/efeitos adversos , Meglumina/uso terapêutico , Compostos Organometálicos/efeitos adversos , Compostos Organometálicos/uso terapêutico , Pâncreas/efeitos dos fármacos , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Antimoniato de Meglumina
SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA