Systematic review on the frequency and quality of reporting patient and public involvement in patient safety research.

BACKGROUND: In recent years, patient and public involvement (PPI) in research has significantly increased; however, the reporting of PPI remains poor. The Guidance for Reporting Involvement of Patients and the Public (GRIPP2) was developed to enhance the quality and consistency of PPI reporting. The objective of this systematic review is to identify the frequency and quality of PPI reporting in patient safety (PS) research using the GRIPP2 checklist. METHODS: Searches were performed in Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL from 2018 to December, 2023. Studies on PPI in PS research were included. We included empirical qualitative, quantitative, mixed methods, and case studies. Only articles published in peer-reviewed journals in English were included. The quality of PPI reporting was assessed using the short form of the (GRIPP2-SF) checklist. RESULTS: A total of 8561 studies were retrieved from database searches, updates, and reference checks, of which 82 met the eligibility criteria and were included in this review. Major PS topics were related to medication safety, general PS, and fall prevention. Patient representatives, advocates, patient advisory groups, patients, service users, and health consumers were the most involved. The main involvement across the studies was in commenting on or developing research materials. Only 6.1% (n = 5) of the studies reported PPI as per the GRIPP2 checklist. Regarding the quality of reporting following the GRIPP2-SF criteria, our findings show sub-optimal reporting mainly due to failures in: critically reflecting on PPI in the study; reporting the aim of PPI in the study; and reporting the extent to which PPI influenced the study overall. CONCLUSIONS: Our review shows a low frequency of PPI reporting in PS research using the GRIPP2 checklist. Furthermore, it reveals a sub-optimal quality in PPI reporting following GRIPP2-SF items. Researchers, funders, publishers, and journals need to promote consistent and transparent PPI reporting following internationally developed reporting guidelines such as the GRIPP2. Evidence-based guidelines for reporting PPI should be encouraged and supported as it helps future researchers to plan and report PPI more effectively. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The review protocol is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023450715).

Assessing an active distracting technique during primary mandibular molar pulpotomy (randomized controlled trial).

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of two different distraction techniques (Audio Video Distraction/Video Game Distraction) in the management of anxious pediatric patients during dental treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and five children were randomly divided into three groups; Group A: active distraction using video games on a tablet device and wireless joystick (VG). Group B: passive distraction using video on tablet, and wireless headphones (AV). Group C (Control group): basic behavior guidance technique Tell Show Do was used (C). The children were selected from the department of pediatric dentistry at the Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University, who required pulpotomy in primary mandibular molars. All children were assessed by: Simplified Wong-Baker FACES for pain scale (self-report), and "HOUPT" Behavior Rating Scale for Overall Behavior (non-self-report), at the end of treatment. RESULTS: One hundred and five children completed the study (57 boys and 48 girls) aged between 6 and 10 years (mean age of 7.4 years). The active distraction (VG) group was superior to the passive distraction (AV) group and the control group (C) on the pain scale with statistically significant differences as appeared in Simplified Wong-Baker Scale (p = .000), The active distraction (VG) group was superior to the control group (C) in overall behavior as appeared in HOUPT scale (p = .041), but it was no statistically significant differences between (VG) group and (AV) group in overall behavior (p = .605). With the use of Bluetooth technology and wireless devices, the workspace was comfortable for the dentist and did not interfere with the movement of his hands. CONCLUSION: Positive distraction with video games by wireless joystick displayed on the portable tablet on the dental chair was the best technique for reducing dental anxiety and reported pain in school children (6-10 years) and was better than negative distraction by video cartoons on the tablet device.

Evaluation of the effect of injectable platelet-rich fibrin (I-PRF) in reducing the resorption of fat graft during facial lipostructure: A randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Fat graft is considered to be the ideal material for soft tissue augmentation. However, its disadvantage are unpredictable outcomes due to variable resorption. OBJECTIVES: This study is the first clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of adding injectable platelet-rich fibrin (I-PRF) to fat graft and to compare it with the conventional fat graft in terms of absorption rate. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was designed as a double-blind, split-face, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Twenty patients were randomly assigned with regard to the right or left nasolabial folds into 2 groups (n = 10 in each group): group A (fat graft only); and group B (fat graft with I-PRF). Surgical lipostructure was performed in accordance with the protocols described by Coleman. The adipose tissue was extracted from the umbilical region. Then, for the I-PRF preparation, peripheral venous blood was collected into plastic tubes. The follow-up recall visits took place after 1 and 12 months. Five investigators evaluated the preand post-surgical intervention photographs based on the Modified Fitzpatrick Wrinkle Scale (MFWS). RESULTS: The nasolabial fold depth scores were recorded at each of the study phases: before the intervention (1); after 1 month (2); and after 12 months (3). There were statistically significant differences between the scores at various study phases in each group. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to detect differences between the 2 groups. There was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups regarding nasolabial fold depth 1 month after the intervention (p = 0.360). After 12 months, however, the patients in group A showed higher nasolabial fold depth scores as compared to group B; this difference was statistically significant (p = 0.000). CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrated the efficacy of I-PRF in reducing the resorption of fat graft, following facial lipostructure.

Efficacy of hydrophilic resin-based sealant: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: This meta-analysis review aims to answer two questions: 1) What is the effectiveness of hydrophilic resin-based sealant (RBS) in preventing/arresting pits and fissures caries in permanent teeth, and 2) What is the retention rate of a hydrophilic RBS as compared to alternative treatments. DATA: Randomized control trials investigating the efficacy of hydrophilic RBS compared to any other (placebo) treatment for permanent teeth. Outcomes were retention rate and caries prevention/arresting. SOURCES: A systematic search for eligible studies was conducted on six electronic databases (Scopus, Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, Cochrane; Web of Science, PubMed) from inception to March 2021. The Cochrane guidelines were used to classify the risk of bias. STUDY SELECTION/RESULTS: A systematic literature search resulted in 290 studies. Thirteen articles met our inclusion criteria and were included in the systematic review. Six articles were identified as good or fair quality and were included in the quantitative analysis. Meta-analysis results indicated that there is no significant difference in retention (RR 1.01, 95% CI:0.96-1.07, P-value 0.66), (RR 1.03, 95% CI: 0.89-1.19, P-value 0.0009) at six and twelve months, respectively. Likewise, for caries prevention there is no significant difference (RR 0.97, 95% CI: 0.91-1.03, P-value 0.19), (RR 0.30, 95% CI: 0.91-1.03, P-value 0.30) at six and twelve months. CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis showed no statistically significant difference between the hydrophilic RBS and alternative treatment options (such as conventional resin or glass ionomer) regarding retention or caries prevention at six- and twelve-month follow-up. Future studies are required to investigate longer-term outcomes.

Retention and remineralization effect of moisture tolerant resin-based sealant and glass ionomer sealant on non-cavitated pit and fissure caries: Randomized controlled clinical trial.

INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVES: Pit and fissure sealants are an essential part of preventive dentistry and should be adopted as a crucial part of the minimally invasive dentistry due to their profound benefit to our patients. METHODS: The study design is a single-blind, split-mouth, randomized controlled clinical trial. Forty patients between age 6-9 were selected. First permanent molars' occlusal surfaces with scores of 1, or 2 according to the International Caries Detection and Assessment System II (ICDAS II) and with scores between 14-30 by using DIAGNOdent device (Kavo®, Biberach, Germany) were selected and readings recorded. One side of the mouth was randomly chosen to have either the moisture tolerant resin sealant or the glass ionomer sealant placed, and then the second material was placed on the other side. The retention of these materials was analyzed at 3 and 6 months. The sealants were then removed and DIAGNOdent readings were subsequently taken. RESULTS: After three months, full retention was found in 38/40 (95%) teeth in Group A (Embrace™ WetBond™) and 35/40 (87.5%) teeth in Group B (Fuji TRIAGE®). Additionally, no sealant suffered a total loss in group A, whereas, three sealants were totally lost (7.5%) in group B. The difference in sealant retention in two groups in this period was not found to be statistically significant (P >  0.05). At six months, full retention was found in Group A 34/40 (85%) and 25/40 (62.5%) in Group B. Also, the partial loss in Group A was 2/40 (5%) whereas in Group B 7/40 (17.5%). Also, the total loss was 4/40 (10%) and 8/40 (20%) in Group A and B, respectively. The difference in sealant retention in two groups after six months follow-up was found statistically significant (P < 0.05). The initial mean values of DIAGNOdent readings were 22.42 and 22.8 in Group A and Group B, respectively. After six months, DIAGNOdent mean values revealed a drop in both groups, and this difference was statistically significant. Nevertheless, when Group A was compared to Group B in terms of remineralization effect, the differences were found not to be statistically significant (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitation of this study, we affirmed that occlusal caries lesions, which is restrictive to enamel and in need of surgical intervention, can be arrested clinically by sealing the lesion with both a hydrophilic resin sealant and glass ionomer sealant materials. Embrace™ WetBond™ showed superiority over the glass ionomer sealant tested in retention after six months follow up.