[Type 2 diabetes and the elderly : a real problem]. / Diabète de type 2 et le sujet âgé : une réelle problématique.

Type 2 diabetes in the elderly remains a major concern for all healthcare professionals, this disease being considered a real global «pandemic¼. Its prevalence is high and will continue to increase in the years to come, becoming significant in the elderly and the very old. We offer you a general summary and a focus on diabetes in the elderly with the GERODIAB study.

Le diabète de type 2 chez le sujet âgé reste une préoccupation majeure pour l'ensemble des professionnels de santé, cette maladie étant elle-même considérée comme une réelle «pandémie¼ mondiale. Sa prévalence est élevée et continuera de s'accroître dans les années à venir, devenant prégnante chez le sujet âgé et très âgé. Nous proposons ici une synthèse générale et un focus sur le diabète du sujet âgé avec l'étude GERODIAB.

[Diabetes and frailty in the elderly. A prospective study of an outpatient population supported by general practitioners]. / Diabète et fragilité chez la personne âgée. Etude prospective d'une population ambulatoire prise en charge en Médecine générale.

INTRODUCTION: Elderly people with diabetes represent a large and growing part of the general practitioners patient database, but their state of frailty compared to the non-diabetic population is poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between diabetes and frailty in people aged 65 and over in primary care. METHOD: Frailty syndrome was assessed by the Fried Scale and compared between populations of diabetic and non-diabetic patients; 268 patients were studied, including 129 diabetic patients. RESULTS: Frailty was found in 27.9 % of older diabetic patients. The observed mean Fried score was 1.76 in people with diabetes versus 1.39 in non-diabetics, with more frail diabetic subjects (p = 0.007). In this study, HbA1c levels showed no significant association to frailty. CONCLUSION: Larger studies in several general practice clinics should be performed on subjects over 65 years of age with or without diabetes.

INTRODUCTION: Les personnes âgées diabétiques représentent une part importante et croissante de la patientèle des médecins généralistes, mais leur état de fragilité par rapport à la population non diabétique est mal connu. Objectif : Etudier les relations entre diabète et fragilité chez la personne âgée de 65 ans et plus en médecine générale. Méthode : La fragilité a été évaluée par l'échelle de Fried et comparée entre les populations de patients diabétiques et non diabétiques; 268 patients ont été inclus dont 129 patients diabétiques. Résultats : La fragilité concernait 27,9 % des diabétiques. Le score de Fried moyen observé était de 1,76 chez les personnes diabétiques versus 1,39 chez les non-diabétiques, avec des sujets diabétiques plus fragiles (p = 0,007). Dans cette étude, le taux d'HbA1c n'est pas significativement associé à la fragilité. CONCLUSION: Des études de plus grande ampleur sur plusieurs sites ambulatoires devraient être réalisées en médecine générale chez les sujets âgés de plus de 65 ans, diabétiques ou non.

X-ray diagnosis of the pressure induced Mott nonmetal-metal transition.

The evolution of the K-edge x-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) spectrum is investigated for an aluminum plasma expanding from the solid density down to 0.5 g/cm{3}, with temperatures lying from 5 down to 2 eV. The dense plasma is generated by nanosecond laser-induced shock compression. These conditions correspond to the density-temperature region where a metal-nonmetal transition occurs as the density decreases. This transition is directly observed in XANES spectra measurements through the progressive formation of a preedge structure for densities around 1.6 g/cm{3}. Ab initio calculations based on density functional theory and a jellium model have been efficiently tested through direct comparison with the experimental measurements and show that this preedge corresponds to the relocalization of the 3p atomic orbital as the system evolves from a dense plasma toward a partially ionized atomic fluid.

Electronic structure investigation of highly compressed aluminum with K edge absorption spectroscopy.

The electronic structure evolution of highly compressed aluminum has been investigated using time resolved K edge x-ray absorption spectroscopy. A long laser pulse (500 ps, I(L)≈8×10(13) W/cm(2)) was used to create a uniform shock. A second ps pulse (I(L)≈10(17) W/cm(2)) generated an ultrashort broadband x-ray source near the Al K edge. The main target was designed to probe aluminum at reshocked conditions up to now unexplored (3 times the solid density and temperatures around 8 eV). The hydrodynamical conditions were obtained using rear side visible diagnostics. Data were compared to ab initio and dense plasma calculations, indicating potential improvements in either description. This comparison shows that x-ray-absorption near-edge structure measurements provide a unique capability to probe matter at these extreme conditions and severally constrains theoretical approaches currently used.

Erecta dislocation of the shoulder joint-A rare injury: About four cases.

A nonresolving axillary nerve injury is a rare associated complication to an inferior dislocation of the shoulder joint. This worsen the midterm outcome of the shoulder. So, neurovascular status must be checked by regular clinical testing and by an electromyography in all cases of inferior dislocation of the shoulder joint.