Multi-release software model based on testing coverage incorporating random effect (SDE).

In the past, various Software Reliability Growth Models (SRGMs) have been proposed using different parameters to improve software worthiness. Testing Coverage is one such parameter that has been studied in numerous models of software in the past and it has proved its influence on the reliability models. To sustain themselves in the market, software firms keep upgrading their software with new features or enhancements by rectifying previously reported faults. Also, there is an impact of the random effect on testing coverage during both the testing and operational phase. In this paper, we have proposed a Software reliability growth model based on testing coverage with random effect along with imperfect debugging. Later, the multi-release problem is presented for the proposed model. The proposed model is validated on the dataset from Tandem Computers. The results for each release of the models have been discussed based on the different performance criteria. The numerical results illustrate that models fit the failure data significantly.•The random effect in the testing coverage rate is handled using Stochastic Differential Equations (SDE).•Three testing coverage functions used are Exponential, Weibull, and S-shaped.•Four Releases of the software model has been presented.

Rouviere's Sulcus Analysis: A Critical Safety Analysis and a Guide to Safe Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.

INTRODUCTION: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is the most frequent surgical operation in general surgery. The focus of recent research has been on improving the procedure's safety. Over 80% of healthy livers have Rouviere's sulcus (RVS), which is a natural notch in the right lobe that is present in proximity to the confluence of the bile duct. It is frequently considered an important component of safety during LC. RVS demarcates the area of the common bile duct (CBD) from the liver bed for the gall bladder. This research intends to evaluate the frequency, its relation to CBD, and the critical view of safety (CVS) during LC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An observational study was performed in a cohort of 50 patients listed for LC between September 2021 and September 2022. The presence of RVS was confirmed after liver retraction and dissection commenced. After the creation of CVS, its relationship with CBD was documented. Additionally, the position of the cystic lymph node was also documented during the dissection. RESULTS: The findings of this study revealed that out of 50 patients, only 40 (80%) had RVS. However, cystic lymph nodes were present more frequently in 48 (96%) patients. CVS was achieved in all the patients, and it revealed the presence of RVS above the cystic duct-CBD junction in 37 (74%), at the level of the junction in 11 (22%), and in two (4%) where the junction could not be demarcated. CONCLUSION: RVS is a reliable marker to dissect laterally to CBD while doing LC, which does not require any dissection and can be appreciated early during the procedure. However, its presence along with the cystic lymph node gives a better anatomical understanding of the area of CBD, thereby assisting in conducting the procedure safely.