[Implementation and operation of protected residences for people with serious mental illness in Iquitos, Peru (2013-2016)Implementação e funcionamento de residências terapêuticas para pessoas com transtornos mentais graves em Iquitos, Peru (2013-2016)]. / Implementación y funcionamiento de hogares protegidos para personas con trastornos mentales graves en Iquitos, Perú (2013-2016).

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the implementation and operation of protected residences for people with serious mental illness in Iquitos, based on the benefits and perceived improvement in their quality of life. METHODS: Qualitative and cross-cutting study. Thirty-six in-depth interviews of residents, caregivers, neighbors, and health professionals were conducted. A sociodemographic and clinical file was completed for each resident, along with a file on managerial processes for each facility. Focus groups were conducted with managers and caregivers. RESULTS: Residents' previous length of stay in a psychiatric hospital was 7 years and 3 months. Only 28 % had suffered a clinical relapse in the past year. Residents reported an improvement in their quality of life and greater satisfaction with their stay in the facility compared with their stay in the psychiatric hospital. The residences evaluated are located in areas accessible to social and community services, with adequate access to transportation. Periodic supervision of caregivers, infrastructure, and residence maintenance was performed. CONCLUSIONS: Caregivers, managers, residents, and neighbors have a positive view of residence operations.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o processo de implementação e funcionamento de residências terapêuticas ("pensões protegidas") para pessoas portadoras de transtornos mentais graves segundo a percepção de benefício e melhoria da qualidade de vida. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo transversal qualitativo realizado em Iquitos, no Peru. Trinta e seis entrevistas em profundidade foram conduzidas com os moradores de residências terapêuticas, cuidadores, vizinhos e profissionais de saúde. Foi feito o preenchimento de uma ficha sociodemográfica e clínica para cada morador e uma ficha do processo de gestão por residência. Foram realizados grupos de discussão com gestores e cuidadores. RESULTADOS: A permanência prolongada anterior em instituição manicomial dos moradores das residências foi de 7 anos e 3 meses. Apenas 28% tiveram recaída clínica no último ano. Os moradores perceberam melhoria da qualidade de vida e informaram um nível maior de satisfação com a permanência nas residências terapêuticas em comparação à permanência anterior em instituição manicomial. As residências estudadas se situavam em locais acessíveis aos funcionários dos serviços sociais e comunitários, com acesso adequado ao transporte público. O trabalho dos cuidadores e a infraestrutura e manutenção das residências receberam supervisão periódica. CONCLUSÕES: O funcionamento das residências terapêuticas é percebido favoravelmente por cuidadores, gestores, moradores e vizinhos.

Computed tomography angiography of lower extremities in the emergency room for evaluation of patients with gunshot wounds.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the role of CT angiography in the evaluation of patients with lower extremity gunshot wounds in the emergency room. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty patients (73 male, 7 female, mean age 26 years) underwent CT angiography for the evaluation of lower extremity gunshot injuries. Imaging was conducted on the basis of standardized protocols utilizing 16-slice and 64-slice multidetector systems and images were qualitatively graded and assessed for various forms of arterial injury. RESULTS: CT angiography findings indicative of arterial injury were observed in 24 patients (30%) and a total of 43 arterial injuries were noted; the most common form was focal narrowing/spasm (n = 16, 37.2%); the most common artery involved was the superficial femoral artery (n = 12, 50%). In qualitative assessment of images based on a 4-point grading system, both readers considered CT angiography diagnostically excellent (grade 4) in most cases. Surgical findings were consistent with CT angiography and follow-up of patients' medical records showed no arterial injuries in patients with normal findings on initial imaging. CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrate that CT angiography is an effective imaging modality for evaluation of lower extremity gunshot wounds and could help limit more invasive procedures such as catheter angiography to a select group of patients. KEY POINTS: • CT angiography efficiently evaluates lower extremity gunshot wounds. • CT angiography provides image quality sufficiently reliable for assessment of gunshot injuries. • CT angiography could help limit invasive procedures to select patients.

Seatbelt Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Variant of Internal Brace in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction With an Adjustable Loop.

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in primary anterior cruciate ligament repair with the help of mechanical reinforcement techniques that employ synthetic grafting. The concept of ligament augmentation with reinforcement suture or internal bracing consists of stabilizing the repaired ligament and augmenting it with an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene suture or tape, which guarantees greater resistance, safety during healing, and a more accelerated rehabilitation. In this work, we propose a variant of anterior cruciate ligament augmentation with suture, replacing the suture tape with an adjustable-loop reinforcement system, which is connected to the adjustable suspension devices for the graft in the femur and the tibia, surrounding the graft as a seatbelt.

Fast Arthroscopic Biceps Tenodesis Without Penetrating Grasper.

Long head of the biceps pathology is a common cause of shoulder pain and dysfunction. Surgical treatment can be either a tenotomy or a tenodesis. Long-term results may be similar in both surgical techniques; however, the latest systematic reviews indicate that tenodesis offers superior clinical and functional results in young patients and athletes. Considering the favorable results with the biceps tenodesis, we present this arthroscopic tenodesis in which the long head of the biceps is fixed in the bicipital groove with an all-suture anchor passed directly through the tendon, providing a stable and fast fixation without using penetrating grasper.

New Variants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa High-Risk Clone ST233 Associated with an Outbreak in a Mexican Paediatric Hospital.

Recent multidrug resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa has favoured the adaptation and dissemination of worldwide high-risk strains. In June 2018, 15 P. aeruginosa strains isolated from patients and a contaminated multi-dose meropenem vial were characterized to assess their association to an outbreak in a Mexican paediatric hospital. The strains were characterized by antibiotic susceptibility profiling, virulence factors' production, and biofilm formation. The clonal relationship among isolates was determined with pulse-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) sequencing. Repressor genes for the MexAB-OprM efflux pump were sequenced for haplotype identification. Of the strains, 60% were profiled as extensively drug-resistant (XDR), 33% as multidrug-resistant (MDR), and 6.6% were classified as sensitive (S). All strains presented intermediate resistance to colistin, and 80% were sensitive to aztreonam. Pyoverdine was the most produced virulence factor. The PFGE technique was performed for the identification of the outbreak, revealing eight strains with the same electrophoretic pattern. ST235 and ten new sequence types (STs) were identified, all closely related to ST233. ST3241 predominated in 26.66% of the strains. Twenty-five synonymous and seventeen nonsynonymous substitutions were identified in the regulatory genes of the MexAB-OprM efflux pump, and nalC was the most variable gene. Six different haplotypes were identified. Strains from the outbreak were metallo-ß-lactamases and phylogenetically related to the high-risk clone ST233.

Lessons From Rural Peru in Integrating Mental Health Into Primary Care.

Peru secured a legislative advance for mental health care with a 2012 law mandating that mental health services be available in primary care. One of the main challenges faced by this reform is implementation in remote regions. This column describes a pilot project in Peru that took place from 2010 to 2014 to develop capacity for including mental health services in primary care in one of the most isolated, high-needs regions of the country. The authors describe use of accompaniment-based training and supervision of clinicians and comprehensive, engaged regional partnerships formed to increase the impact and sustainability of the service expansion.

Prevalence of coronary artery disease evaluated by coronary CT angiography in women with mammographically detected breast arterial calcifications.

To assess the correlation between breast arterial calcifications (BAC) on digital mammography and the extent of coronary artery disease (CAD) diagnosed with dual source coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) in a population of women both symptomatic and asymptomatic for coronary artery disease. 100 consecutive women (aged 34 - 86 years) who underwent both coronary CTA and digital mammography were included in the study. Health records were reviewed to determine the presence of cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and smoking. Digital mammograms were reviewed for the presence and degree of BAC, graded in terms of severity and extent. Coronary CTAs were reviewed for CAD, graded based on the extent of calcified and non-calcified plaque, and the degree of major vessel stenosis. A four point grading scale was used for both coronary CTA and mammography. The overall prevalence of positive BAC and CAD in the studied population were 12% and 29%, respectively. Ten of the 12 patients with moderate or advanced BAC on mammography demonstrated moderate to severe CAD as determined by coronary CTA. For all women, the positive predictive value of BAC for CAD was 0.83 and the negative predictive value was 0.78. The presence of BAC on mammography appears to correlate with CAD as determined by coronary CTA (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient = 0.48, p<.000001). Using logistic regression, the inclusion of BAC as a feature in CAD predication significantly increased classification results (p=0.04).

Implementación y funcionamiento de hogares protegidos para personas con trastornos mentales graves en Iquitos, Perú (2013-2016) / Implementation and operation of protected residences for people with serious mental illness in Iquitos, Peru (2013-2016) / Implementação e funcionamento de residências terapêuticas para pessoas com transtornos mentais graves em Iquitos, Peru (2013-2016)

RESUMEN Objetivo Evaluar el proceso de implementación y funcionamiento de los hogares protegidos para las personas con trastornos mentales graves en Iquitos, con base en el beneficio y la mejora en la calidad de vida percibida. Métodos Estudio con enfoque cualitativo y transversal. Se realizaron 36 entrevistas a profundidad a residentes del hogar, cuidadores, vecinos y profesionales de salud. Se llenó una ficha sociodemográfica y clínica por cada residente y una ficha de procesos de gestión por cada hogar protegido. Se realizaron grupos focales con gestores y cuidadores. Resultados El tiempo de estancia prolongada manicomial previa de los residentes de hogares protegidos fue de 7 años y 3 meses. Solo 28 % habían presentado recaída clínica durante el último año. Los residentes percibieron mejoría en su calidad de vida y mayor satisfacción en la estancia en hogar protegido respecto a la estancia manicomial previa. Los hogares evaluados se encuentran en lugares accesibles a servicios sociales y comunitarios, con adecuado acceso a medios de transporte. Se realizaron supervisiones periódicas a los cuidadores, infraestructura y mantenimiento del hogar. Conclusiones Existe percepción favorable de cuidadores, gestores, residentes y vecinos sobre el funcionamiento de los hogares protegidos.

ABSTRACT Objective Evaluate the implementation and operation of protected residences for people with serious mental illness in Iquitos, based on the benefits and perceived improvement in their quality of life. Methods Qualitative and cross-cutting study. Thirty-six in-depth interviews of residents, caregivers, neighbors, and health professionals were conducted. A sociodemographic and clinical file was completed for each resident, along with a file on managerial processes for each facility. Focus groups were conducted with managers and caregivers. Results Residents' previous length of stay in a psychiatric hospital was 7 years and 3 months. Only 28 % had suffered a clinical relapse in the past year. Residents reported an improvement in their quality of life and greater satisfaction with their stay in the facility compared with their stay in the psychiatric hospital. The residences evaluated are located in areas accessible to social and community services, with adequate access to transportation. Periodic supervision of caregivers, infrastructure, and residence maintenance was performed. Conclusions Caregivers, managers, residents, and neighbors have a positive view of residence operations.

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar o processo de implementação e funcionamento de residências terapêuticas ("pensões protegidas") para pessoas portadoras de transtornos mentais graves segundo a percepção de benefício e melhoria da qualidade de vida. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo transversal qualitativo realizado em Iquitos, no Peru. Trinta e seis entrevistas em profundidade foram conduzidas com os moradores de residências terapêuticas, cuidadores, vizinhos e profissionais de saúde. Foi feito o preenchimento de uma ficha sociodemográfica e clínica para cada morador e uma ficha do processo de gestão por residência. Foram realizados grupos de discussão com gestores e cuidadores. Resultados A permanência prolongada anterior em instituição manicomial dos moradores das residências foi de 7 anos e 3 meses. Apenas 28% tiveram recaída clínica no último ano. Os moradores perceberam melhoria da qualidade de vida e informaram um nível maior de satisfação com a permanência nas residências terapêuticas em comparação à permanência anterior em instituição manicomial. As residências estudadas se situavam em locais acessíveis aos funcionários dos serviços sociais e comunitários, com acesso adequado ao transporte público. O trabalho dos cuidadores e a infraestrutura e manutenção das residências receberam supervisão periódica. Conclusões O funcionamento das residências terapêuticas é percebido favoravelmente por cuidadores, gestores, moradores e vizinhos.

Evaluación del Elisa VIH como prueba única en la detección de infectados VIH asintomáticos en población cerrada: Años 1992-1999 / Evaluation of Elisa-VIH as a unique test in the detection of asymptomatic patients infected by VIH in a close population: 1992-1999

Objetivo: El propósito de este estudio fue determinar la estrategia a usar con los modernos test de Elisa-VIH, a fin de prescindir del Western blot como test confirmativo, en razón de disminuir costos. Métodos: Estudio prospectivo de la incidencia de verdaderos positivos y negativos del test Elisa-VIH en población cerrada centro referencial a nivel Fuerza Aérea del Perú, en los años 1992 al 1999. La prevalencia fue obtenida en los años 1992 y 1993. Se obtuvo el valor predictivo positivo y negativo entre los años 1994 a 1999. Nuestra técnica fue similar a la estrategia II de Sato para prevalencias menores de 1 por ciento pero se diferencia en que se corren dos Elisa-VIH con la primera muestra, si sale reactivo el primer resultado. Resultado: Se realizó 37 791 test serológicos en población con prevalencia global de 0.1 por ciento. La prevalencia fue considerada como una constante a través del año. Se obtuvo un valor predictivo positivo del 100 por ciento y valor predictivo negativo del 100 por ciento. Conclusiones: Se concluye que no es necesario Realizar el test de Western blot si se aplica la técnica propuesta para casos de vigilancia en población con prevalencia menor de 1 por ciento.

Pénfigo foliáceo endémic en Ucayalí, Perú: Reporte de 16 caso / Pemphigus foliaceous in Ucayali, Peru: Report of 16 cases

Se reporta 16 casos de pénfigo foliáceo endémico en el departamento de Ucayali, en su mayoría procedentes de la provincia de Coronel Portillo (94 por ciento); el 50 por ciento corresponde al distrito de Campo Verde. El 80 por ciento de los pacientes provenían de un área rural y el 56 por ciento de los casos fueron de sexo femenino. Afecta a la población pediátrica en un 44 por ciento (7 casos); y el compromiso de las lesiones cutáneas fue generalizado en un 100 por ciento de los casos; sin compromiso de mucosas. El signo de Nikolsky estuvo presente en el 50 por ciento. En todos los casos se encontró acantólisis subcórnea y sólo el 40 por ciento tuvo inmunofluorescencia positiva para pénfigo.