Identifying Mobile Health Engagement Stages: Interviews and Observations for Developing Brief Message Content.

BACKGROUND: Interest in mobile health (mHealth) has increased recently, and research suggests that mHealth devices can enhance end-user engagement, especially when used in conjunction with brief message content. OBJECTIVE: This research aims to explore the stages of engagement framework for mHealth devices and develop a method to generate brief message content to promote sustained user engagement. This study uses the framework by O'Brien and Toms as a point of departure, where engagement is defined as the uptake or the use of an mHealth device. The framework is a linear repeatable process, including point of engagement, period of engagement, disengagement, and re-engagement. Each stage is characterized by attributes related to a person's technology experience. Although the literature has identified stages of engagement for health-related technology, few studies explore mHealth engagement. Furthermore, little research has determined a method for creating brief message content at each stage in this engagement journey. METHODS: Interviews and observations from 19 participants who used mHealth technologies (apps, devices, or wellness websites) in a solo capacity were recruited for sample group 1. In sample group 2, interviews, and observations from 25 participants using mHealth technologies in a group capacity through the Global Corporate Challenge were used. These samples were investigated at 3 time points in both research contexts. The results underwent deductive-inductive thematic analysis for the engagement stages' framework and attributes. RESULTS: In addition to the 4 stages identified by O'Brien and Toms, 2 additional stages, self-management and limited engagement, were identified. Self-management captures where users had disengaged from their technology but were still engaged with their health activity. Limited engagement captures where group mHealth users had minimal interaction with their mHealth technology but continued to engage in a group fitness activity. The results revealed that mHealth engagement stages were nonlinear and embedded in a wider engagement context and that each stage was characterized by a combination of 49 attributes that could be organized into 8 themes. Themes documented the total user experience and included technology usability, technology features, technology aesthetics, use motivations, health awareness, goal setting, social support, and interruptions. Different themes were found to have more relevance at different engagement stages. Knowing themes and attributes at all engagement stages allows technology developers and health care professionals to generate relevant brief message content informed by a person-centered approach. CONCLUSIONS: This research extends an existing engagement stages framework and identifies attributes and themes relevant to mHealth technology users' total user experience and incorporates concepts derived from health, business studies, and information systems literature. In addition, we offer a practical 5-step process based on a person-centered approach to develop mHealth technology brief message content for sustained engagement.

Why confidence leads to swifter tertiary education choices: A qualitative study of the international tertiary education industry of Australia.

This paper investigates international students' confidence as a base for imminent tertiary education decisions. International students are a highly sought-after commodity, particularly during and after a global pandemic when the income streams of tertiary education providers are limited. In-depth interviews were conducted with students who sought guidance towards an international study experience to explore the guiding research questions, (1) how does confidence impact tertiary education decisions of international students and (2) what is the relationship between confidence and time to make a tertiary education decision? Set within the context of the international tertiary education industry of Australia, the original contribution stems from identifying that guidance towards an international study experience is affected by confidence in; guidance counselors, the brand name of the university, and the tertiary education decision itself. The identified confidence characteristics in this study have an inverse relationship with the length of time taken for the students' decision-making process. This leads to swifter finalizations of tertiary education decisions by students increasing returns on education providers' admission activities.

Reducing the incidence and impact of peer-to-peer online trolling: a protocol for a scoping review.

INTRODUCTION: Governments worldwide are committed to reducing the prevalence of peer-to-peer online trolling. The practice of peer-to-peer online trolling, which is broadly defined as where a user intends to cause disruption or conflict online for their own amusement or advantage, is a widespread pervasive and damaging behavior, affecting over one-third of all social media users. There remains, however, a substantial barrier to addressing this behaviour due to a lack of understanding of peer-to-peer online trolling and its unique psychopathology that distinguishes it from other forms of peer-to-peer online abuse such as cyberbullying and flaming, as well as the primary information technology approach used to investigate trolling. Providing a synthesis of peer-to-peer online trolling research will assist organisations, governments and educators in addressing this deviant behaviour online. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This protocol follows the six-stage scoping review process proposed by Arksey and O'Malley. Identifying the scoping review research question (stage 1) is followed by discussion on how studies will be selected (stage 2). We then discuss how we will determine which studies will be included in the scoping review (stage 3), as well as chart the data involved for each study included (stage 4). In stage 5, the scoping review protocol gathers, synthesises and reports the results, and consults with stakeholders about the initial protocol specifications (stage 6). ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: As the scoping review methodology focuses on incorporating information from available publications, ethical approval is not required. An article summarising the scoping review results will be submitted for publication to a journal, presented at appropriate conferences and disseminated as part of future workshops with professionals and educators involved in reducing online trolling.

The impact of gender and age on bullying role, self-harm and suicide: Evidence from a cohort study of Australian children.

There has been limited longitudinal investigation to date into the association between bullying, self-harm, and suicidality in Australia and the impact of specific demographic differences on this relationship. This is despite the continued rise in the incidence of bullying, self-harm, and suicide. As such, the current study draws on data from the Longitudinal Survey of Australian children (LSAC) to examine the association between bullying, self-harm, and suicidality and explore the impact of demographic differences across three bullying related behaviors (being bullied, bullying others and being both bullied and bullying others). The evidence indicates that bully-victims exhibit the highest risk of self-harm and suicidality in Australia. When considering demographic differences, it was identified that females and adolescents aged 16-17-years-of-age had the highest risk of self-harm and suicidality. Further, a direct curvilinear relationship between age and the categories of self-harm was identified with an inflection point around 16-17 years. The study supports the need for further investigation into the association between bullying, self-harm, and suicidality longitudinally with a particular focus on other moderators.

Co-creation through non-dyadic service experiences using service design.

Scant empirical research has examined non-dyadic multi-actor service experiences within the food industry. Drawing from the theories of multi-actor co-creation, service dominant logic and service experience, this paper investigates the meal-kit industry and its role in enhanced food well-being among consumers. Specifically, it answers the following research questions; 1) which stages are there in food preparation and consumption routine when using meal-kits and 2), how do these relate to the components of FWB. This exploratory study used service design tools including mind maps, prompt cards, cultural probes, and a cognitive mapping activity with interviews, to examine the food experience of participants within the meal-kit industry over the period of a week. The findings indicate five stages of food preparation and consumption that through multi-actor interactions, even when deviant to the intended purpose, lead to food experiences that can enable the co-creation of emotional, social, and cognitive benefits specifically contributing to Food Socialisation, Food Availability and Food Literacy from the FWB framework. The investigation into contextual influences and interactions with the resources within the consumer's network across all phases of food consumption, reflects the consumer's changing food experiences over time and the consumer's improved relationship with food, helping in turn to predict their food well-being. This research provides insights as to how consumer interactions with service offerings and actors within their network develop new applications of a service's value propositions based on one's specific needs and situational context.

Factors influencing the journey to work for young people with physical and/or neurological conditions.

PURPOSE: This study examined the challenges young people with a physical and/or neurological condition experience in their journey to work. This includes both their physical commute to work and transition to the workforce. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Insight was established through the development and testing of a model which extended the model of goal directed behavior. A survey was distributed to 200 young people with a physical and/or neurological condition. PLS-SEM analysis was conducted to identify factors which influence a young person with a physical and/or neurological disability's journey to work. RESULTS: The results suggest subjective norms, attitudes, anticipated negative emotions, and risk aversion underpin a young person's desire to journey to work (both physical commute to work and transition to workforce). This desire then encourages an individual's intentions to travel independently. Past behavior and perceived behavioral support are seen to encourage intentions, while employer support and social support lead to increased perceived behavioral control directly and intentions indirectly. CONCLUSIONS: The study highlights the importance of mental preparedness, having support available from employers, friends, and families, and access to transport that supports independence in encouraging and facilitating the journey to work for young adults with a neurological and/or physical disability.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONfPositive attitude, risk aversion, and expected negative emotions are key factors in the decision to commute to work independently for a young person with a physical and/or neurological disability.The more support a young person with a physical and/or neurological disability feels from their employer and social circle, the more likely they feel in control of their actions and to plan to journey to work independently.Encouraging social norms are likely to impact the desire and intention to journey to work independently for young people with a physical and/or neurological disability.Feeling in control and having successful previous transport experiences is likely to help predict whether young people with a physical and/or neurological disability will plan on commuting to work independently in the future.

Encouraging young adults with a disability to be independent in their journey to work: A segmentation and application of Theory of Planned Behaviour approach.

This study investigates how young adults with disabilities can be encouraged to be independent in their travel to work and thus, transition more smoothly into the workforce. Using cluster analysis, we identify three segment groups of young adults with physical disabilities. The Theory of Planned Behaviour is then applied to examine differences and identify strategies that could provide assistance and support to these groups of workers in their travel to work. This study is the first to segment this group of workers and identify strategies to mitigate the often-unique challenges they face in their physical journey to work.