Exploratory study on a novel minimally invasive tunnel like flap approach for orthodontic movement of dental implants.

OBJECTIVES: To propose a new flap design that utilize a minimally invasive approach to move implants. We also propose a 3D method to track changes in implant position without the need for CBCT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Implants were inserted in two mongrel dogs then a minimally invasive tunnel like flap was made. Bone cutting around implants was done using piezotome device and orthodontic force was applied on the implants. For tracking positional changes of implants, an impression was taken then scanned with an identical implant copy inside. The pre- and post-treatment 3D images were then superimposed over each other to detect changes in implant position. RESULTS: Healing of the flap was rapid with minimal swelling and edema. The position of the interdental papilla was preserved maintaining optimal esthetic outcome. Implant pocket depth was maintained. Our 3D imaging method was able to accurately detect the movement that occurred in the dental implants after their movement with significantly higher resolution than CBCT (6 µm for this method versus 76-300 µm for the CBCT). CONCLUSIONS: This flap can preserve the esthetic soft tissue contour of implants during orthodontic movement allowing rapid healing with minimum swelling and edema. Moreover, our proposed 3D method has many advantages over CBCT in tracking the movement of implants by being non harmful and cheap thus allowing several follow up points. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Orthodontic movement of implants can be required in cases of improperly placed implants or to intentionally place the implant in a certain position then altering it to avoid the need for bone grafting.

Multiplexed LC-MS/MS quantification of salivary RNA modifications in periodontitis.

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the salivary epitranscriptomic profiles as periodontitis biomarkers using multiplexed mass spectrometry (MS). BACKGROUND: The field of epitranscriptomics, which relates to RNA chemical modifications, opens new perspectives in the discovery of diagnostic biomarkers, especially in periodontitis. Recently, the modified ribonucleoside N6-methyladenosine (m6A) was revealed as a crucial player in the etiopathogenesis of periodontitis. However, no epitranscriptomic biomarker has been identified in saliva to date. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-four saliva samples were collected from periodontitis patients (n = 16) and from control subjects (n = 8). Periodontitis patients were stratified according to stage and grade. Salivary nucleosides were directly extracted and, in parallel, salivary RNA was digested into its constituent nucleosides. Nucleoside samples were then quantified by multiplexed MS. RESULTS: Twenty-seven free nucleosides were detected and an overlapping set of 12 nucleotides were detected in digested RNA. Among the free nucleosides, cytidine and three other modified nucleosides (inosine, queuosine and m6Am) were significantly altered in periodontitis patients. In digested RNA, only uridine was significantly higher in periodontitis patients. Importantly there was no correlation between free salivary nucleoside levels and the levels of those same nucleotides in digested salivary RNA, except for cytidine, m5C and uridine. This statement implies that the two detection methods are complementary. CONCLUSION: The high specificity and sensitivity of MS allowed the detection and quantification of multiple nucleosides from RNA and free nucleosides in saliva. Some ribonucleosides appear to be promising biomarkers of periodontitis. Our analytic pipeline opens new perspectives for diagnostic periodontitis biomarkers.

The terrestrial biosphere as a net source of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere.

The terrestrial biosphere can release or absorb the greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), and therefore has an important role in regulating atmospheric composition and climate. Anthropogenic activities such as land-use change, agriculture and waste management have altered terrestrial biogenic greenhouse gas fluxes, and the resulting increases in methane and nitrous oxide emissions in particular can contribute to climate change. The terrestrial biogenic fluxes of individual greenhouse gases have been studied extensively, but the net biogenic greenhouse gas balance resulting from anthropogenic activities and its effect on the climate system remains uncertain. Here we use bottom-up (inventory, statistical extrapolation of local flux measurements, and process-based modelling) and top-down (atmospheric inversions) approaches to quantify the global net biogenic greenhouse gas balance between 1981 and 2010 resulting from anthropogenic activities and its effect on the climate system. We find that the cumulative warming capacity of concurrent biogenic methane and nitrous oxide emissions is a factor of about two larger than the cooling effect resulting from the global land carbon dioxide uptake from 2001 to 2010. This results in a net positive cumulative impact of the three greenhouse gases on the planetary energy budget, with a best estimate (in petagrams of CO2 equivalent per year) of 3.9 ± 3.8 (top down) and 5.4 ± 4.8 (bottom up) based on the GWP100 metric (global warming potential on a 100-year time horizon). Our findings suggest that a reduction in agricultural methane and nitrous oxide emissions, particularly in Southern Asia, may help mitigate climate change.

Mapping Urban Methane Sources in Paris, France.

Megacities, with their large and complex infrastructures, are significant sources of methane emissions. To develop a simple, low-cost methodology to quantify these globally important methane sources, this study focuses on mobile measurements of methane (CH4) and its isotopic composition in Paris. Data collected between September 2018 to March 2019 resulted in 17 days of measurements, which provided spatial distribution of street-level methane mixing ratios, source type identification, and emission quantification. Consequently, 90 potential leaks were detected in Paris sorted into three leak categories: natural gas distribution network emissions (63%), sewage network emissions (33%), and emissions from heating furnaces of buildings (4%). The latter category has not previously been reported in urban methane studies. Accounting for the detectable emissions from the ground, the total estimated CH4 emission rate of Paris was 5000 L/min (190 t/yr), with the largest contribution from gas leaks (56%). This ranks Paris as a city with medium CH4 emissions. Two areas of clusters were found, where 22% and 56% of the total potential emissions of Paris were observed. Our findings suggest that the natural gas distribution network, the sewage system, and furnaces of buildings are ideal targets for street-level CH4 emission reduction efforts for Paris.

Implementation of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol for anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: a propensity score-matched analysis.

PURPOSE: Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS), still emerging for the spine, proposes a multimodal approach of perioperative care involving the optimization of every procedural step, with the patient in a proactive position regarding his/her management. We aimed to demonstrate a reduction in the length of hospital stay for ACDF without increasing the risk for patients by comparing 2 groups before and after ERAS implementation using propensity score (PS)-matched analysis. METHODS: We selected 2 periods of 1 year, before (n = 268 patients) and after ERAS implementation (n = 271 patients). Data were collected on patient demographics, operative and perioperative details, 90-day readmissions and morbidity. ERAS-trained nurses were involved to support patients at each pre/per/postoperative step with the help of a mobile app. A satisfaction survey was included. PS analyses were used for dealing with confounding bias in this retrospective observational study. RESULTS: After PS matching, the outcomes of 202 well-balanced pairs of patients were compared (conventional vs ERAS). LOS was reduced from 2.96 ± 1.35 to 1.40 ± 0.6 days (Student, p < 0.001). All 90-day surgical morbidity was similar between the 2 groups, including 30-day readmission (0.5% vs 0%; p = 1), 30- to 90-day readmission (0.5% vs 0.0%; p = 1), 90-day reoperation (0% vs 1%; p = 0.49), major complications (3.0% vs 3.5%; p = 1) and minor complications (2.0% vs 3.5%; p = 0.54). There was no significant difference concerning the satisfaction survey. CONCLUSIONS: The introduction of ERAS for ACDF in our institution has resulted in a significant decrease in LOS, without causing an increase in postoperative complications and has maintained patients' satisfaction.

Cancer and end of life: the management provided during the year and the month preceding death in 2015 and causes of death in France.

PURPOSE: The management of cancer patients at the end of life in France and their causes of death are not well known. METHODS: People managed for cancer in 2014-2015, who died in 2015 and who were covered by the national health insurance general scheme (77% of the French population) were selected from the national health data system in order to analyze the health care reimbursed during the year and the month before their death. RESULTS: This study included 125,497 people (mean age 73 years, SD 12.5) managed for cancer: colorectal: 12%, lung: 18%, prostate: 9%, breast: 8% and other: 62%. Almost 67% of people died in short-stay hospitals (SSH), 8% died in rehabilitation units (Rehab), 4% died in hospital at home (HaH), 5% died in skilled nursing homes (SNH) and 15% died at home or another place. The mean annual duration of all types of hospitalization was 70 days (SD 66) and 59% of patients had received hospital palliative care (HPC). During the last month of life, 42% of people had attended an emergency department at least once and people who had received HPC were less often admitted to an intensive care unit (10% versus 23%, 15% overall). During the month before death, 17% of patients had received intravenous chemotherapy (lung 23%, breast 21%) and 9% had received a pharmacy reimbursement for another form of chemotherapy (prostate 24%, breast 19%). The main cause of death was a tumour for 81% of patients: after management of lung cancer in 91% of cases, breast cancer in 81% of cases, colorectal cancer in 76% of cases and prostate cancer in 63% of cases. CONCLUSIONS: Cancer management and death mostly occurred in SSH in France. Cancer patients frequently attend the emergency department and frequently receive chemotherapy during the last month of life. These data continue to contrast with those observed in Scandinavian- and English-speaking countries, in which management of the end of life at home is preferred.

Access to inpatient palliative care among cancer patients in France: an analysis based on the national cancer cohort.

BACKGROUND: Closely linked to the concept of supportive care, the integrated model of palliative care (PC) implies identifying, assessing and treating physical and psychological suffering as early as needed, irrespective of patient characteristics. In France, as in the most southern European countries, little is known about the proportion of cancer patients who have access to PC. Accordingly, we aimed in this study to estimate the proportion of cancer patients in France who have access to inpatient PC, and to explore associated factors. We carried out a nationwide retrospective cohort study using data from the French national health system database (SNDS) for all individuals diagnosed with cancer in 2013 and followed between 2013 and 2016. We compared patients who had inpatient PC with those who did not. RESULTS: Of the 313,059 cancer patients included in the national French cancer cohort in 2013, 53,437 (17%) accessed inpatient PC at least once between 2013 and 2016, ranging from 2% in survivors to 56% in the deceased population. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that women and younger patients (18-49 years old) were less likely to access inpatient PC while patients with a greater number of comorbidities, metastatic cancer, or cancer of the nervous system, were more likely to have done so. CONCLUSIONS: A negligible proportion of cancer survivors accessed inpatient PC. More research and training are needed to convince healthcare providers, patients, and families about the substantial benefits of PC, and to promote better integration of PC and oncology.

Google Trends and pollen concentrations in allergy and airway diseases in France.

BACKGROUND: Google Trends (GTs) is a web-based surveillance tool that explores the searching trends of specific queries via Google. This tool proposes to reflect the real-life epidemiology of allergic rhinitis and asthma. However, the validation of GTs against pollen concentrations is missing at the country level. OBJECTIVES: In the present study, we used GTs (a) to compare the terms related to allergy in France, (b) to assess seasonal variations across the country for 5 years and (c) to compare GTs and pollen concentrations for 2016. METHODS: Google Trends queries were initially searched to investigate the terms reflecting pollen and allergic diseases. 13- and 5-year GTs were used in France. Then, 5-year GTs were assessed in all metropolitan French regions to assess the seasonality of GTs. Finally, GTs were compared with pollen concentrations (Réseau National de Surveillance en Aerobiology) for 2016 in seven regions (GTs) and corresponding cities (pollen concentrations). RESULTS: The combination of searches for "allergy" as a disease, "pollen" as a disease cause and "ragweed" as a plant was needed to fully assess the pollen season in France. "Asthma" did not show any seasonality. Using the 5-year GTs, an annual and clear seasonality of queries was found in all regions depending on the predicted pollen exposure for spring and a summer peak but not for winter peaks. The agreement between GT queries and pollen concentrations is usually poor except for spring trees and grasses. Moreover, cypress pollens are insufficiently reported by GTs. CONCLUSIONS: Google Trends cannot predict the pollen season in France.

[Incidence, mortality and prevalence of cancers in metropolitan France]. / Incidence, mortalité et prévalence des cancers en France métropolitaine.

Incidence, mortality and prevalence of cancers in metropolitan France. About 400,000 new people are diagnosed with cancer every year in metropolitan France, including 53.5% men and 46.5% women. Cancer is also the cause of almost 150,000 annual deaths of which 56% occur in men and 44% in women. Nearly 3.8 million people (1.8 million men and 2.0 million women) aged 15 and over have had cancer during their lifetime and are alive in 2017, or 7.0 % of the population aged 15 and over.

Incidence, mortalité et prévalence des cancers en France métropolitaine. Près de 400 000 nouvelles personnes sont diagnostiquées avec un cancer chaque année en France métropolitaine dont 53,5 % d'hommes et 46,5 % de femmes. Le cancer est également la cause d'environ 150 000 décès annuels parmi lesquels 56 % surviennent chez l'homme et 44 % chez la femme. On estime que près de 3,8 millions de personnes (1,8 million d'hommes et 2,0 millions de femmes) de 15 ans et plus ont eu un cancer au cours de leur vie et sont en vie en 2017, soit 7,0 % de la population de 15 ans et plus.

Differences in Reporting the Ragweed Pollen Season Using Google Trends across 15 Countries.

BACKGROUND: Google Trends (GT) searches trends of specific queries in Google, which potentially reflect the real-life epidemiology of allergic rhinitis. We compared GT terms related to ragweed pollen allergy in American and European Union countries with a known ragweed pollen season. Our aim was to assess seasonality and the terms needed to perform the GT searches and to compare these during the spring and summer pollen seasons. METHODS: We examined GT queries from January 1, 2011, to January 4, 2017. We included 15 countries with a known ragweed pollen season and used the standard 5-year GT graphs. We used the GT translation for all countries and the untranslated native terms for each country. RESULTS: The results of "pollen," "ragweed," and "allergy" searches differed between countries, but "ragweed" was clearly identified in 12 of the 15 countries. There was considerable heterogeneity of findings when the GT translation was used. For Croatia, Hungary, Romania, Serbia, and Slovenia, the GT translation was inappropriate. The country patterns of "pollen," "hay fever," and "allergy" differed in 8 of the 11 countries with identified "ragweed" queries during the spring and the summer, indicating that the perception of tree and grass pollen allergy differs from that of ragweed pollen. CONCLUSIONS: To investigate ragweed pollen allergy using GT, the term "ragweed" as a plant is required and the translation of "ragweed" in the native language needed.

Interannual variation in methane emissions from tropical wetlands triggered by repeated El Niño Southern Oscillation.

Methane (CH4 ) emissions from tropical wetlands contribute 60%-80% of global natural wetland CH4 emissions. Decreased wetland CH4 emissions can act as a negative feedback mechanism for future climate warming and vice versa. The impact of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on CH4 emissions from wetlands remains poorly quantified at both regional and global scales, and El Niño events are expected to become more severe based on climate models' projections. We use a process-based model of global wetland CH4 emissions to investigate the impacts of the ENSO on CH4 emissions in tropical wetlands for the period from 1950 to 2012. The results show that CH4 emissions from tropical wetlands respond strongly to repeated ENSO events, with negative anomalies occurring during El Niño periods and with positive anomalies occurring during La Niña periods. An approximately 8-month time lag was detected between tropical wetland CH4 emissions and ENSO events, which was caused by the combined time lag effects of ENSO events on precipitation and temperature over tropical wetlands. The ENSO can explain 49% of interannual variations for tropical wetland CH4 emissions. Furthermore, relative to neutral years, changes in temperature have much stronger effects on tropical wetland CH4 emissions than the changes in precipitation during ENSO periods. The occurrence of several El Niño events contributed to a lower decadal mean growth rate in atmospheric CH4 concentrations throughout the 1980s and 1990s and to stable atmospheric CH4 concentrations from 1999 to 2006, resulting in negative feedback to global warming.

Comparison of outcome measures in allergic rhinitis in children, adolescents and adults.

BACKGROUND: Grass pollen-induced allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (AR) is very common worldwide. However, its symptoms may vary with the patient's age. The present study compared symptom profiles and quality of life (QoL) in children, adolescents and adults with grass pollen-induced AR. METHODS: This was a four-week, multicentre, observational study of children (aged 6-11), adolescents (12-17) and adults (18-65) consulting specialist physicians in France. The management of AR was at the physicians' discretion. Participants regularly rated their symptoms (the rhinoconjunctivitis total symptom score (RTSS) and a visual analogue scale (VAS)) and QoL (the Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ). RESULTS: A total of 806 patients (253 children, 250 adolescents and 303 adults, of whom 83.5% suffered from moderate-to-severe, persistent AR) provided data for at least the first 2 weeks of the study. Ocular pruritus (the most bothersome symptom in children (35%), adolescents (22%) and adults (16%)) was associated with poor QoL in all groups, whereas nasal obstruction and pruritus were associated with poor QoL in adolescents and children. Over 4 weeks, the weekly mean RTSS and VAS scores fell by around half. This change was associated with an improvement in the RQLQ scores. In all age groups, the VAS score was well correlated with the weekly mean RTSS score (Pearson's r: 0.79-0.88) and moderately correlated with the weekly mean RQLQ score (Pearson's r: 0.64-0.80). CONCLUSIONS: In moderate-to-severe grass pollen-induced AR, symptom perception differs in children vs. older patients. However, the assessments of treatment outcomes (using the RTSS, VAS and RQLQ) were similar in all age groups.

Postoperative monitoring with a mobile application after ambulatory lumbar discectomy: an effective tool for spine surgeons.

BACKGROUND: The rise of eHealth, with the increasing use of a Mobile application provides a new perspective for outpatient spine surgery follow-up. OBJECTIVE: Assess the feasibility of Mobile app for postoperative monitoring after outpatient lumbar discectomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sixty consecutive patients, who underwent an ambulatory lumbar discectomy, were proposed the use of Mobile app to optimize their home monitoring for 15 days. Contact was maintained with the clinic based on the level of symptom severity: pain, temperature, deficit, bleeding, to provide a suitable solution. Use of Mobile app compared to the standard follow-up procedure was evaluated daily and a satisfaction survey was carried-out 3 months after surgery. RESULTS: Thirty-six patients (60.0 %) completed the initial checklist within 48 h, with no triggered severity. Five patients (8.3 %) triggered a non-response alarm; no action was required in the follow-up of 41 patients. However, 19 patients (31.7 %) triggered a total of 29 alarms, automatically resulting in a neurosurgeon contact for: postoperative pain management and optimization of analgesics, 21 cases (72.4 %), low-grade fever <38.5°, 4 cases (13.8 %), voiding delay, 2 cases (6.9 %) and a problem related to dressing, 2 cases (6.9 %). The scale ranged from 1 (poor) to 4 (excellent), with a 3.5/4 overall satisfaction mean score for the mobile handheld-device. Most patients (91.6 %) responded that they would agree to repeat the postoperative experience. CONCLUSION: Overall patient satisfaction was excellent. Mobile app provides an effective useful tool for outpatient spine surgery monitoring and minimizes the need for in-person visits for postoperative patients.

Relocation of Infrapositioned Ankylosed Teeth: Description of Orthodontic Bone Stretching and Case Series.

Different treatments have been proposed to manage the consequences of ankylosed teeth. This clinical report, which includes several different clinical conditions, describes an orthodontic bone-stretching procedure that can be used to relocate ankylosed teeth. The orthodontic bone-stretching technique involves only partial osteotomies, without the mobilization or repositioning of the alveolar segment, combined with orthodontic forces. The applied force facilitates tooth movement to the occlusal plane and can modify the axis of the ankylosed tooth. This relocation is possible because of a bone-stretching phenomenon in the surgical area. In all of the cases, relocation of the ankylosed teeth was successfully performed and the gingival margins were corrected to improve the esthetic results.

Clinical relevance of cluster analysis in phenotyping allergic rhinitis in a real-life study.

BACKGROUND: Disease stratification, using phenotypic characterization performed either by hypothesis- or data-driven methods, was developed to improve clinical decisions. However, cluster analysis has not been used for allergic rhinitis. OBJECTIVE: To define clusters in allergic rhinitis and to compare them with ARIA (Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma), a hypothesis-driven approach. METHODS: A French observational prospective multicenter study (EVEIL: Echelle visuelle analogique dans la rhinite allergique) was carried out on 990 patients consulting general practitioners for allergic rhinitis and treated as per clinical practice. In this study, changes in symptom scores, visual analogue scales and quality of life were measured at baseline and after 14 days of treatment. A post hoc analysis was performed to identify clusters of patients with allergic rhinitis ­ using Ward's hierarchical method ­ and to define their clinical relevance at baseline and after 14 days of treatment. The cluster approach was compared to the ARIA approach. RESULTS: Patients were clustered into 4 phenotypes which partly followed the ARIA classes. These phenotypes differed in their disease severity including symptoms and quality of life. Physicians in real-life practice prescribed medication regardless of the phenotype and severity, with the exception of patients with ocular symptoms. Prescribed treatments were comparable in hypothesis- and data-driven analyses. The prevalence of uncontrolled patients during treatment was similar in the 4 clusters, but was significantly different according to the ARIA classes. CONCLUSION: Cluster analysis using demographic and clinical parameters only does not appear to add relevant information for disease stratification in allergic rhinitis.

Comparison of two methods to report potentially avoidable hospitalizations in France in 2012: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Potentially avoidable hospitalizations represent an indirect measure of access to effective primary care. However many approaches have been proposed to measure them and results may differ considerably. This work aimed at examining the agreement between the Weissman and Ansari approaches in order to measure potentially avoidable hospitalizations in France. METHODS: Based on the 2012 French national hospital discharge database (Programme de Médicalisation des Systèmes d'Information), potentially avoidable hospitalizations were measured using two approaches proposed by Weissman et al. and by Ansari et al. Age- and sex-standardised rates were calculated in each department. The two approaches were compared for diagnosis groups, type of stay, severity, age, sex, and length of stay. RESULTS: The number and age-standardised rate of potentially avoidable hospitalizations estimated by the Weissman et al. and Ansari et al. approaches were 742,474 (13.3 cases per 1,000 inhabitants) and 510,206 (9.0 cases per 1,000 inhabitants), respectively. There are significant differences by conditions groups, age, length of stay, severity level, and proportion of medical stays between the Weissman and Ansari methods. CONCLUSIONS: Regarding potentially avoidable hospitalizations in France in 2012, the agreement between the Weissman and Ansari approaches is poor. The method used to measure potentially avoidable hospitalizations is critical, and might influence the assessment of accessibility and performance of primary care.

Do Teaching General Practitioners' Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Influence Their Management of Patients with Low Back Pain?

OBJECTIVES: To describe fear-avoidance beliefs about low back pain (LBP) in a sample of teaching general practitioners (TGPs) and to investigate the impact on following the guidelines for LBP. METHODS: A sample of 112 French TGPs were contacted to complete a self-administered questionnaire including socio-demographic and professional data, personal history of LBP, CME about LBP and usual practices, and their low back pain beliefs using the Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ) and the Back Belief Questionnaire (BBQ). RESULTS: Forty-seven responded, 48% treated more than 10 LBP patients per month, and 45% participated in an educational session on LBP during the previous 3 years. Seventy percent reported a previous episode of acute LBP, while 30% suffered from chronic LBP. The median scores for the FABQ-phys and work were 8 (4 to 10) and 17 (11 to 21), and 35 (31 to 38) for the BBQ. There were no correlations between age or years of practice and FABQ scores. TGPs suffering more than 1 acute LBP episode per month had a lower BBQ score (P < 0.05). Those prescribing more imaging exams in acute LBP had higher FABQ and lower BBQ scores, while those who recommended rest in both acute and chronic LBP had a higher FABQ-phys score. DISCUSSION: Teaching general practitioners' fear-avoidance beliefs about LBP are lower than previously reported by their GP colleagues but still negatively influence the way they follow guidelines for LBP patients. This may influence the way they teach the management of LBP.

[Mapping of the key oncology indicators available in France]. / Cartographie des principaux indicateurs disponibles en France dans le domaine du cancer.

BACKGROUND: Available data in the field of oncology in France are scattered due to the large number of available indicators and their sources. In order to facilitate identification and analysis of these indicators, the French National Cancer Institute (INCa) has mapped the main indicators available in oncology. METHODS: Mapping was based on the needs of various categories of potential users. Standardized interviews were conducted face-to-face or by email among representatives to determine their needs and expectations. The underlying data sources were also identified: databases, national surveys, websites. A first selection of indicators was proposed in the report entitled "La situation du cancer en France en 2009" ("The state of cancer in France in 2009") and was expanded. Data collection concerning indicators was performed among INCa correspondents for each theme. RESULTS: Several themes were defined: epidemiology, prevention and risk factors, screening, medical demography, health care offer, living conditions, costs and expenses, research. Data were classified according to: geographical coverage, age, gender, type of cancer, occupational categories. This information was collected for each indicator selected and was made available via the cancer data website (http://lesdonnees.e-cancer.fr). CONCLUSIONS: The available oncology indicators are numerous and scattered. Mapping can be a useful tool to facilitate access to these indicators. It should be regularly updated to reflect the most recent data.

[After cancer: after-eff ects, return to work and the right to forget]. / Après un cancer : séquelles, retour à l'emploi et droit à l'oubli.

AFTER CANCER: AFTER-EFFECTS. RETURN TO WORK AND THE RIGHT TO FORGET. The ten-year strategy 2021-2030 against cancers makes staying at work or returning to work after cancer a major priority. A growing number of patients are on the job market at the time of their cancer diagnosis, with a potentially long career future. The after-effects of the disease, and the gap between them and the professional world, present them with numerous difficulties. French national cancer institute (INCa) has launched several initiatives to help people stay in work and return to work, in particular to complement the measures developed by the League against Cancer. INCa has set up the «Cancer and Employment¼ Business Club, a forum for the exchange of best practices and experiences between employers and researchers in the human and social sciences. The «Cancer aide info réseau entrepreneur¼ (CAIRE) scheme supports self-employed patients in their professional careers, and gives them a voice in their professional ecosystem. Research initiatives are also undertaken. The social repercussions of the disease also include its impact on borrowing capacity, for both personal and business loans. The "right to be forgotten" for cancer sufferers applies 5 years after the end of the therapeutic protocol. A grid completes the system, and in certain cases enables insurances for a loan can be obtained on standard or similar terms, even before this period has elapsed. It also includes other pathologies such as HIV, hepatitis C and cystic fibrosis. Last but not least, health questionnaires have been abolished for loans under €200,000. The role of the health professional is paramount, providing advice and facilitating the completion of documents requested by insurers.

APRÈS UN CANCER : SÉQUELLES, RETOUR À L'EMPLOI ET DROIT À L'OUBLI. La stratégie décennale de lutte contre les cancers 2021-2030 fait du maintien et/ou retour au travail ou en activité après un cancer une de ses priorités. Un nombre croissant de malades sont sur le marché du travail au moment de la survenue du cancer, avec un horizon de carrière potentiel assez long. Ces malades doivent faire face à de nombreuses difficultés du fait des séquelles de la maladie mais souvent également du décalage qui s'installe entre eux et le monde professionnel. Les entreprises se sentent fréquemment démunies. L'Institut national de cancer (INCa) a lancé plusieurs actions pour favoriser le maintien et le retour à l'emploi, notamment en complément de dispositifs développés par la Ligue contre le cancer ; l'INCa a ainsi créé un club d'entreprises « Cancer et emploi ¼, espace d'échanges de bonnes pratiques et d'expériences entre employeurs et chercheurs en sciences humaines et sociales. Le dispositif « Cancer Aide Info Réseau Entrepreneur ¼ (CAIRE) accompagne les travailleurs indépendants malades dans leur parcours professionnel et porte leur voix auprès des acteurs de leur écosystème professionnel. Des actions de recherche sont également entreprises. Le retentissement social de la maladie concerne aussi la capacité d'emprunt, pour des prêts à caractère personnel ou professionnel. Le droit à l'oubli pour les personnes atteintes de cancer s'applique cinq ans après la fin du protocole thérapeutique. Une grille vient compléter ce dispositif et permet dans certains cas, avant même la survenue de ce délai, l'obtention d'une assurance pour un prêt aux conditions standard ou s'en rapprochant. Cette grille inclut également d'autres pathologies, comme le VIH, l'hépatite C ou la mucoviscidose. Enfin, les questionnaires de santé sont supprimés pour les assurances de prêts inférieurs à 200 000 €. La place du professionnel de santé est prépondérante, en apportant des conseils et en facilitant la complétion des documents demandés par les assureurs.

[Cancers: incidence and survival in metropolitan France]. / Cancers : incidence et survie en France métropolitaine.

CANCERS: INCIDENCE AND SURVIVAL IN METROPOLITAN France. Incidence and survival rates are key indicators for cancer surveillance. They also help to drive cancer control programs and public health policies. Focusing on the main cancer localisations, this paper describes the latest incidence (2023) and survival (2018) rates, as well as their evolutions since 1990 in metropolitan France. In 2023, the number of new cases of cancer was estimated to be 433 136, of which 57% occurring in men. Both gender considered, the most frequent cancers are: breast cancer (61 214 new cases), prostate cancer (59 885 new cases) and lung cancer (52 777 new cases). Although the « all cancer ¼ incidence rate as remained quite stable for 33 years in men, it has been raising by almost 1% per year in women. Regarding survival, the standardized net survival (SNS) at 5 years shows great disparities among tumor sites, and it is overall higher in women. Cancers with the best prognosis are thyroid cancer (SNS at 5 years: 96%), prostate cancer (93%), skin melanoma (93%) and uterine cancer (74%). On the contrary, a few tumor locations, including the pancreas (SNS at 5 years of 11%), the liver (18%) and the lung (20%) are still associated with a poor prognosis, even if survival rates have increased in most of cancer locations since 1990.

CANCERS: INCIDENCE ET SURVIE EN FRANCE MÉTROPOLITAINE. Les données d'incidence et de survie constituent des indicateurs essentiels à la surveillance des cancers et à l'orientation des politiques publiques en matière de lutte contre le cancer. Cet article résume les données les plus récentes d'incidence (2023) et de survie (2018) des principaux cancers, ainsi que leur évolution depuis 1990. En 2023, en France, le nombre total de nouveaux cas de cancers est estimé à 433 136 cas, dont 57 % chez l'homme. Tous sexes confondus, les cancers les plus fréquents sont le cancer du sein (61 214 nouveaux cas), le cancer de la prostate (59 885 nouveaux cas) et le cancer du poumon (52 777 nouveaux cas). Si le taux d'incidence « tous cancers ¼ est plutôt stable chez l'homme depuis 1990 (+0,3 % par an), il a augmenté de presque 1 % par an chez la femme. La survie nette standardisée (SNS) à cinq ans varie, quant à elle, considérablement selon les localisations, meilleure chez les femmes pour les cancers qui concernent les deux sexes. Les cancers de meilleur pronostic sont notamment ceux de la thyroïde (96 %), de la prostate (93 %), le mélanome de la peau (93 %) et le cancer du corps de l'utérus (74 %). À l'inverse, certains cancers fréquents, dont celui du pancréas (SNS à cinq ans de 11 %), du foie (18 %) ou encore du poumon (20 %), ont une survie qui reste défavorable, malgré une évolution encourageante de la survie dans la plupart des localisations depuis 1990.