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To contain the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19), a strict nationwide lockdown has been enforced and the health systems have been reorganized to deal with this entity. During this period, changes in the care of non-infectious diseases have been observed. Our aim was to describe the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the care of non-communicable diseases. A structured retrospective survey was carried out in 31 healthcare centers affiliated with the Asociación de Clínicas, Sanatorios y Hospitales Privados de la República Argentina y Cámara de Entidades de Diagnóstico y Tratamiento. We compared data for April 2019 versus April 2020 regarding emergency room consultations, hospital admissions, invasive procedures and treatments, and bed occupancy. In April 2020, we observed a decrease in emergency room visits (75%) and hospitalizations (48%). A 62% decrease in admissions was noted for angina pectoris and acute coronary syndromes and a 46% decrease in admissions for stroke and transient ischemic attack. A meaningful decrease was found in coronary angioplasties (59%) and total percutaneous interventions (65%), and also a decrease in general surgeries (73%), and cardiac surgeries (58%). Although social distancing measures are a key public health strategy to flatten the infection curve, the observed decrease in medical visits and interventions may impact negatively on cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and cancer related morbidity and mortality. A collective effort is required to avoid the unintended consequences and collateral damage of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Para contener la pandemia de COVID-19 se han adoptado medidas nacionales estrictas de aislamiento social y se han reorganizado los sistemas de salud. En este período, se observaron cambios en la atención de enfermedades no infecciosas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir las consecuencias de la pandemia de COVID-19 sobre la atención de enfermedades no transmisibles. Se realizó una encuesta estructurada retrospectiva a 31 centros asistenciales de la Asociación de Clínicas, Sanatorios y Hospitales Privados de la República Argentina y Cámara de Entidades de Diagnóstico y Tratamiento. Se compararon indicadores de abril de 2019 versus abril 2020. Se recolectaron datos sobre consultas de emergencia, ingresos hospitalarios, procedimientos invasivos, tratamiento y ocupación de áreas de internación. En ese periodo las consultas a emergencias y las hospitalizaciones disminuyeron en 75% y 48% respectivamente; los ingresos por angina de pecho y síndrome coronario agudo en 62% y los debidos a accidentes cerebrovascular e isquémico transitorio en 46%. Se encontró una disminución de las angioplastias coronarias (59%) e intervenciones percutáneas totales (65%), y un descenso tanto de las cirugías generales (73%) como de las cardíacas centrales (58%). Si bien el aislamiento social obligatorio es una estrategia clave de salud pública para aplanar la curva de propagación de la infección, la marcada disminución porcentual de consultas e intervenciones podría influir negativamente sobre la morbimortalidad cardiovascular, cerebrovascular y oncológica. Se requiere un esfuerzo conjunto para evitar una posible expansión del daño colateral del COVID-19.
Assuntos
Infecções por Coronavirus , Atenção à Saúde/organização & administração , Doenças não Transmissíveis/terapia , Pandemias , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde , Pneumonia Viral , Argentina , Betacoronavirus , COVID-19 , Efeitos Psicossociais da Doença , Hospitais Privados , Humanos , Quarentena , Estudos Retrospectivos , SARS-CoV-2 , Isolamento SocialRESUMO
BACKGROUND: We undertook a prospective electrocardiogram (ECG) substudy in the ESSENCE trial and hypothesized that patient subgroups with ST-segment deviation would experience greater benefit from enoxaparin, as compared with unfractionated heparin (UFH). METHODS: Of the 3171 patients in the trial, 3087 had a qualifying ECG available for analysis by the core laboratory. Patients were divided into 4 mutually exclusive groups based upon the qualifying ECG: (1) ST-segment elevation, (2) ST-segment depression, (3) T-wave inversions, or (4) others. RESULTS: The 30-day and 1-year primary outcomes (death, myocardial infarction, or recurrent angina) were significantly lower among patients with ST elevation or ST depression who received enoxaparin, as compared with UFH (20.8% vs 28.0%, P = .0019 and 32% vs 40.4%, P = .0011, respectively). The greatest absolute benefit of enoxaparin over UFH was seen in patients with ST depression (primary end point at 30 days, 24.6% vs 32.4%, P = .018; at 1 year, 35.5% vs 44.5%, P = .012). CONCLUSION: Specific recognition of patients with ST-segment depression appears to identify those not only at high risk for adverse outcome, but also patients most likely to derive the greatest benefit from enoxaparin, as compared with UFH therapy.
Assuntos
Angina Instável/tratamento farmacológico , Eletrocardiografia , Enoxaparina/uso terapêutico , Fibrinolíticos/uso terapêutico , Heparina/uso terapêutico , Infarto do Miocárdio/tratamento farmacológico , Angina Instável/mortalidade , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Multicêntricos como Assunto , Infarto do Miocárdio/mortalidade , Prognóstico , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Estudos Prospectivos , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Análise de Sobrevida , Síndrome , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Natural disasters, war, and terrorist attacks, have been linked to cardiac mortality. We sought to investigate whether a major financial crisis may impact on the medical management and outcomes of acute coronary syndromes. METHODS: We analyzed the Argentine cohort of the international multicenter Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE). The primary objective was to estimate if there was an association between the financial crisis period (April 1999 to December 2002) and in- hospital cardiovascular mortality, with the post-crisis period (January 2003 to September 2004) as the referent. Each period was defined according to the evolution of the Gross Domestic Product. We investigated the demographic characteristics, diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, morbidity and mortality. RESULTS: We analyzed data from 3220 patients, 2246 (69.8%) patients in the crisis period and 974 (30.2%) in the post-crisis frame. The distribution of demographic and clinical baseline characteristics were not significantly different between both periods. During the crisis period the incidence of in-hospital myocardial infarction was higher (6.9% Vs 2.9%; p value < 0.0001), as well as congestive heart failure (16% Vs 11%; p value < 0.0001). Time to intervention with angioplasty was longer during the crisis, especially among public sites (median 190 min Vs 27 min). The incidence proportion of mortality during hospitalization was 6.2% Vs 5.1% after crisis. The crude OR for mortality was 1.2 (95% C.I. 0.87, 1.7). The odds for mortality were higher among private institutions {1.9 (95% C.I. 0.9, 3.8)} than for public centers {1.2 (95% C.I. 0.83, 1.79)}. We did not observe a significant interaction between type of hospital and crisis. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that the financial crisis may have had a negative impact on cardiovascular mortality during hospitalization, and higher incidence of medical complications.
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Para contener la pandemia de COVID-19 se han adoptado medidas nacionales estrictas de aislamiento social y se han reorganizado los sistemas de salud. En este período, se observaron cambios en la atención de enfermedades no infecciosas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir las consecuencias de la pandemia de COVID-19 sobre la atención de enfermedades no transmisibles. Se realizó una encuesta estructurada retrospectiva a 31 centros asistenciales de la Asociación de Clínicas, Sanatorios y Hospitales Privados de la República Argentina y Cámara de Entidades de Diagnóstico y Tratamiento. Se compararon indicadores de abril de 2019 versus abril 2020. Se recolectaron datos sobre consultas de emergencia, ingresos hospitalarios, procedimientos invasivos, tratamiento y ocupación de áreas de internación. En ese periodo las consultas a emergencias y las hospitalizaciones disminuyeron en 75% y 48% respectivamente; los ingresos por angina de pecho y síndrome coronario agudo en 62% y los debidos a accidentes cerebrovascular e isquémico transitorio en 46%. Se encontró una disminución de las angioplastias coronarias (59%) e intervenciones percutáneas totales (65%), y un descenso tanto de las cirugías generales (73%) como de las cardíacas centrales (58%). Si bien el aislamiento social obligatorio es una estrategia clave de salud pública para aplanar la curva de propagación de la infección, la marcada disminución porcentual de consultas e intervenciones podría influir negativamente sobre la morbimortalidad cardiovascular, cerebrovascular y oncológica. Se requiere un esfuerzo conjunto para evitar una posible expansión del daño colateral del COVID-19.
To contain the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19), a strict nationwide lockdown has been enforced and the health systems have been reorganized to deal with this entity. During this period, changes in the care of non-infectious diseases have been observed. Our aim was to describe the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the care of non-communicable diseases. A structured retrospective survey was carried out in 31 healthcare centers affiliated with the Asociación de Clínicas, Sanatorios y Hospitales Privados de la República Argentina y Cámara de Entidades de Diagnóstico y Tratamiento. We compared data for April 2019 versus April 2020 regarding emergency room consultations, hospital admissions, invasive procedures and treatments, and bed occupancy. In April 2020, we observed a decrease in emergency room visits (75%) and hospitalizations (48%). A 62% decrease in admissions was noted for angina pectoris and acute coronary syndromes and a 46% decrease in admissions for stroke and transient ischemic attack. A meaningful decrease was found in coronary angioplasties (59%) and total percutaneous interventions (65%), and also a decrease in general surgeries (73%), and cardiac surgeries (58%). Although social distancing measures are a key public health strategy to flatten the infection curve, the observed decrease in medical visits and interventions may impact negatively on cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and cancer related morbidity and mortality. A collective effort is required to avoid the unintended consequences and collateral damage of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Assuntos
Humanos , Pneumonia Viral , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde , Infecções por Coronavirus , Atenção à Saúde/organização & administração , Pandemias , Doenças não Transmissíveis/terapia , Argentina , Isolamento Social , Hospitais Privados , Efeitos Psicossociais da Doença , Betacoronavirus , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Information regarding predisposing factors, frequency, and prognostic implications of new onset atrial fibrillation (NOAF) after carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is scarce. We assessed the frequency, risk factors, and the prognostic impact of NOAF after CEA. METHODS: We assessed every patient undergoing CEA (n = 186) at our academic hospital between 2006 and 2009. Patients underwent continuous electrocardiographic monitoring during surgery and during the rest of hospital stay. We performed univariate and multivariate analyses for identifying variables associated with NOAF and for individualizing variables related to four perioperative adverse outcome measures: a) ischemic stroke; b) ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction, c) ischemic stroke and death, and d) ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, and death. RESULTS: The study cohort comprised 186 patients. Overall, NOAF was detected in 7 cases (3.8%). The only variable associated with NOAF was intraoperative hypotension (OR 9.6, 95% CI 1.9-47.4, P = .006). There were no perioperative deaths. NOAF was associated with perioperative ischemic stroke and with the combined outcome of ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction. CONCLUSIONS: We found a low frequency of NOAF after CEA. Intraoperative hypotension was associated to a higher risk of NOAF. In turn, NOAF was related to adverse postoperative outcome. Further research is needed to clarify the pathophysiological relation between intraoperative hypotension, NOAF, and adverse CEA outcome.
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Fibrilação Atrial/diagnóstico , Endarterectomia das Carótidas/efeitos adversos , Hipotensão/diagnóstico , Complicações Intraoperatórias/diagnóstico , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Fibrilação Atrial/etiologia , Fibrilação Atrial/fisiopatologia , Estudos de Coortes , Eletrocardiografia/métodos , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Hipotensão/etiologia , Hipotensão/fisiopatologia , Complicações Intraoperatórias/etiologia , Complicações Intraoperatórias/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Introducción La cirugía de preservación de la válvula aórtica ofrece la única oportunidad de conservar la válvula en pacientes que requieren una intervención quirúrgica por enfermedad de la raíz aórtica. Objetivo Analizar los resultados a largo plazo de la cirugía de preservación de la válvula aórtica con técnica de reimplante en el Hospital Universitario Fundación Favaloro. Material y métodos Desde junio de 1998 a diciembre de 2011 se intervinieron 66 pacientes con cirugía de preservación de la válvula aórtica. Se incluyeron 53 pacientes operados con técnica de reimplante y se excluyeron 13 pacientes intervenidos con técnica de remodelación. Se realizó seguimiento clínico y ecocardiográfico. La insuficiencia aórtica se clasificó en: 0: ausente; 1+: leve; 2+: moderada; 3+: moderada-grave; 4+: grave. La supervivencia y la ausencia de insuficiencia aórtica > 2+ y de reoperación se analizaron con el método de Kaplan-Meier. Resultados La edad media de los pacientes fue de 45 ± 17 años, el 79% eran de sexo masculino, el 36% con síndrome de Marfan. La mortalidad hospitalaria y tardía fue del 3,8%. La supervivencia global a los 8 años fue del 91% (IC 95% 78-97%). La ausencia de insuficiencia aórtica > 2+ y de reoperación a los 8 años fue del 84% (IC 95% 66-92%) y del 90% (IC 95% 74-96%), respectivamente. La insuficiencia aórtica preoperatoria > 2+ no se asoció con insuficiencia aórtica > 2+ (RR 1,45; p = 0,16) ni con reoperación (RR 1,96; p = 0,4) durante el seguimiento. Conclusiones En nuestra experiencia, la cirugía de preservación de la válvula aórtica con técnica de reimplante en pacientes con patología de la raíz aórtica muestra resultados comparables a los de otras series internacionales publicadas. Esta técnica quirúrgica es una opción válida para pacientes seleccionados, correctamente informados sobre las diferentes técnicas quirúrgicas, y debe realizarse en centros con experiencia.
Introduction The aortic valve-sparing operation offers the unique possibility of preserving the native valve in patients who need surgical treatment for aortic root disease. Objective The aim of this study was to assess the long term outcome of the aortic valve-sparing operation with reimplantation technique at the Hospital Universitario Fundación Favaloro. Methods A total of 66 patients underwent aortic valve-sparing operation from June 1998 to December 2011. Fifty three patients operated on with the aortic valve reimplantation technique were included in the study and 13 patients operated with the remodeling technique were excluded. Clinical and echocardiographic follow-up was performed. Aortic insufficiency was graded as: 0: absent; 1+: mild; 2+: moderate; 3+: moderate-severe, and 4+: severe. Survival and freedom from aortic insufficiency >2+ and reoperation were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results Mean age was 45±17 years, 79% of patients were men and 36% had Marfan syndrome. In-hospital and late mortality was 3.8%. Survival at 8 years was 91% (95% CI: 78-97%). Freedom from aortic insufficiency > 2+ and reoperation at 8 years was 84% (95% CI: 66-92%) and 90% (95% CI: 74-96%), respectively. Preoperative aortic insufficiency >2+ was not associated with aortic insufficiency >2+ (RR 1.45; p=0.16) or reoperation (RR 1.96; p=0.4) during follow-up. Conclusions In our experience, the aortic valve-sparing operation with reimplantation technique in patients with aortic root disease shows comparable results to other published international series. This surgical technique is a valid option for eligible patients duly informed about the different surgical techniques, and should be performed in experienced centers.
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Introducción y objetivos: En Argentina, no se conocen datos de pacientes con hipertensión pulmonar (HP) con diagnóstico de certeza. El propósito del presente registro fue conocer las características de nuestra población de pacientes con HP del Grupo I de la clasificación de Dana Point 2008, hipertensión arterial pulmonar (HAP), estudiar la supervivencia y las variables asociadas a mayor mortalidad. Métodos: Estudio de cohorte de 134 pacientes admitidos por primera vez en el consultorio de HP de nuestra institución en el período comprendido entre enero/2004 y marzo/2012. Se excluyeron 9 pacientes; total analizado: 125 pacientes. Resultados: Edad promedio: 34 ± 15,7 años y la relación mujer/hombre: 3,8/1. Las etiologías más prevalentes fueron la HAP idiopática (HAPI) (61, 48.8%), asociadas a cardiopatías congénitas (35, 28%) y a colagenopatías (18, 14.4%). La supervivencia libre de trasplante o muerte fue de 63.2%; a 12, 24 y 36 meses la supervivencia fue del 94% (IC95% 88-97), 90% (IC95% 83-94) y 83% (IC95% 75-89), respectivamente. Las variables basales asociadas a mayor mortalidad y/o trasplante fueron la disnea clase funcional III/IV (OR 3.6 IC95% 1.5-8.9, p < 0.01), la distancia recorrida en la prueba de la caminata de 6 minutos menor de 380 m (OR 2.7 IC95% 1.1-6.5 p = 0.023) y el derrame pericárdico (OR 4.2 IC95% 1.3-14.6 p = 0.021). Conclusiones: Esta serie muestra las características y supervivencia actuales de pacientes con HP en un centro de referencia en Argentina. Variables de fácil obtención y reproducción permitieron estratificar subgrupos de mayor riesgo de muerte y/o trasplante en el seguimiento.
Introduction and objectives: There are no data on outcome of patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) in Argentina. The objective of this registry was to assess the characteristics of patients with PH belonging to the Group I Dana Point's 2008 classification, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), and to identify variables associated with outcomes. Methods: One hundred and thirty four patients were analyzed in a consecutive sequence. After excluding nine patients, 125 patients were analyzed. Results: The patients mean age was 34 years (SD±15,7) and the female/male ratio was 3.8/1. The most prevalent aetiologies were: idiopathic PAH (IHAP) (61, 48.8%), PH associated to congenital heart disease (35, 28%) and PH associated to connective tissue disease (18, 14.4%). Overall survival, excluding transplantation, was 63.2%; at 12, 24 and 36 months survival was 94% (CI 95% 88-97), 90% (CI 95% 83-94) and 83% (CI 75-89), respectively. Baseline variables associated to increased mortality or need for transplantation were functional class III/IV (NYHA) (OR 3.6 CI 95% 1.5-8.9, p <0.01), 6 minute-walk test distance shorter than 380 m (OR 2.7 CI 95% 1.1-6.5 p = 0.023) and pericardial effusion (OR 4.2 CI 95% 1.3-14.6 p = 0.021). Conclusion: This series shows characteristics and survival of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension at a reference centre in Argentina. Some readily available variables allowed us to stratify subgroups at a higher risk of death and/or transplantation during the follow up.
Assuntos
Hipertensão , Hipertensão PulmonarRESUMO
Introducción Existen antecedentes en la bibliografía científica que indican que las mujeres con enfermedad coronaria tienen peor pronóstico que los hombres y se observa asimismo una utilización menor de métodos diagnósticos e intervenciones en ellas, por lo que resulta de interés establecer si esta tendencia existe en nuestro país y las posibles asociaciones de valor pronóstico. Objetivos Investigar en una cohorte argentina de síndromes coronarios agudos las características clínicas, los tratamientos y la evolución a 2 años de seguimiento. Material y métodos Componente argentino del estudio cooperativo GRACE de 4.708 hombres y 2.027 mujeres con síndromes coronarios agudos sin supradesnivel persistente del segmento ST. Se analizaron antecedentes, tipo de presentación, diagnóstico definitivo, tratamientos farmacológicos, aplicación de revascularización e incidencia acumulativa de muerte e infarto recurrente en la etapa hospitalaria y a los 6 meses y a los 2 años de seguimiento. Resultados Las mujeres fueron mayores (69,4 ± 12,3 vs. 63,1 ± 11,9 años; p < 0,01), con mayor prevalencia de insuficiencia cardíaca e hipertensión. La proporción de signos de isquemia miocárdica en el electrocardiograma, así como la de enzimas miocárdicas en rango anormal fue similar para ambos géneros, con un uso significativamente menor de aspirina, clopidogrel y betabloqueantes en las mujeres, quienes tuvieron la mitad de chance de angioplastia (OR: 0,55, IC 95% 0,48-0,62) y de cirugía de revascularización (OR: 0,49, IC 95% 0,36-0,67), con mayores incidencias crudas de muerte e infarto en agudo y a los 2 años, pero sin diferencia en el riesgo relativo de eventos mayores una vez ajustado por edad y otras covariables. Conclusiones A pesar de un riesgo clínico similar en mujeres y hombres, las primeras recibieron menos intervenciones durante la fase hospitalaria. Nuestros resultados llaman a un adecuado alerta e intervenciones ajustadas al riesgo para el sexo femenino.
Introduction Bibliographic reports indicate that women with coronary disease have worse prognosis than men and are submitted to less diagnostic methods and interventions. It is, therefore, of interest to establish whether this tendency exists in our country and its potential prognostic associations. Objectives The aim of the study was to analyze in an Argentine cohort of acute coronary syndrome, the clinical characteristics, treatment and outcome at two-year follow up. Methods The Argentine component of the GRACE cooperative study included 4708 men and 2027 women with acute coronary syndrome without persistent ST-segment elevation. Previous history, type of presentation, final diagnosis, pharmacological treatments, revascularization and cumulative incidence of death and recurrent infarction were analyzed during hospitalization and at 6-month and 2-year follow-up. Results Women were older than men (69.4 ± 12.3 vs. 63.1 ± 11.9 years, p <0.01), and had greater prevalence of heart failure and hypertension. The proportions of ischemic electrocardiographic changes and abnormal cardiac enzymes were similar in both sexes. Use of aspirin, clopidogrel and beta blockers was significantly lower in women, who had 50% chance of undergoing either percutaneous coronary intervention (OR= 0.55;95% CI 0.48-0.62) or coronary artery bypass graft surgery (OR= 0.49; 95% CI 0.36-0.67) than men. The crude incidences of mortality and reinfarction during hospitalization and at two-year follow up were higher in women with no differences in the relative risk of major events after adjusting for age and other covariates. Conclusions Despite similar risk than men to that of men, women were exposed to fewer interventions during hospitalization. Our results should alert physicians to indicate antiischemic treatments and interventions adjusted to risk in women.
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Introducción La cirugía de Ross, empleada por cirujanos de diferentes partes del mundo desde su introducción en 1967 como alternativa quirúrgica en el tratamiento de la enfermedad valvular aórtica, tiene ventajas y beneficios que son bien conocidos. No obstante ello, trae aparejadas algunas preocupaciones que han limitado su aplicación, como su complejidad técnica y la incertidumbre, que aún existe, respecto de la durabilidad de sus sustitutos valvulares. Objetivo Analizar los resultados a largo plazo de la cirugía de Ross en el tratamiento de la enfermedad valvular aórtica en el Hospital Universitario Fundación Favaloro. Material y métodos Desde julio de 1995 hasta mayo de 2011, 253 pacientes consecutivos fueron intervenidos con cirugía de Ross. Se excluyeron 3 pacientes: 2 pacientes reoperados por una indicación no relacionada con la cirugía de Ross y 1 paciente por haber sufrido una lesión iatrogénica del autoinjerto. Se realizó seguimiento clínico y ecocardiográfico. La supervivencia, la ausencia de reoperación del autoinjerto y del homoinjerto y la ausencia de eventos valvulares relacionados (muerte, reoperación, tromboembolia, sangrado, endocarditis) se analizaron mediante curvas de Kaplan-Meier, la prueba de Wilcoxon y el log rank test. Resultados La edad media fue de 42 ± 14 años; el 72% de la población en estudio era de sexo masculino. La indicación quirúrgica comprendió: estenosis aórtica en el 50%, insuficiencia aórtica en el 36% y enfermedad aórtica en el 14%. La etiología más prevaleciente fue la válvula aórtica bicúspide (77%). El 85% de los procedimientos fueron aislados. La mortalidad hospitalaria fue del 3,2%. La supervivencia global a los 5 años fue del 95% (IC 95% 90-97%) y a los 12 años, del 92% (IC 95% 83-96%). Se diagnosticó disfunción del autoinjerto en 13 pacientes (5%). La ausencia de reoperación del autoinjerto a los 5 años fue del 100% y a los 12 años, del 95% (IC 95% 87-98%). Se diagnosticó disfunción del homoinjerto en 24 pacientes (10%). La ausencia de reoperación del homoinjerto a los 5 y a los 12 años fue del 99% (IC 95% 95-99,9%). La insuficiencia aórtica preoperatoria no se asoció con reoperación. La ausencia de eventos valvulares relacionados a los 10 años fue del 89% (IC 5%, 82-94%) y a los 12 años, del 85% (IC 95% 75-91%). Conclusión En nuestra experiencia, la cirugía de Ross se asoció con una tasa baja de eventos en el seguimiento a largo plazo, por lo que representa una opción quirúrgica válida para el tratamiento de la enfermedad valvular aórtica.
Background The Ross procedure was introduced in 1967 as a surgical treatment for aortic valve stenosis. Since then, the procedure has been used worldwide and has well-known advantages and disadvantages. However, the complexity of the procedure has limited its use and concern exists about the durability of valve substitutes. Objective To analyze the long-term outcomes of the Ross procedure in the treatment of aortic valve disease performed at the Hospital Universitario Fundación Favaloro. Methods Between July 1995 and May 2011, 253 consecutive patients underwent the Ross procedure. Three patients were excluded: two patients reoperated on due to an indication that was not related with the Ross procedure and one patient with iatrogenic injury of the autograft. All patients underwent clinical and echocardiographic follow-up. Survival rates, absence of autograft or homograft reoperation and of valve-related events (death, reoperation, thromboembolism, bleeding and endocarditis) were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves, Wilcoxon test and log rank test. Results Mean age was 42±14 years; 72% were men. Surgery was indicated due to aortic stenosis in 50% of cases, aortic regurgitation in 36% and aortic valve disease in 14%. Bicuspid aortic valve was the most common etiology (77%). Isolated procedures were performed in 85% of cases. In-hospital mortality was 3.2%. The overall survival rates at 5 years and 12 years were 95% (95% CI 90-97%) and 92% (95% CI 83-96%), respectively. Autograft dysfunction occurred in 13% of patients (5%). Freedom from autograft reoperation was 100% at 5 years and 95% at 12 years (95% CI 87-98%). Homograft dysfunction occurred in 24 patients (10%). Freedom from homograft reoperation was 99% at 5 years and 12 years (95% CI 95-99.9%). There was no correlation between preoperative aortic regurgitation and reoperation. The absence of valve-related events was 89% (95% CI 82-94%) at 10 years and 85% at 12 years (95% CI 75-91%). Conclusion In our experience, the Ross procedure was associated with a low long-term event rate, representing a valid surgical approach for the treatment of aortic valve disease.
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En el presente trabajo se analiza la relación costo/eficacia de la terapia antitrombótica con heparina estándar comparada con la enoxoparina para el tratamiento de los síndromes coronarios agudos tipo no-Q en la rama latinoamericana del estudio ESSENCE. Este estudio demuestra una reducción en el número de procedimientos de revascularización de urgencia, con la consiguiente reducción de costos, a favor de la heparina de bajo peso molecular. Este beneficio supera ampliamente el mayor costo de las dosis diarias de enoxaparina