RESUMO
Otitis media-associated outpatient visits among American Indians/Alaska Natives children <5 years old decreased by 52% (100 to 48 per 100 children per year) from 2003 to 2019. Otitis media visits decreased by another 50% from 2019 to 2020, but rebounded between 2020 and 2021 back to a rate similar to 2019.
Assuntos
Nativos do Alasca , COVID-19 , Indígenas Norte-Americanos , Otite Média , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Lactente , Indígena Americano ou Nativo do Alasca , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Otite Média/epidemiologia , Otite Média/prevenção & controle , Pandemias , Vacinas Pneumocócicas , Vacinas ConjugadasRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection can cause anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers. Many HPV infections and HPV-associated cancers are vaccine-preventable. Studies suggest long-term persistence of vaccine-induced antibodies. However, data are limited among Alaska Native people. METHODS: During 2011-2014, we enrolled Alaska Native children aged 9-14 years who received a 3-dose series of quadrivalent HPV vaccine (4vHPV). We collected sera at 1 month and 1, 2, 3, and 5 years post-vaccination to evaluate trends in type-specific immunoglobulin G antibody concentrations for the 4vHPV types (HPV 6/11/16/18). RESULTS: All participants (N = 469) had detectable antibodies against all 4vHPV types at all timepoints post-vaccination. For all 4vHPV types, antibody levels peaked by 1 month post-vaccination and gradually declined in subsequent years. At 5 years post-vaccination, antibody levels were higher among children who received 4vHPV at a younger age. CONCLUSIONS: Alaska Native children maintained antibodies against all 4vHPV types at 5 years post-vaccination.
Assuntos
Nativos do Alasca , Anticorpos Antivirais , Imunogenicidade da Vacina , Infecções por Papillomavirus , Humanos , Criança , Adolescente , Feminino , Infecções por Papillomavirus/prevenção & controle , Infecções por Papillomavirus/imunologia , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Masculino , Nativos do Alasca/estatística & dados numéricos , Alaska , Vacina Quadrivalente Recombinante contra HPV tipos 6, 11, 16, 18/imunologia , Vacina Quadrivalente Recombinante contra HPV tipos 6, 11, 16, 18/administração & dosagem , Vacinação , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Vacinas contra Papillomavirus/imunologia , Vacinas contra Papillomavirus/administração & dosagemRESUMO
We evaluated factors associated with the presence of hepatitis A virus antibodies 23 years after initiating vaccination at ages 6-15 months. Among 67 participants, 86% (42/49) of those vaccinated at ages 12-15 months and 61% (11/18) of those vaccinated at 6 months remained seropositive at 23 years. Lack of maternal antibodies at enrollment and higher initial vaccine response were independently associated with higher antibody concentrations at 23 years. Further research is needed to assess the duration of hepatitis A vaccine protection and possible need for a booster dose.