Molecular, morphometric and digital automated identification of three Diaphorina species (Hemiptera: Liviidae).

Diaphorina is a species-rich genus, native to the tropics and subtropics of the Old World, particularly of more arid regions. One of the species, Diaphorina citri, is the economically most important pest of citrus. Diaphorina species are morphologically similar which makes their identification difficult. In this study, the accuracy of DNA barcoding, using mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI), geometric morphometrics of the forewing and digital image processing methods were tested for identification of the three Diaphorina species: D. chobauti, D. citri and D. zygophylli. Moreover, the published COI sequences of D. citri, D. communis and D. lycii obtained from Genbank were used for cluster analyses. DNA barcodes for D. chobauti and D. zygophylli are deposited in Genbank for the first time. The results of the molecular and geometric morphometric analyses are congruent and place D. chobauti as the sister taxon of the other Diaphorina species. The geometric morphometric analysis shows that in D. zygophylli the fore margin is slightly curved proximally and sharply bent distally, while in D. chobauti and D. citri it is straight proximally and weakly bent distally. The results of digital image processing show that the distribution of the dark pattern differs consistently in the three studied species.

Molecular and morphometric identification of pistachio psyllids with niche modeling of Agonoscena pistaciae (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae).

Species of Agonoscena (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae) are key pests of pistachio in all of the most important pistachio producing countries in the Old World. The efficiency and accuracy of DNA barcoding for the identification of Agonoscena species were tested using mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (mtCO1) and cytochrome b (cytb) gene sequences. Moreover, morphometric sexual dimorphism was studied. Finally, the potential geographical distribution of Agonoscena pistaciae, the most important pistachio pest, was calculated using the MaxEnt model. Similar relationships of clustering were found in the morphometric analysis and the molecular analyses with mtCO1 and cytb genes, with A. bimaculata and A. pistaciae being closely related, and A. pegani constituting their sister group. Although the results showed that the cytb gene is a better marker for barcoding in this group, the mtCO1 gene clearly separates the three psyllid species making mtCO1 suitable for diagnostic purposes. A geometric morphometric analysis showed that the distance between landmark number 7 (bifurcation of vein M) to the fore margin of the forewing, and the distance between landmarks number 6 (apex of vein Cu1b) and 11 (wing base), are the most important geometric characters for diagnosing the studied species. Moreover, the forewing shape of males vs females is similar in A. pistaciae and A. bimaculata but differs significantly in A. pegani. In the ecological niche modeling of the distribution of A. pistaciae, the most important contribution was made by the variable 'minimum temperature of coldest period'. The most suitable areas for A. pistaciae are restricted to Eastern, Southern and some parts of Central Iran.

Phylogeny and historical biogeography of Gondwanan moss-bugs (Insecta: Hemiptera: Coleorrhyncha: Peloridiidae).

The moss bugs of the Peloridiidae, a small group of cryptic and mostly flightless insects, is the only living family in Coleorrhyncha (Insecta: Hemiptera). Today 37 species in 17 genera are known from eastern Australia, New Zealand, New Caledonia and Patagonia, and the peloridiids are thereby a group with a classical southern Gondwanan distribution. To explicitly test whether the present-day distribution of the Peloridiidae actually results from the sequential breakup of southern Gondwana, we provide the first total-evidence phylogenetic study based on morphological and molecular characters sampled from about 75% of recognized species representing 13 genera. The results largely confirm the established morphological phylogenetic context except that South American Peloridium hammoniorum constitutes the sister group to the remaining peloridiids. A timescale analysis indicates that the Peloridiidae began to diversify in the land mass that is today's Patagonia in the late Jurassic (153 Ma, 95% highest posterior density: 78-231 Ma), and that splitting into the three extant well-supported biogeographical clades (i.e. Australia, Patagonia and New Zealand/New Caledonia) is consistent with the sequential breakup of southern Gondwana in the late Cretaceous, indicating that the current transoceanic disjunct distributions of the Peloridiidae are best explained by a Gondwanan vicariance hypothesis.

Variation in sperm formation patterns in jumping plant-lice (Hemiptera: Psylloidea): a light microscopic study.

The patterns of sperm formation in sternorrhynchous jumping plant-lice are reviewed. To date information is available for 143 species belonging to 54 genera, 17 subfamilies and seven of the eight psylloid families (only Phacopteronidae is not represented). For the majority of the taxa (116 species, 39 genera, 10 subfamilies and the families Calophyidae, Carsidaridae and Liviidae) the data presented here is new and is based exclusively on studies using light microscopy. Five distinct patterns of chromatin reorganisation during metamorphosis of spermatids into spermatozoa are recognised, described and named here types I-V. Types I and III were previously known, types II, IV and V are described here for the first time for jumping plant-lice. The most widespread is type I which is found in every family representing the plesiomorphic condition of spermiogenesis in Psylloidea. Types III and V are autapomorphic for the Aphalarinae and Spondyliaspidinae, respectively. Type IV was found only in two genera of Euphyllurinae and may represent a synapomorphy. Type II occurs in several unrelated subfamilies and is interpreted as a homoplasy. The patterns of sperm formation are stable within most of the examined subfamilies and can be used, to a certain extent, to elucidate phylogenetic relationships within Psylloidea.

Thought to Be Extinct, but Still Alive Today: The Miocene Genus Primascena Klimaszewsi, 1997 (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) in the Light of Two Extant Species from Brazil.

Fossils can document the morphological diversification through time and date lineages, providing relevant characters are preserved. Primascena Klimaszewsi, 1997 was erected for P. subita Klimaszewsi, 1997 on the basis of a single, partly damaged male from Dominican amber. Originally assigned to Rhinocolidae: Paurocephalinae, the genus was subsequently transferred to Psyllidae: Aphalaroidinae. Recently, two undescribed species resembling the fossil species were discovered in Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul), allowing a detailed morphological study of adults and immatures. Based on the morphological study, a revised diagnosis of the genus is provided, including the previously unknown female and fifth instar immatures. Primascena subita is redescribed and P. empsycha n. spec. and P. ruprechtiae n. spec. are formally described and illustrated. An identification key is provided for the species of Primascena. A cladistic morphological analysis supports the placement of the two new species in Primascena, and of this genus in the Aphalaroidinae. It is sister to all but Aphalaroida, though with little support. The two Brazilian species develop on Ruprechtia spp. (Polygonaceae: Eriogonoideae), an unusual psyllid host. Immatures of P. ruprechtiae are free-living on the lower leaf face and do not induce galls.

Melanasterasinica He & Burckhardt, sp. nov., a new psylloid species (Hemiptera, Psylloidea, Liviidae) from China developing on Grewia sp. (Malvaceae).

Melanasterasinica He & Burckhardt, sp. nov., a new psylloid species developing on Grewia sp., is described from Hainan, China. It is the first Melanastera species reported from Asia and China, and the second species from the Old World. While New World species of Melanastera are mostly associated with the plant families Melastomataceae and Annonaceae, the two Old World species develop on the malvaceous Grewia, a host otherwise used in psylloids by two Haplaphalara species. The new species is described, diagnosed and illustrated, and its host plant and biogeographic ranges are discussed.

Diversity of bacterial endosymbionts and bacteria-host co-evolution in Gondwanan relict moss bugs (Hemiptera: Coleorrhyncha: Peloridiidae).

Many hemipterans are associated with symbiotic bacteria, which are usually found intracellularly in specific bacteriomes. In this study, we provide the first molecular identification of the bacteriome-associated, obligate endosymbiont in a Gondwanan relict insect taxon, the moss bugs (Hemiptera: Coleorrhyncha: Peloridiidae), which represents one of the oldest lineages within the Hemiptera. Endosymbiotic associations of fifteen species of the family were analysed, covering representatives from South America, Australia/Tasmania and New Zealand. Phylogenetic analysis based on four kilobases of 16S-23S rRNA gene fragments showed that the obligate endosymbiont of Peloridiidae constitute a so far unknown group of Gammaproteobacteria which is named here 'Candidatus Evansia muelleri'. They are related to the sternorrhynchous endosymbionts Candidatus Portiera and Candidatus Carsonella. Comparison of the primary-endosymbiont and host (COI + 28S rRNA) trees showed overall congruence indicating co-speciation the hosts and their symbionts. The distribution of the endosymbiont within the insect body and its transmission was studied using FISH. The endosymbionts were detected endocellularly in a pair of bacteriomes as well as in the 'symbiont ball' of the posterior pole of each developing oocyte. Furthermore, ultrastructural analysis of the Malpighian tubules revealed that most host nuclei are infected by an endosymbiotic, intranuclear bacterium that was determined as an Alphaproteobacterium of the genus Rickettsia.

Revision of the neotropical jumping plant-louse genus Mastigimas (Hemiptera, Psylloidea) attacking Cedrela and Toona species (Meliaceae).

The small Neotropical genus Mastigimas with five described species is revised. Three new species are added: Mastigimas colombianus sp. n. from Colombia on Cedrela montana, M. drepanodis sp. n. from Brazil (Paraná) on C. fissilis and M. reseri sp. n. from Jamaica collected in light traps. Another two species are recorded from Brazil and Colombia, respectively, which are not formally described due to insufficient material. The new species are described, and illustrations and identification keys are provided for all species. The last instar immatures are described for five species. The phylogeny within Mastigimas is analysed, and the biogeographic and host plant relationships are discussed.

Biology and systematics of gall-inducing triozids (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) associated with Psidium spp. (Myrtaceae).

Psidium myrtoides (Myrtaceae) shelters the gall inducer Nothotrioza myrtoidis gen. et sp. n. (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) which is described and illustrated here. Nothotrioza belongs to the family Triozidae and is probably most closely related to Neolithus, a monotypic Neotropical genus associated with Sapiun (Euphorbiaceae). Three species are recognized within Nothotrioza: the type species N. myrtoidis sp. n. associated with Psidium myrtoides, N. cattleiani sp. n. (misidentified by Butignol & Pedrosa-Macedo as Neotrioza tavaresi) with Psidium cattleianum, and N. tavaresi (Crawford) comb. n. (from Neotrioza) with an unidentified species of Malpighiaceae, respectively. A lectotype is designated here for Neotrioza tavaresi. Also, the diversity of insect galls associated with P. myrtoides and the biology of N. myrtoidis were examined. N. myrtoidis presents five instars and an annual life cycle synchronised with the phenology of P. myrtoides. Gall size was proportional to the insect developmental stages, and rates of parasitism and mortality were 15.7 % and 29.8 %, respectively. The red colour is an important macroscopic diagnostic feature of the gall that could be associated with parasite-free condition of the galling insect. The biological features presented by the system Psidium myrtoides--Nothotrioza myrtoidis are in accordance with other systems involving sucking galling insects, however, it is exceptional by its univoltine life cycle associated with a perennial plant in the Neotropics. The galls induced by the three known Nothotrioza spp. are morphologically similar, i.e. closed, globoid and unilocular, as well as the opening mechanism for releasing the adults.

Anoeconeossa bundoorensis sp. n., a new psyllid (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) from Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Myrtaceae) from Southeast Australia.

Anoeconeossa bundoorensis sp. n. is described from Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Myrtaceae) from southern Victoria in Southeast Australia. It is placed in the A. communis Taylor species-group as the paramere lacks combs of black rods. It differs from other members of the species-group, A. communis and A. bullata Taylor as it lacks an anterobasal expansion on the paramere and from A. unicornuta Taylor as the inner horn-shaped process of the paramere is reduced to a short spine and the apical expansion is more elongate, with a corresponding greater length of equidistant setae. Taxonomically relevant morphological details are illustrated and the species is diagnosed from other eucalypt inhabiting congeners. In-formation on the biology is presented.

Ctenarytaina bipartita sp. n. (Hemiptera, Psylloidea), a new eucalypt psyllid from Southeast Australia.

Ctenarytaina bipartita sp.n., associated with Eucalyptus kitsoniana and E. viminalis, is described from the Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Tasmania and Victoria. It differs from other described Ctenarytaina species in the paramere which bears a small posterior lobe. Taxonomically relevant morphological details are illustrated and the species is diagnosed from other eucalypt inhabiting congeners. Information on the biology is also given. C. bipartita has the potential to become an exported pest species to countries with significant eucalypt plantations.

A new Australian species of invasive psyllid, Acizzia convector Burckhardt & Taylor, sp. nov. (Psylloidea: Psyllidae) associated with Acacia auriculiformis and A. mangium (Fabaceae).

Acizzia convector Burckhardt & Taylor, sp. nov., a psyllid originating from Australia, is described from material from Australia (NT), South and Southeast Asia (Brunei, Cambodia, India, Laos, Malaysia [Sabah], Singapore and Thailand) and North America (USA [Florida from six counties]). The new species is diagnosed and illustrated, and a key is provided to identify the adults of Acizzia species adventive in the New World. The new species develops on Acacia auriculiformis and A. mangium (Fabaceae), two mimosoids planted and widely naturalised throughout the tropics. While the presence of A. convector sp. nov. in Florida is probably recent (earliest record from October 2014), it occurs in Southeast Asia at least since the 1980s. The wide distribution of the host plants in tropical Africa and South America would allow the psyllids also to occur there.

A review of the jumping plant-lice (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) of the Canary Islands, with descriptions of two new genera and sixteen new species.

The psyllid fauna of the Canary Islands is reviewed on the basis of recent field work on Tenerife, La Gomera, La Palma Gran Canaria and Lanzarote, as well as the examination of material deposited in several collections. Two new genera and 16 new species are described: Drepanoza Bastin, Burckhardt & Ouvrard gen. nov., Percyella Bastin, Burckhardt & Ouvrard gen. nov., Agonoscena atlantica Bastin, Burckhardt & Ouvrard sp. nov., A. sinuata Bastin, Burckhardt & Ouvrard sp. nov., Arytaina meridionalis Bastin, Burckhardt & Ouvrard sp. nov., Cacopsylla crenulatae Bastin, Burckhardt & Ouvrard sp. nov., C. falcicauda Bastin, Burckhardt & Ouvrard sp. nov., Diaphorina gonzalezi Bastin, Burckhardt & Ouvrard sp. nov., Drepanoza canariensis Bastin, Burckhardt & Ouvrard sp. nov., D. fruticulosi Bastin, Burckhardt & Ouvrard sp. nov., D. molinai Bastin, Burckhardt & Ouvrard sp. nov., Euphyllura confusa Bastin, Burckhardt & Ouvrard sp. nov., Percyella benahorita Bastin, Burckhardt & Ouvrard sp. nov., P. canari Bastin, Burckhardt & Ouvrard sp. nov., P. gomerita Bastin, Burckhardt & Ouvrard sp. nov., P. guanche Bastin, Burckhardt & Ouvrard sp. nov., Strophingia canariensis Bastin, Burckhardt & Ouvrard sp. nov. and S. paligera Bastin, Burckhardt & Ouvrard sp. nov. Arytaina insularis Loginova, 1976, stat. nov. is elevated from a subspecies of A. devia Loginova, 1976 to species rank. Five new combinations are proposed: Drepanoza fernandesi (Aguiar, 2001) comb. nov., D. lienhardi (Burckhardt, 1981) comb. nov., D. montanetana (Aguiar, 2001) comb. nov., D. pittospori (Aguiar, 2001) comb. nov. and Lauritrioza laurisilvae (Hodkinson, 1990) comb. nov., all transferred from Trioza. The hitherto unknown last-instar immatures are described for Megadicrania tecticeps Loginova, 1976, Cacopsylla atlantica (Loginova, 1976) and Lauritrioza laurisilvae (Hodkinson, 1990). We also report Agonoscena targionii (Lichtenstein, 1874) for the first time from the Canary Islands. Our review increases the number of known psyllid taxa from the Canary Islands to 24 genera and 62 species (one of which remains undescribed). Endemism, host plant relationships and biogeographic patterns are discussed. Keys for the identification of adults and immatures are provided, as well as information on host plants, distribution and predators.

On the identity of Cacopsylla nasuta (Horvth, 1904) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae).

Cacopsylla nasuta (Horvth), which is newly recorded from Iran, is redescribed based on specimens collected on Hippophae rhamnoides. The species is morphologically similar to but distinct from Cacopsylla hippophaes (Foerster). Morphological characters are discussed for separating the two taxa. It is concluded that C. nasuta is restricted to the mountain ranges of Iran, Central Asia, Siberia and probably the Caucasus, and C. hippophaes to Europe. Probably all previous records of C. hippophaes from Asia concern C. nasuta. Specimens from Afghanistan and Turkey, provisionally referred to C. nasuta, are not conspecific with specimens from Iran.

Check list of jumping plant-lice (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) of the Korean Peninsula.

An updated check list of Psylloidea from the Korean Peninsula is provided with information on the distribution of each species within the Peninsula and host plants based on published records and our own extensive field surveys. Five species (Calophya phellodendri Loginova, Calophya rhopenjabensis Li, Cacopsylla initialis (Loginova), Cacopsylla sibirica (Loginova) and Cacopsylla viburnicola (Li Yang)) are reported for the first time from Korea, bringing the number to 130 species in 32 genera and six families. Three generic and subgeneric names are synonymised: Bactericera Puton, 1876 = Spinotrioza Kwon Kwon, 2020, syn. nov.; Cacopsylla Ossiannisson, 1970 = Psylla (Koreopsylla) Kwon Kwon, 2020, syn. nov. = Cacopsylla (Megapteripsylla) Kwon Kwon, 2020, syn. nov. Three genera of Triozidae are redefined, viz. Dyspersa Klimaszewsi, 1968, Spanioza Enderlein, 1926 and Trichochermes Kirkaldy, 1904. Sixteen nominal species are synonymised: Celtisaspis japonica (Miyatake, 1968), nomen protectum = Arytaina cornicola Frauenfeld, 1869, nomen oblitum, syn. nov. = Celtisaspis guizhouana Yang Li, 1982, syn. nov. = Celtisaspis sinica Yang Li, 1982, syn. nov. = Celtisaspis zhejiangana Yang Li, 1982, syn. nov.; Celtisaspis usubai (Miyatake, 1980) = Celtisaspis beijingana Yang Li, 1982, syn. nov.; Calophya rhopenjabensis Li, 2011 = Calophya elaeocarpae Li, 2011, syn. nov.; Calophya verticornis Kwon, 1983 = Calophya melanocephala Li, 1997, syn. nov.; Cacopsylla araliae (Konovalova, 1981) = Cacopsylla (Hepatopsylla) aralicola Kwon Kwon, 2020, syn. nov.; Cacopsylla diaphana (Konovalova, 1981) = Psylla (Cacopsylla) peninsularis Kwon, 1983, syn. nov.; Cacopsylla moiwasana (Kuwayama, 1908) = Psylla micromeli Konovalova, 1981, syn. nov.; Cacopsylla nigella (Konovalova, 1979) = Psylla liaoli Yang Li, 1981, syn. nov. = Psylla sandolbaea Park Lee, 1982, syn. nov.; Livia jesoensis Matsumura, 1908 = Livia baegunsana Kwon Kwon, 2020, syn. nov.; Trichochermes grandis Loginova, 1965 = Trichochermes gemellus Loginova, 1974, syn. nov.; Trichochermes rhamnisugus (Li, 1994) = Trioza naria Kwon, Suh, An Huh, 1996, syn. nov.; Trioza quercicola Shinji, 1944 = Dyspersa hambaeksana Kwon Kwon, 2020, syn. nov. Five species are removed from synonymy: Cacopsylla cyphospila Li, 2011, stat. rev.; Cacopsylla fluctimaculata Li, 2005, stat. rev.; Cacopsylla gossypinmaculosa Li, 2011, stat. rev.; Cacopsylla nigrigenimacula Li, 2011, stat. rev.; Trioza chilgia Park Lee, 1980, stat. rev. Twenty five new combinations are proposed: Cacopsylla diaphana (Konovalova), comb. nov., Cacopsylla initialis (Loginova), comb. nov., Cacopsylla sibirica (Loginova), comb. nov., Cacopsylla silvestris (Bajeva), comb. nov.; all from Psylla; Dyspersa abdominalis (Flor), comb. nov.; Dyspersa achilleae (Wagner), comb. nov.; Dyspersa agrophila (Lw), comb. nov.; Dyspersa carpathica (Dobreanu Manolache), comb. nov.; Dyspersa chrysanthemi (Lw), comb. nov.; Dyspersa cirsii (Lw), comb. nov.; Dyspersa flixiana (Burckhardt Lauterer), comb. nov.; Dyspersa kantshavelii (Gegechkori), comb. nov.; Dyspersa liberta (Loginova), comb. nov.; Dyspersa mica (Loginova), comb. nov.; Dyspersa munda (Foerster), comb. nov.; Dyspersa schrankii (Flor), comb. nov.; Dyspersa senecionis (Scopoli), comb. nov.; Dyspersa stugma (Tuthill, 1939), comb. nov.; Dyspersa viridula (Zetterstedt), comb. nov.; Spanioza cocquempoti (Burckhardt Lauterer), comb. nov., Spanioza drosopouli (Burckhardt Lauterer), comb. nov.; Trichochermes marginepunctatus (Flor), comb. nov.; Trichochermes rhamni (Schrank), comb. nov.; all from Trioza; Triochochermes rhamnisugus Li, comb. nov. from Triozopsis; Trioza jejuensis (Kwon Kwon), comb. nov. from Dyspersa. Twelve previous combinations are reinstated: Bactericera calcarata (Schaefer), comb. rev. from Spinotrioza; Cacopsylla moiwasana (Kuwayama), comb. rev. from Acizzia; Dyspersa laserpitii (Burckhardt Lauterer), comb. rev.; D. lautereriella (Burckhardt), comb. rev.; D. mesembrina (Burckhardt), comb. rev.; D. pallida (Haupt), comb. rev.; all from Trioza; Togepsylla matsumurana Kuwayama, comb. rev. from Hemipteripsylla; Trioza camphorae Sasaki, comb. rev.; T. cinnamomi Boselli, comb. rev.; T. machilicola Miyatake, comb. rev.; T. quercicola Shinji, comb. rev.; T. usubai Matsumoto, comb. rev.; all from Dyspersa. One new replacement name, Cacopsylla kwonorum Cho Burckhardt, nom. nov., is proposed for Cacopsylla silvestris (Kwon, 1983), nec Cacopsylla silvestris (Bajeva, 1969). Comments are provided for some species.

Queiroziella gen. nov., a new genus of jumping plant-lice (Hemiptera, Psyllidae) from Southern Brazil associated with Mimosa scabrella (Leguminosae).

Queiroziella gen. nov., a new genus of Psylloidea (Psyllidae, Ciriacreminae), is erected for five new species developing on the multipurpose tree Mimosa scabrella (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae, mimosoid clade): viz. Queiroziella erato sp. nov., Q. euterpe sp. nov., Q. melpomone sp. nov., Q. terpsichore sp. nov. and Q. thalia sp. nov. Another species from Paraguay, associated with an unidentified Mimosa species, is transferred to the new genus as Queiroziella borealis (Burckhardt, 1987), comb. nov., from Zonopelma (Aphalaroidinae). The new taxa are diagnosed, described and illustrated, and keys are provided for the identification of adults and immatures. Morphologically, Queiroziella resembles Heteropsylla which is also associated with mimosoid legumes and with which it may be closely related. As their host, the new species are restricted to Southern Brazil. Queiroziella euterpe, Q. melpomone and Q. terpsichore are reported from the states of Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina and São Paulo, Q. thalia from Paraná and São Paulo, and Q. erato from Paraná. No clear phenological patterns were found though it seems that high psyllid populations coincide with new flush of the host plants. Despite that the psyllids occur sometimes in very high numbers, no visible damage could be detected on host trees. On the other hand, the honeydew of the psyllids may provide a food source for honey-bees during non-flowering periods of Mimosa scabrella.

Jumping plant-lice (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) of Kerman, Iran, with the description of one new Cacopsylla species.

In a faunistic survey of the jumping plant-lice (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) in the province of Kerman, Iran, in 2016‒2017, one undescribed species, Cacopsylla paraspiculata Lashkari Burckhardt, sp. nov., and one species new for Iran, Colposcenia orientalis (Klimaszewski, 1970), were collected. Descriptions and illustrations are provided for the two species as well as for Craspedolepta tadshikistanica Baeva, 1973. A revised checklist of jumping plant-lice from Kerman including 40 species of five families and 18 genera is presented based on literature records and recently collected material.

Neotropical jumping plant-lice (Hemiptera, Psylloidea) associated with plants of the tribe Detarieae (Leguminosae, Detarioideae).

The Detarieae, a small tribe of tropical arborescent Leguminosae, has been reported as host of two species of jumping plant-lice: the Neotropical Macrocorsa beeryi (Caldwell) on Hymenaea courbaril and the Afrotropical Retroacizzia mopanei (Pettey) on Colophospermum mopane. Here we add from Brazil 18 new species of Colophorina, Jataiba gen. nov. and Mitrapsylla from Copaifera, as well as nine species of Jataiba gen. nov. and Platycorypha from Hymenaea. In addition to Jataiba, a new genus which is created for five new species on Copaifera and one on Hymenaea, we erect the new genus Apsyllopsis for Psyllopsis mexicana, which is synonymised with Psyllia beeryi Caldwell. Two new combinations are proposed: Apsyllopsis mexicana (Crawford), comb. nov. from Psyllopsis, and Epiacizzia favis (Brown Hodkinson), comb. nov. from Euphalerus. The new taxa are described and illustrated, and keys are provided for the identification of adults and immatures, as far as known. Immatures of Apsyllopsis and Colophorina induce galls on the leaves whereas those of the other taxa are free-living. Colophorina spp. seem to be monophagous whereas members of the other genera tend to be oligophagous. All host species are associated with two or more psyllid species. Copaifera langsdorffii, which hosts 11 species of three genera, constitutes a super-host.

New fossil from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber confirms monophyly of Liadopsyllidae (Hemiptera: Psylloidea).

Amecephala pusilla gen. et sp. nov. is described and illustrated on the basis of a well-preserved female psyllid (Liadopsyllidae) in a piece of Cretaceous Myanmar amber. The new genus differs from other members of Liadopsyllidae in details of the antennae and forewings. For the first time, the presence of a circumanal ring is documented for Mesozoic psyllids. Based on differences in the length of female terminalia, it is suggested that Liadopsyllidae may have displayed a diversified oviposition biology. As far as known, Liadopsyllidae lack a pulvillus, a putative autapomorphy supporting the monophyly of Liadopsyllidae. An identification key to genera and an annotated checklist of known Liadopsyllidae species are provided. New synonyms and combinations are proposed and the status of the subfamily Miralinae is discussed.

Jumping plant lice of the genus Aphalara (Hemiptera, Psylloidea, Aphalaridae) in the Neotropics.

The Neotropical species of the predominantly north temperate genus Aphalara are reviewed. Four species are recorded here from this region, two of which are described as new. Aphalara ritteri sp. nov. occurs in southern Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina) and represents the first and only species reported from South America. A second new species, Aphalara ortegae sp. nov., is described from Mexico and Puerto Rico. Another two species, Aphalara persicaria Caldwell, 1937 and A. similaCaldwell, 1937, have been previously reported from Mexico and the USA, and one of them also from Cuba. The two new species are both associated with Persicaria hydropiperoides and P. punctata (Polygonaceae) on which the immatures induce leaf roll galls. The two new species are morphologically similar to A. persicaria, to which they are probably closely related. A key is provided for the adults and immatures of the Neotropical species of Aphalara.