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Cycling of organic carbon in the ocean has the potential to mitigate or exacerbate global climate change, but major questions remain about the environmental controls on organic carbon flux in the coastal zone. Here, we used a field experiment distributed across 28° of latitude, and the entire range of 2 dominant kelp species in the northern hemisphere, to measure decomposition rates of kelp detritus on the seafloor in relation to local environmental factors. Detritus decomposition in both species were strongly related to ocean temperature and initial carbon content, with higher rates of biomass loss at lower latitudes with warmer temperatures. Our experiment showed slow overall decomposition and turnover of kelp detritus and modeling of coastal residence times at our study sites revealed that a significant portion of this production can remain intact long enough to reach deep marine sinks. The results suggest that decomposition of these kelp species could accelerate with ocean warming and that low-latitude kelp forests could experience the greatest increase in remineralization with a 9% to 42% reduced potential for transport to long-term ocean sinks under short-term (RCP4.5) and long-term (RCP8.5) warming scenarios. However, slow decomposition at high latitudes, where kelp abundance is predicted to expand, indicates potential for increasing kelp-carbon sinks in cooler (northern) regions. Our findings reveal an important latitudinal gradient in coastal ecosystem function that provides an improved capacity to predict the implications of ocean warming on carbon cycling. Broad-scale patterns in organic carbon decomposition revealed here can be used to identify hotspots of carbon sequestration potential and resolve relationships between carbon cycling processes and ocean climate at a global scale.
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Kelp , Carbono , Sequestro de Carbono , Mudança Climática , EcossistemaRESUMO
Intramuscular fat (IMAT) infiltration, pathological adipose tissue that accumulates between muscle fibers, is a shared hallmark in a diverse set of diseases including muscular dystrophies and diabetes, spinal cord and rotator cuff injuries, as well as sarcopenia. While the mouse has been an invaluable preclinical model to study skeletal muscle diseases, they are also resistant to IMAT formation. To better understand this pathological feature, an adequate pre-clinical model that recapitulates human disease is necessary. To address this gap, we conducted a comprehensive in-depth comparison between three widely used mouse strains: C57BL/6J, 129S1/SvlmJ and CD1. We evaluated the impact of strain, sex and injury type on IMAT formation, myofiber regeneration and fibrosis. We confirm and extend previous findings that a Glycerol (GLY) injury causes significantly more IMAT and fibrosis compared to Cardiotoxin (CTX). Additionally, females form more IMAT than males after a GLY injury, independent of strain. Of all strains, C57BL/6J mice, both females and males, are the most resistant to IMAT formation. In regard to injury-induced fibrosis, we found that the 129S strain formed the least amount of scar tissue. Surprisingly, C57BL/6J of both sexes demonstrated complete myofiber regeneration, while both CD1 and 129S1/SvlmJ strains still displayed smaller myofibers 21 days post injury. In addition, our data indicate that myofiber regeneration is negatively correlated with IMAT and fibrosis. Combined, our results demonstrate that careful consideration and exploration are needed to determine which injury type, mouse model/strain and sex to utilize as preclinical model especially for modeling IMAT formation.
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Tecido Adiposo , Fibrose , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Músculo Esquelético , Regeneração , Animais , Masculino , Feminino , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Músculo Esquelético/patologia , Músculo Esquelético/fisiopatologia , Músculo Esquelético/lesões , Camundongos , Tecido Adiposo/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Caracteres Sexuais , Especificidade da Espécie , Glicerol/metabolismo , Glicerol/toxicidade , Camundongos da Linhagem 129RESUMO
We characterise the complete mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of Black rockfish (Sebastesmelanops Girard, 1856; n = 1), Dark rockfish (Sebastesciliatus Tilesius, 1813; n = 2) and Dusky rockfish (Sebastesvariabilis Pallas, 1814; n = 2). The lengths of the mitogenomes are 16,405 bp for S.melanops, 16,400 bp for both S.ciliatus and 16,400 and 16,401 bp for S.variabilis. We examine these species' phylogenetic relationships using 35 previously published rockfish mitogenomes, representing 27 species. We find that S.melanops is sister to a clade consisting of S.rubrivinctus, S.nigrocinctus, S.umbrosus and S.oculatus, whereas S.ciliatus and S.variabilis are sister to a clade consisting of S.norvegicus, S.viviparus, S.mentella and S.fasciatus. We were unable to separate S.ciliatus and S.variabilis using their complete mitogenomes.
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Background: Pain crises in sickle cell disease (SCD) lead to high rates of health care utilization. Historically, women have reported higher pain burdens than men, with recent studies showing a temporal association between pain crisis and menstruation. However, health care utilization patterns of SCD women with menstruation-associated pain crises have not been reported. We studied the frequency, severity, and health care utilization of menstruation-associated pain crises in SCD women. Materials and Methods: A multinational, cross-sectional cohort study of the SCD phenotype was executed using a validated questionnaire and medical chart review from the Consortium for the Advancement of Sickle Cell Research (CASiRe) cohort. Total number of pain crises, emergency room/day hospital visits, and hospitalizations were collected from a subcohort of 178 SCD women within the past 6 months and previous year. Results: Thirty-nine percent of women reported menstruation-associated pain crises in their lifetime. These women were significantly more likely to be hospitalized compared with those who did not (mean 1.70 vs. 0.67, p = 0.0005). Women reporting menstruation-associated pain crises in the past 6 months also experienced increased hospitalizations compared with those who did not (mean 1.71 vs. 0.75, p = 0.0016). Forty percent of women reported at least four menstruation-associated pain crises in the past 6 months. Conclusions: Nearly 40% of SCD women have menstruation-associated pain crises. Menstruation-associated pain crises are associated with high pain burden and increased rates of hospitalization. Strategies are needed to address health care disparities within gynecologic care in SCD.
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Anemia Falciforme , Menstruação , Masculino , Humanos , Feminino , Estudos Transversais , Dismenorreia/complicações , Anemia Falciforme/complicações , Anemia Falciforme/epidemiologia , Anemia Falciforme/terapia , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde , Disparidades em Assistência à SaúdeRESUMO
We report the complete mitochondrial genomes of two rockfish: Sebastes maliger and Sebastes norvegicus. The mitogenomes consist of 13 protein-coding regions, 22 tRNAs, two rRNAs, and one control region. Sebastes mitogenome control regions are highly variable due to the presence of repeat sequences. The mitogenomes for S. maliger and S. norvegicus are 16,403 and 16,401 bp, respectively. Using these two mitogenomes and 25 additional Sebastes mitogenomes from GenBank, we examine the phylogenetic relationships in Sebastes. Sebastes maliger is sister to a clade including S. rubrivinctus, S. nigrocinctus, S. umbrosus, and S. oculatus, while S. norvegicus is sister to S. fasciatus.
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The relationship between June sucker (Chasmistes liorus, Jordan, 1878) and Utah sucker (Catostomus ardens, Jordan & Gilbert, 1881) has been a matter of controversy since the mid 1900s. Chasmistes liorus is endemic to Utah Lake, UT and has a subterminal mouth adapted for pelagic feeding. Catostomus ardens is widely distributed throughout the Bonneville Basin and Upper Snake River Basin and has a ventral mouth adapted for benthic feeding. Chasmistes has been recognized as a separate ancient genus. Despite being morphologically distinct, no study has successfully identified residual genetic markers that separate these species. Of these studies, several have used a subset of mitochondrial genes, but no study has analyzed the complete mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of these suckers (Pisces: Catostomidae). To further explore the genetic relationships between these species, we report the complete mitogenomes of Chasmistes liorus and Catostomus ardens. DNA was sequenced using an Illumina HiSeq 2500 system and mitogenomes were assembled and annotated using Geneious v. 2021.2 and MitoAnnotator, respectively. The mitogenomes of Chasmistes liorus and Catostomus ardens are both 16,623 bp and are â¼0.072% divergent. We examine the phylogenetic relationship between Chasmistes liorus and Catostomus ardens using 33 mitogenomes, representing 16 species, from Catostomidae. Our data suggest that Chasmistes liorus is sister to Catostomus ardens. Additional samples from multiple localities and/or cohorts of these species will allow us to better resolve the complicated phylogenetic relationships between these species.
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BACKGROUND: Fear of falling avoidance behavior (FFAB) is common in parkinsonisms and results in potentially mitigable downstream consequences. OBJECTIVE: Determine the characteristics of individuals with parkinsonisms most associated with FFAB. METHODS: A retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted from medical records data of 142 patients with parkinsonisms. These data included: demographics (age, sex), disease severity (Movement Disorders Society -Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part III (MDS-UPDRS III), years since diagnosis), fall history (number of fall injuries in previous year), and gait and balance function (five times sit to stand, MiniBESTest, Timed Up and Go (TUG), dual-task TUG, ten-meter walk test (10MWT), observed freezing of gait (FOG) (MDS-UPDRS III item 11)). RESULTS: 10MWT (pâ<â.001) and MDS-UPDRS III item 11 (pâ<â.014) were significantly associated with FFAB above and beyond disease severity, which also contributed significantly to the overall model (psâ<â.046). Fall history was not associated with FFAB. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that the largest portion of variability in FFAB is explained by gait velocity and FOG; however, disease severity also explains a significant portion of the variability of FFAB. Further investigation into factors predictive of FFAB and mitigation of downstream consequences, using more robust designs, is warranted.
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Transtornos Neurológicos da Marcha , Doença de Parkinson , Acidentes por Quedas/prevenção & controle , Aprendizagem da Esquiva , Estudos Transversais , Medo , Marcha , Transtornos Neurológicos da Marcha/etiologia , Humanos , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: This retrospective radiographic evaluation provided a comparative assessment of long-term alterations of alveolar bone levels at sites with angular and horizontal bony defects that underwent open-flap debridement and did not undergo resective or regenerative periodontal therapy. METHODS: The investigation included 50 patients (27 met inclusion criteria) who had periodontal surgery and periodontal maintenance every 3 to 6 months and who presented with sites demonstrating radiographic angular defects and sites on adjacent or contralateral teeth that demonstrated horizontal bone loss. Subsequent to surgical therapy, alterations in bone levels at the alveolar crest of horizontal defects and at the base of angular defects were evaluated by comparing radiographs from the initial examination to those obtained after a period of periodontal maintenance (6 to 16 years; mean: 8.83 years). RESULTS: After periodontal therapy, sites with angular and horizontal alveolar bone loss had additional bone loss of 5.56% and 3.88%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Based on a defining criterion of 10%, the angular and horizontal sites were clinically equivalent with respect to the magnitude of osseous resorption that occurred after periodontal surgery and maintenance.
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Perda do Osso Alveolar/patologia , Perda do Osso Alveolar/terapia , Periodontite Crônica/terapia , Profilaxia Dentária , Adulto , Idoso , Perda do Osso Alveolar/diagnóstico por imagem , Perda do Osso Alveolar/cirurgia , Periodontite Crônica/cirurgia , Desbridamento , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prática Privada , Radiografia , Recidiva , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
AIMS: Lack of radiotherapy capacity has been cited as a reason for poor cancer outcomes reported in the United Kingdom. This modelling study was conducted to ensure sufficient capacity in the future and to aid health service planning. METHODS: The predicted changes in the incidence of each cancer type to 2015 were calculated using the age-period-cohort technique. To develop the model the indications for radiotherapy now and in 2015 were established, as were the fractionation schedules for each clinical scenario. The optimal radiotherapy utilisation rates and required radiotherapy capacity were estimated for 2005 and for 2015. RESULTS: Cancer incidence is expected to rise by 18.9% by 2015. In Scotland, the estimated optimal radiotherapy utilisation rate during initial management is 44.2-47.9%. The model suggested that currently for optimal delivery, the capacity for 195,300-256,300 fractions is required. Due to predicted changes in the patient population, it is anticipated that requirements will increase to between 276,400 and 354,200 fractions per annum by 2015. Based on the current working practices, this is a 20-54% increase in current capacity, or from 5 to 6-7.6 machines per million head of population. CONCLUSIONS: In order to meet the current and projected demand, a marked increase in the provision of radiotherapy machine capacity will be required in Scotland by 2015.
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Atenção à Saúde/normas , Neoplasias , Radioterapia/instrumentação , Humanos , Incidência , Neoplasias/epidemiologia , Neoplasias/radioterapia , Radioterapia/estatística & dados numéricos , Radioterapia/tendências , Dosagem Radioterapêutica , Escócia/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Meta-analyses have been widely used to estimate treatment effects in evidence-based dentistry. Few conferences, however, have used a systems approach to assure coherent data management and analysis. The purpose of this section is to describe the data management and statistical analysis for the State of the Science of Implant Dentistry (SSID) conference. This overview includes (a) a description of widely used clinical trial designs for implant dentistry, (b) a description of data management procedures specifically designed for the SSID conference, and (c) a description of the data analysis methodology, including descriptive analyses and meta-analyses. The use of the systems approach facilitated data abstraction and analysis.
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Implantação Dentária Endóssea , Metanálise como Assunto , Indexação e Redação de Resumos , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Estudos de Coortes , Congressos como Assunto , Coleta de Dados/métodos , Coleta de Dados/estatística & dados numéricos , Interpretação Estatística de Dados , Medicina Baseada em Evidências , Humanos , Prontuários Médicos , Estudos Prospectivos , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Projetos de Pesquisa , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
A new portable x-ray fluorescence (XRF) screening tool was evaluated for its effectiveness in arsenic (As) quantification in human finger and toe nails ([Formula: see text]). Nail samples were measured for total As concentration by XRF and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Using concordance correlation coefficient (CCC), kappa, diagnostic sensitivity (Sn) and specificity (Sp), and linear regression analyses, the concentration of As measured by XRF was compared to ICP-MS. The CCC peaked for scaled values of fingernail samples, at 0.424 (95% CI: 0.065-0.784). The largest kappa value, 0.400 (95% CI: -0.282-1.000), was found at a 1.3 µg g(-1) cut-off concentration, for fingernails only, and the largest kappa at a clinically relevant cut-off concentration of 1.0 µg g(-1) was 0.237 (95% CI: -0.068-0.543), again in fingernails. Analyses generally showed excellent XRF Sn (up to 100%, 95% CI: 48-100%), but low Sp (up to 30% for the same analysis, 95% CI: 14-50%). Portable XRF shows some potential for use as a screening tool with fingernail samples. The difference between XRF and ICP-MS measurements decreased as sample mass increased to 30 mg. While this novel method of As detection in nails has shown relatively high agreement in some scenarios, this portable XRF is not currently considered suitable as a substitute for ICP-MS.