Ambient Hot Box: An Instrument for Thermal Characterization of Building Elements and Constructive Materials.

In assessing the energy performance of buildings, the thermal performance of the structural components and building materials is crucial. Although reference catalogs are used to determine the thermal properties of construction materials, the use of novel materials or non-homogeneous mixtures, particularly with biomaterials, demands the development of new instruments that are capable of performing rapid, accurate and cost-effective thermal characterization. This study introduces the ambient hot-box, a new tool for measuring the thermal properties of construction components and heterogeneous materials. The paper provides a methodology for measuring a sample's benchmark and fresh materials using a streamlined hot-box-based instrument. Utilizing samples as a benchmark material, the new instrument is assessed, yielding transmittance values with errors below 4%. The electronic circuits, measurements techniques and instrument implementation are all described.

Extracellular Matrix Composition Modulates the Responsiveness of Differentiated and Stem Pancreatic Cancer Cells to Lipophilic Derivate of Gemcitabine.

BACKGROUND: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal disease. Gemcitabine (GEM) is used as the gold standard drug in PDAC treatment. However, due to its poor efficacy, it remains urgent to identify novel strategies to overcome resistance issues. In this context, an intense stroma reaction and the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been shown to influence PDAC aggressiveness, metastatic potential, and chemoresistance. METHODS: We used three-dimensional (3D) organotypic cultures grown on an extracellular matrix composed of Matrigel or collagen I to test the effect of the new potential therapeutic prodrug 4-(N)-stearoyl-GEM, called C18GEM. We analyzed C18GEM cytotoxic activity, intracellular uptake, apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy induction in both Panc1 cell line (P) and their derived CSCs. RESULTS: PDAC CSCs show higher sensitivity to C18GEM treatment when cultured in both two-dimensional (2D) and 3D conditions, especially on collagen I, in comparison to GEM. The intracellular uptake mechanisms of C18GEM are mainly due to membrane nucleoside transporters' expression and fatty acid translocase CD36 in Panc1 P cells and to clathrin-mediated endocytosis and CD36 in Panc1 CSCs. Furthermore, C18GEM induces an increase in cell death compared to GEM in both cell lines grown on 2D and 3D cultures. Finally, C18GEM stimulated protective autophagy in Panc1 P and CSCs cultured on 3D conditions. CONCLUSION: We propose C18GEM together with autophagy inhibitors as a valid alternative therapeutic approach in PDAC treatment.

A ZigBee-based wireless system for monitoring vital signs in hyperbaric chambers: Technical report.

This paper presents the replacement of a traditional wired communication link of the hyperbaric chambers with a wireless ZigBee-based system. This move allows a reduction in the costs of seals capable of withstanding the internal pressures and gives rise to a more versatile system. The new system is able to capture and process individual vital signs like the electrocardiography signal, and other analog sources, sending the data to an external computer and allowing analysis, representation and sharing with medical staff. This system solves such problems as the attenuation of the signal produced by the metal walls of the hyperbaric chamber and has a coverage area large enough to manage up to six patients with an effective data rate conversion of 2kHz. Furthermore, a battery-based and multiparameter platform is designed for multipatient hyperbaric chambers.

Divergent Roles of Mitochondria Dynamics in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most aggressive tumors; it is often diagnosed at an advanced stage and is hardly treatable. These issues are strictly linked to the absence of early diagnostic markers and the low efficacy of treatment approaches. Recently, the study of the metabolic alterations in cancer cells has opened the way to important findings that can be exploited to generate new potential therapies. Within this scenario, mitochondria represent important organelles within which many essential functions are necessary for cell survival, including some key reactions involved in energy metabolism. These organelles remodel their shape by dividing or fusing themselves in response to cellular needs or stimuli. Interestingly, many authors have shown that mitochondrial dynamic equilibrium is altered in many different tumor types. However, up to now, it is not clear whether PDAC cells preferentially take advantage of fusion or fission processes since some studies reported a wide range of different results. This review described the role of both mitochondria arrangement processes, i.e., fusion and fission events, in PDAC, showing that a preference for mitochondria fragmentation could sustain tumor needs. In addition, we also highlight the importance of considering the metabolic arrangement and mitochondria assessment of cancer stem cells, which represent the most aggressive tumor cell type that has been shown to have distinctive metabolic features to that of differentiated tumor cells.

Mitochondrial Elongation and OPA1 Play Crucial Roles during the Stemness Acquisition Process in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common type of pancreatic cancer with an overall 5-year survival rate of less than 9%. The high aggressiveness of PDAC is linked to the presence of a subpopulation of cancer cells with a greater tumorigenic capacity, generically called cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs present a heterogeneous metabolic profile that might be supported by an adaptation of mitochondrial function; however, the role of this organelle in the development and maintenance of CSCs remains controversial. To determine the role of mitochondria in CSCs over longer periods, which may reflect more accurately their quiescent state, we studied the mitochondrial physiology in CSCs at short-, medium-, and long-term culture periods. We found that CSCs show a significant increase in mitochondrial mass, more mitochondrial fusion, and higher mRNA expression of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis than parental cells. These changes are accompanied by a regulation of the activities of OXPHOS complexes II and IV. Furthermore, the protein OPA1, which is involved in mitochondrial dynamics, is overexpressed in CSCs and modulates the tumorsphere formation. Our findings indicate that CSCs undergo mitochondrial remodeling during the stemness acquisition process, which could be exploited as a promising therapeutic target against pancreatic CSCs.

Effect of Iron (III) Oxide Powder on Thermal Conductivity and Diffusivity of Lime Mortar.

One of the challenges in construction is the improvement of energy efficiency of buildings. Development of construction materials of low thermal conductivity is a straightforward way to improve heat isolating capability of an enclosure. Lime mortar has a number of advantageous and peculiar properties and was widely used until the "irruption" of Portland cement. Currently, lime mortar is still used in restoration of traditional buildings or, according to the urban regulations, in catalogued constructions. The goal of the present study is the improvement of the heat isolating capability of lime mortars. The strategy of this work is the addition of iron (III) oxide powder, which is one of the possible components forming the cements, to a base lime mortar. The reason to choose Fe2O3 was two-fold. The first reason is low thermal conductivity of Fe2O3 compared to lime mortar. The second reason is that the low solubility and small size of iron (III) oxide particles have an effect on the thermal conductivity across the lime particles. The effect of iron (III) oxide powder on the thermal conductivity has been experimentally determined by the hot-box method. It has been found that the insulating capacity and thermal inertia of lime mortar is improved significantly by the addition of Fe2O3 powder, increasing the energy saving of the enclosure.

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin-Mediated Induction of Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation and Differentiation.

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a hormone that specifically binds to luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) and exerts several roles, including the support of pregnancy and fetal gonadal steroidogenesis. Since hCG is also expressed by some tumor types, like breast cancer, many efforts have been made to study its role in neoplesia, with some studies showing a cancer-supportive role and others showing a cancer-protective role. A critical examination of the literature highlighted that the in vitro effect of hCG has been tested in the presence of fetal serum, which contains other gonadotropins, in the culture medium. Thus, we hypothesized that the use of serum in the cell culture medium might influence the cell response to the hCG treatment due to the presence of other hormones. Thus, we analyzed the in vitro effect of highly purified hCG on cell proliferation and the activation of the down-stream signal transduction pathway in three breast cancer cell lines, particularly focusing on MCF7, cultured in serum-deprived conditions. Our data show that hCG increases cell proliferation and activates the down-stream target Akt, together with a decrease of the LHR mRNA expression level. Finally, we also tested the differentiation capacity of hCG on MCF7 cancer stem cells (CSCs) and show that it favors the proliferation and differentiation of these cells, thus suggesting that hCG also renders cells more able to colonize and invade the organs.

Progressively De-Differentiated Pancreatic Cancer Cells Shift from Glycolysis to Oxidative Metabolism and Gain a Quiescent Stem State.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is typically characterized by high chemoresistance and metastatic spread, features mainly attributable to cancer stem cells (CSCs). It is of central interest the characterization of CSCs and, in particular, the study of their metabolic features in order to selectively identify their peculiarities for an efficient therapeutic approach. In this study, CSCs have been obtained by culturing different PDAC cell lines with a specific growth medium. Cells were characterized for the typical stem/mesenchymal properties at short-, medium-, and long-term culture. Metabolomics, proteomics, analysis of oxygen consumption rate in live cells, and the effect of the inhibition of lactate transporter on cell proliferation have been performed to delineate the metabolism of CSCs. We show that gradually de-differentiated pancreatic cancer cells progressively increase the expression of both stem and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition markers, shift their metabolism from a glycolytic to an oxidative one, and lastly gain a quiescent state. These quiescent stem cells are characterized by high chemo-resistance, clonogenic ability, and metastatic potential. Re-differentiation reverts these features, re-activating their proliferative capacity and glycolytic metabolism, which generally correlates with high aggressiveness. These observations add an important piece of knowledge to the comprehension of the biology of CSCs, whose metabolic plasticity could be exploited for the generation of promising and selective therapeutic approaches for PDAC patients.

Wireless transmission of biosignals for hyperbaric chamber applications.

This paper presents a wireless system to send biosignals outside a hyperbaric chamber avoiding wires going through the chamber walls. Hyperbaric chambers are becoming more and more common due to new indications of hyperbaric oxygen treatments. Metallic walls physically isolate patients inside the chamber, where getting a patient's vital signs turns into a painstaking task. The paper proposes using a ZigBee-based network to wirelessly transmit the patient's biosignals to the outside of the chamber. In particular, a wearable battery supported device has been designed, implemented and tested. Although the implementation has been conducted to transmit the electrocardiography signal, the device can be easily adapted to consider other biosignals.

Species identification in forensic samples using the SPInDel approach: A GHEP-ISFG inter-laboratory collaborative exercise.

DNA is a powerful tool available for forensic investigations requiring identification of species. However, it is necessary to develop and validate methods able to produce results in degraded and or low quality DNA samples with the high standards obligatory in forensic research. Here, we describe a voluntary collaborative exercise to test the recently developed Species Identification by Insertions/Deletions (SPInDel) method. The SPInDel kit allows the identification of species by the generation of numeric profiles combining the lengths of six mitochondrial ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene regions amplified in a single reaction followed by capillary electrophoresis. The exercise was organized during 2014 by a Working Commission of the Spanish and Portuguese-Speaking Working Group of the International Society for Forensic Genetics (GHEP-ISFG), created in 2013. The 24 participating laboratories from 10 countries were asked to identify the species in 11 DNA samples from previous GHEP-ISFG proficiency tests using a SPInDel primer mix and control samples of the 10 target species. A computer software was also provided to the participants to assist the analyses of the results. All samples were correctly identified by 22 of the 24 laboratories, including samples with low amounts of DNA (hair shafts) and mixtures of saliva and blood. Correct species identifications were obtained in 238 of the 241 (98.8%) reported SPInDel profiles. Two laboratories were responsible for the three cases of misclassifications. The SPInDel was efficient in the identification of species in mixtures considering that only a single laboratory failed to detect a mixture in one sample. This result suggests that SPInDel is a valid method for mixture analyses without the need for DNA sequencing, with the advantage of identifying more than one species in a single reaction. The low frequency of wrong (5.0%) and missing (2.1%) alleles did not interfere with the correct species identification, which demonstrated the advantage of using a method based on the analysis of multiple loci. Overall, the SPInDel method was easily implemented by laboratories using different genotyping platforms, the interpretation of results was straightforward and the SPInDel software was used without any problems. The results of this collaborative exercise indicate that the SPInDel method can be applied successfully in forensic casework investigations.

Caso Clínico: Quiste Óseo Aneurismático de Peroné Distal, Tratamiento con Aloinjerto Estructural / Case Report: Distal Fibula Aneurysmal Bone Cyst, Treatment with Structural Allograft

INTRODUCCIÓN: El quiste óseo aneurismático es una neoplasia benigna que aparece con mayor frecuencia en la segunda década de vida. Clínicamente se presenta como una masa que produce dolor y deformidad de la extremidad afectada; radiológicamente se caracteriza por lesiones líticas con tabicaciones internas y abombamiento de la cortical. Se presenta un caso donde se realizó un aloinjerto estructural para el tratamiento de esta patología. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente de sexo masculino, de 18 años de edad; con historia de 5 meses de evolución de dolor e impotencia funcional de extremidad inferior derecha; al examen físico se evidenció masa de 15 x 6 cm en tobillo derecho. La radiografía simple demostró una lesión lítica de tercio distal de peroné con adelgazamiento e insuflación de la cortical. El examen histopatológico fue positivo para células gigantes de tipo osteoclasto, cambios simplásticos, estroma miofibroblástico y extravasación eritrocitaria; datos compatibles con quiste óseo aneurismático. EVOLUCIÓN: Se realizó la resección en bloque de la masa tumoral del peroné, para la reconstrucción se utilizó un aloinjerto estructural más estabilización con placa de compresión dinámica y tornillo transindesmal; se realizó además una reconstrucción ligamentaria utilizando la técnica de Watson Jones. El paciente tuvo una evolución favorable, a los 16 meses del procedimiento se observó consolidación completa, además de una función articular conservada; no se evidenció recidiva en los 5 años posteriores de control. CONCLUSIÓN: El quiste óseo aneurismático es una patología benigna que siendo tratada en etapas iniciales, conlleva un mejor pronóstico y requiere de la realización de procedimientos quirúrgicos menos complejos. En pacientes con tumores de gran tamaño no es posible la realización de tratamientos convencionales; siendo la resección en bloque más la colocación de aloinjerto y estabilización ligamentaria, una alternativa terapéutica válida que permita preservar la extremidad.(ua)

BACKGROUND: Aneurysmal bone cyst is a benign neoplasm that presents more frequently in the second decade of life. Clinically It manifests as a mass that causes pain and deformity of the affected limb; radiologically, it is characterized by lytic lesions with internal septations and bulging of the cortex. A case is presented where a structural allograft was performed for the treatment of this pathology. CASE REPORT: 18 year-old male patient, with 5 month history of pain and functional impotence of right lower extremity; physical examination revealed a 15 x 6 cm mass in right ankle. X-ray showed a lytic lesion in the distal third of the fibula, with thinning an insufflation of bone cortex. The histopathological report was positive for giant cells (osteoclast-like cells), symplastic changes, myofibroblastic stroma and erythrocyte extravasation; data compatible with aneurysmal bone cyst. EVOLUTION: An en-bloc resection of the fibular tumor was performed, for the reconstruction a structural allograft plus stabilization with dynamic compression plate and transindesmal screw was used; a ligament reconstruction was also performed using the Watson Jones technique. The patient had a favorable evolution, at 16 months complete consolidation in addition to a preserved joint function was observed; there was no recurrence in the 5 years after control. CONCLUSION: The aneurysmal bone cyst is a benign condition that if treated in initial stages, has a better prognosis and requires less complex surgical procedures. In patients with large tumors, conventional treatment is not possible; en bloc resection plus allograft placement and ligament stabilization, is a valid therapeutic alternative to save the limb.(au)

Estudio Descriptivo: Tratamiento de Braquimetatarsia Mediante Callotaxis con Fijación Externa en el Hospital Luis Vernaza Junta de Beneficencia de Guayaquil. 2009 al 2015, Guayaquil - Ecuador / Descriptive Study: Treatment of Brachymetatarsia by Callotaxis with External Fixation, at the Luis Vernaza Hospital, "Junta de Beneficiencia de Guayaquil". 2009 to 2015. Guayaquil - Ecuador

INTRODUCCIÓN: La braquimetatarsia es una enfermedad poco conocida e infrecuente, consiste en el acortamiento de uno o más metatarsianos, generalmente congénita. Existen diversos tipos de tratamiento. El objetivo de este estudio es describir los resultados en el tratamiento mediante elongación ósea progresiva utilizando mini fijador externo. MÉTODOS: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo observacional, incluyeron siete pacientes en el periodo, entre enero 2009 a diciembre 2015, edad comprendida entre 13 y 53 años. Se realizó elongación por callotaxis con minifijador externo y seguimiento a los pacientes con controles clínicos y radiológicos durante un año. RESULTADOS: Los pacientes fueron de sexo femenino, presentaron afección de cuarto metatarsiano. Tiempo de alargamiento promedio de seis semanas, longitud promedio de alargamiento de 17 mm (15 a 20 mm). El fijador externo fue retirado después de observar la consolidación ósea del segmento elongado con una radiografía del pie en tres proyecciones. Se observó que los pacientes consultaron por deformidad estética, dolor al utilizar calzado debido a la deformidad de dedos adyacentes que acompañaba a su braquimetatarsia con metatarsalgia debida hiperqueratosis plantar y alteración en la parábola metatarsal. CONCLUSIONES: El alargamiento óseo mediante distracción progresiva, es una buena opción para el tratamiento con resultados satisfactorios. Se recomienda realizar tratamiento quirúrgico para corregir la deformidad y debe ser realizado después que cierren los cartílagos de crecimiento en el pie.

BACKGROUND: The brachymetatarsia is a little known and infrequent disease. It consists of shortening of one or more metatarsals, usually of congenital origin. There are several types of treatments; The goal of this study is to describe the results in the treatment with progressive bone elongation using external mini-fixator. METHODS: This is an observational descriptive study, which includes seven patients during the period of January 2009 and December 2015, aged between 13 and 53 years. All of them underwent lengthening through callotaxis with external mini-fixator, after the treatment, followed up for one year with clinical and radiographic controls. RESULTS: The patients were female and presented shortening of the fourth metatarsal. Lengthning average time six weeks, length average of 17 mm (from 15 to 20 mm). The external fixator was retreated after observing the bone healed of the section lenghtening with a radiograph of foot in three projections. Patients consulted for aesthetic deformity, pain for using footwear due to the anormality of the adjacent toes and pain for the hyperqueratosis and alteration in the metatarsal parabole. CONCLUSIONS: The bone lengthening through the progressive distraction is a good option to treat with satisfactory results. It is advisable surgical treatment to correct the deformity and the operation is realized after the growth cartilages

Caso Clínico: Uso de Aloinjerto Óseo Estructural en Tumor de Células Gigantes de Fémur / Case Report: Use Of Structural Bone Allograft In Giant Cell Tumor Of The Femur

INTRODUCCIÓN: El tumor de células gigantes óseo es muy raro y controversial en su comportamiento por lo que es predecible. El diagnóstico requiere biopsia previa antes de proceder al tratamiento.CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente masculino de 43 años de edad, mestizo, sin antecedentes personales o familiares de relevancia. Acude a consulta externa de ortopedia oncológica por presentar masa dura y dolorosa con aumento gradual de tamaño a nivel de rodilla derecha, deformidad, limitación funcional y crepitación. EVOLUCIÓN: El paciente fue sometido a biopsia de lesión a nivel de fémur distal derecho con reporte de anatomía patológica de tumor de células gigantes. Se realizó una resección ósea a nivel de tumor y tratamiento mediante colocación de aloinjerto estructural óseo, con un seguimiento de 2 años y obteniendo como resultado funcional una puntuación de 14/15 según la escala de Makin, se evidencio además osteointegración del injerto al hueso autógeno a los 15 meses. No presento infección, ni reabsorción del injerto, ni fatiga del material.CONCLUSIÓN: La cirugía de conservación de la extremidad utilizando los aloinjertos estructurales es una técnica favorable con funcionalidad y osteointegración adecuada, aumentando las expectativas y calidad de vida. Evitando amputaciones, artrodesis o prótesis tumorales cuyo costo beneficio con los años subsecuentes terminan siendo altos y deteriorando al paciente.

BACKGROUND: Bone giant cell tumor (GCT) is one of the least frequent, most controversial and least predictable tumors in its behavior. We present a case of GCT in the lower limb, which implied the distal femur. The diagnosis required a previous biopsy before proceeding with its en bloc resection, and treatment based on bone allograft. CASE REPORT: Male patient of 43 years of age, mestizo, with no relevant personal or family history. He went to the oncology orthopedics outpatient clinic for presenting a hard and painful mass with gradual increase in size at the level of the right knee, deformity, functional limitation and crepitus in that region, which is why he attends his assessment. EVOLUTION:The patient underwent a lesion biopsy at the level of the distal femur with a pathological anatomy report of giant cell tumor. Bone resection was performed at the tumor level and treatment was performed by allografting the bone structural allograft. A 2-year follow-up was performed and a score of 14/15 according to the Makin scale was obtained as functional results. Osteointegration of the graft to autogenous bone was also evidenced. Excellently at 15 months. We did not find infection, graft resorption or fatigue of the material. CONCLUSIONS: Limb preservation surgery represented by structural allografts is a favorable technique with adequate functionality and osteoingration, increasing the life expectancy of our patients and future revision possibilities. Avoiding amputations, arthrodesis or tumor prosthesis whose cost benefit with the subsequent years end up being high and deteriorating the quality of life in the patient.

¿Cómo fomentar la integración de niños con discapacidad intelectual a través del juego? Diseño de un kit / How could children with a mild intellectual disability be integrated through games? Design of a kit / Como promover a integração de crianças com deficiência mental através do jogo? Formulação de um kit / Comment favoriser l'intégration d'enfants ayant une déficience intellectuelle au travers du jeu? Conception d'un kit

Resumen Objetivo: Crear un kit para juego de rol de libre acceso para niños y niñas con discapacidad cognitiva leve, sus cuidadores y sus pares, que facilite la inclusión. Materiales y métodos: Este proyecto tuvo un abordaje interdisciplinario, integrando aportes de médicos, psicólogos, terapeutas ocupacionales y diseñadores industriales en de una metodología de investigación-acción, dentro del que se contó con entrevistas a los participantes, uso experimental del diseño y creación de un prototipo final. Resultados: MoJi es un kit de juego de acceso libre que promueve la inclusión social, involucrando tanto al niño con discapacidad intelectual leve como a su cuidador y a niños de edad similar. El kit incluye un proyector de luz en forma de personaje (Mo o Ji), fichas de luz para proyectar diferentes formas, y una guía de mapas que delimita el espacio de juego; todos los elementos pueden ser descargados de Internet para ser armados por el cuidador y el niño o niña con discapacidad intelectual, y fueron pensados para su uso en espacios públicos para llamar la atención de otros niños. Conclusiones: MoJi fue diseñado por un equipo interdisciplinario para favorecer el fortalecimiento de vínculos entre cuidadores y niños con discapacidad intelectual, así como la interacción espontánea entre estos últimos y otros niños de su edad; de este modo, se espera que se facilite su inclusión social. Además de esto, MoJi puede promover el desarrollo de autonomía, creatividad, habilidades motoras finas, y capacidad para explorar, adaptarse y desenvolverse en el entorno. Por esto, MoJi puede ser una excelente adición a cualquier baúl de juguetes, pero especialmente al de un niño con discapacidad intelectual.

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to create roleplay games for children with mild intellectual disability, their caregivers, and their peers, who promote their social inclusion. Materials and methods: This project had an interdisciplinary approach, integrating inputs from medical doctors, psychologists, occupational therapists and industrial designers. It followed an action-participation research methodology that included interviews to participants, experimental use of the design and creation of a final prototype. Results: MoJi is a free access playing kit that promotes social inclusion through the children with a mild intellectual disability, their caretakers, and their peer's involvement. The kit includes a light projector in the shape of a character (Mo or Ji), cards to project different shapes, and a map guide that delineates the space for the game. All elements can be downloaded to be assembled by the caregiver and the child with mild intellectual disability, and they were designed to be used in public spaces to attract the attention of other children. Conclusions: MoJi was designed by an interdisciplinary team to promote the strengthening of bonds between caregivers and children with intellectual disability, as well as the spontaneous interaction between the latter and other children of their age; this is expected to facilitate their social inclusion. Furthermore, MoJi may promote the autonomy, creativity, fine motor skills, and the ability to explore development, adaptation, and navigate the environment. Therefore, MoJi may be an excellent addition to any toy chest, but especially for children with intellectual disability.

Resumo Objetivo: Criar um kit para o jogo de papéis com livre acesso para criabas com deficiencia cognitiva leve, seus cuidadores e pares, para facilitar a inclusão. Materiais e métodos: Este projeto tomou uma abordagem interdisciplinar, integrando os aportes de médicos, psicólogos, terapeutas ocupacionais e designers industriais dentro de uma metodologia de pesquisa-ação, dentro da qual contou-se com entrevistas com os participantes, o uso experimental de design e a criação um protótipo final. Resultados: Moji é um kit jogo de livre acesso que promove a inclusão social, envolvendo tanto a criança com deficiência intelectual leve e seus cuidadores e até crianças de idade similar. O kit inclui um projetor de luz na forma de uma personagem (Mo ou Ji), fichas de luz para projetar várias formas, e um mapa de guia que demarca o espa9o de jogo; todos os itens podem ser baixados da internet para ser armado pelo cuidador e a criança com deficiência intelectual leve, e foram destinados para uso em espaços públicos para chamar a atenção de outras crianças. Conclusões: A produção científica publicada sobre a análise da situação da saúde corresponde a seu contexto atual, abordando desde os estudos avaliativos e cMoji foi projetado por uma equipe interdisciplinar para ajudar a fortalecer os laços entre cuidadores e criabas com deficiencia intelectual e para a interaçao espontãnea entre eles e outras crianças da sua idade. Assim, espera-se a facilitar sua inclusão social. Adicionalmente, Moji visa promover o desenvolvimento da autonomia, criatividade, habilidades motoras finas, além da capacidade de explorar, adaptar e adaptar-se no ambiente. Portanto, Moji pode ser um excelente complemento para qualquer caixa de brinquedo, especialmente para crianças com deficiencia intelectual.

Résumé Objectif: Créer un kit de jeu de role en libre acces pour enfants ayant une déficience cognitive légere, les personnes qui s'en occupent et leurs pairs, afin de faciliter l'inclusion. Matériaux et méthodes: Dans une approche interdisciplinaire, ce projet a intégré les contributions de médecins, psychologues, ergothérapeutes et dessinateurs industriels. La méthodologie de recherche-action a inclus des entretiens aux participants, ainsi que la conception expérimentale et la création d'un prototype final. Résultats: MoJi est un kit de jeu en libre acces qui favorise l'inclusion sociale, en impliquant autant l'enfant ayant une déficience intellectuelle légere que les personnes qui s'en occupent et les enfants d'age similaire. Le kit comprend un projecteur de lumiere ayant la forme d'un personnage (Mo o Ji), des fiches de lumiere pour projeter différentes formes, et un guide de cartes qui délimite l'espace de jeu. Tous les éléments peuvent etre téléchargés a partir de l'Internet pour etre armés par la personne qui s'occupe de l'enfant ayant une déficience cognitive, ou par l'enfant lui-meme. Ils ont été pensés pour etre utilisés dans des espaces publics de fa9on a attirer l'attention des autres enfants. Conclusions: MoJi a été con9u par une équipe interdisciplinaire pour aider a renforcer les liens entre les enfants ayant une déficience intellectuelle et les personnes qui s'en occupent, ainsi que l'interaction spontanée entre ces enfants et d'autres enfants du meme age, de fa9on a faciliter l'insertion sociale. De plus, MoJi peut favoriser le développement de l'autonomie, la créativité, la motricité fine et les capacités pour explorer, s'adapter et évoluer dans l'environnement. Par conséquent, MoJi peut etre un excellent apport a tout coffre a jouets, mais surtout a celui d'un enfant ayant une déficience intellectuelle.

Pruebas bioquímicas para la detección de metabolitos producidos en los errores innatos del metabolismo / Biochemical tests for the detection of metabolites produced in inborn errors of metabolism / Provas bioquímicas para a detecção de metabólitos produzidos nos erros inatos do metabolismo

Los errores innatos del metabolismo (EIM) son más de 550 enfermedades en las que se presenta una deficiencia o ausencia de proteínas con actividad enzimática, transportadora, receptora o estructural. Cada una de estas enfermedades es rara, pero su gran variedad hace que, consideradas en conjunto, sean la principal patología neonatal. Para la detección de los metabolitos producidos en los EIM se pueden utilizar pruebas cualitativas. Su utilidad radica en que son muy rápidas y de fácil acceso, y en que sirven como pruebas presuntivas para proceder a hacer exámenes más especializados o para enfocar el diagnóstico. Teniendo en cuenta su importancia para un diagnóstico temprano de los EIM, el objetivo del presente artículo es describir el funcionamiento de las pruebas bioquímicas de resorcinol, dinitrofenilhidrazina, nitrosonaftol, nitroprusiato y Hoesch, haciendo énfasis en los metabolitos que detectan.

Inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) are more than 550 diseases in which there is a deficiency or absence of proteins with enzymatic, transporter, receptor or structural activity. Individually these diseases are rare, but because of their wide variety they are, considered together, the largest neonatal disease. To detect metabolites produced in IEM qualitative tests can be used. They are easily accessible and fast to carry out, and serve as presumptive elements before proceeding to more specialized tests or to focus diagnosis. Given their importance for the early diagnosis of IEM, this article aims to describe the functioning of the following biochemical tests: dinitrophenylhydrazine, resorcinol, nitrosonaphtol, nitroprusside and Hoesch, emphasizing in the metabolites that they detect.

Os erros inatos do metabolismo (EIM) são mais de 550 doenças nas que se apresenta uma deficiência ou ausência de proteínas com atividade enzimática, transportadora, receptora ou estrutural. Cada uma destas doenças é rara, mas sua grande variedade faz que, consideradas em conjunto, sejam a principal patologia neonatal. Para a detecção dos metabólitos produzidos nos EIM se podem utilizar provas qualitativas. Sua utilidade radica em que são muito rápidas e de fácil acesso, e em que servem como provas presuntivas para proceder a fazer exames mais especializados ou para enfocar o diagnóstico. Tendo em conta sua importância para um diagnóstico precoce dos EIM, o objetivo do presente artigo é descrever o funcionamento das provas bioquímicas de resorcinol, dinitrofenilhidrazina, nitrosonaftol, nitroprusiato e Hoesch, fazendo ênfases nos metabólitos que detectam.