Molecular and serological prevalence of Coronavirus in Chiropterans: A systematic review with meta-analysis.

In recent years, and now especially with the arrival of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), there has been increased interest in understanding the role of bats in the dynamics of transmission and origin of this pandemic agent. To date, no systematic reviews have been published on this topic. This systematic review aimed to summarize and highlight the frequency of bat infections reported in currently available observational studies for coronavirus. The purpose of this study was also to examine the differences between the pool prevalence by technique and country. We performed a systematic literature review with meta-analysis, using three databases to assess coronavirus (CoV) infection in bats and its diagnosis by serological and molecular tests. We carried out random-effects model meta-analysis to calculate the pooled prevalence and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). In all, 824 articles were retrieved (1960-2021). After screening by abstract/title, 43 articles were selected for full-text assessment. Of these, 33 were finally included for qualitative and quantitative analyses. From the total of studies, the pool prevalence by RT-PCR (n=14,295 bats) for CoV was 9.8% (95% CI 8.7-10.9%); Italy reported the highest pooled prevalence (44.9%, 95% CI 31.6-58.1%), followed by the Philippines (29.6%). Regarding the ELISA, the pool prevalence for coronavirus from 15 studies, including 359 bats, was 30.2% (95% CI 14.7-45.6%). The results for coronaviruses with the MIF were significantly lower, 2.6% (95% CI 1.5-3.7%). A considerable proportion of infected bats tested positive, particularly by molecular tests. This essential condition highlights the relevance of bats and the need for future studies to detail their role as potential reservoirs of SARS-CoV-2. In this meta-analysis, bats were positive in almost 10% by RT-PCR, suggesting their relevance and the need to understand their potential participation in maintaining wild zoonotic transmission.

Inclusión body myositis: A differential diagnosis to consider in patients with myopathy refractory to immunosuppressants. Two case reports / Miopatía por cuerpos de inclusión: un diagnóstico diferencial que considerar en pacientes con miopatía refractaria a inmunosupresores. Reporte de 2 casos

ABSTRACT Inclusion body myositis is part of the group of inflammatory myopathies, representing 30% of this group of diseases, and is considered an orphan disease because its estimated prevalence is less than 5 per 10,000 inhabitants. It produces weakness and atrophy of the proximal and distal muscles. The pathophysiological mechanisms are mainly autoimmune, inflammatory, and degenerative. The cases are presented of two female patients who came to : the emergency department due to progressive loss of upper and lower limb strength, and progressive asymmetric muscle weakness.

RESUMEN La miositis por cuerpos de inclusión forma parte del grupo de las miopatías inflamatorias, de las que representa el 30%; es considerada una enfermedad huérfana, ya que se estima que su prevalencia es menor a 5 por cada 10.000 habitantes. Produce debilidad y atrofia de los músculos proximales y distales. Los mecanismos fisiopatológicos son principalmente autoinmunes, inflamatorios y degenerativos. Se presentan 2 casos de mujeres, quienes acudieron a urgencias por pérdida progresiva de la fuerza en miembros superiores e inferiores, con debilidad muscular asimétrica de curso progresivo.

Hereditary coproporhyria

Abstract Hereditary coproporphyria (HCP) is a congenital, autosomal dominant disorder which occurs in approximately two to five people per million inhabitants, worldwide. It is a diagnostic challenge in patients with acute abdominal pain. We present the case of a 17-year-old adolescent who debuted with atypical abdominal pain with no clear etiology. Elevated urinary porphobilinogen was found, which was treated with hematin. A genetic study concluded that the adolescent was a heterozygous carrier of the c.717T>A; p.Cys239 pathogenic nonsense mutation in the CPOX gene, leading to a diagnosis of hereditary copropophyria. The available national literature has presented cases diagnosed with acute intermittent porphyria in patients with abdominal pain of unknown origin, without covering the existing classifications of hepatic porphyrias and without detailing the genetic diagnosis; thus, this case is a contribution to the national case studies. (Acta Med Colomb 2021; 46. DOI:https://doi.org/10.36104/amc.2021.1950).