Cyclosorus Terminans Extract Alleviates Neuroinflammation in Insulin Resistant Rats.

High-fat diet consumption for an extended period causes obesity, systemic metabolic disturbance, and brain insulin resistance, resulting in neuroinflammation. Although the beneficial effect of Cyclosorus terminans extract on obesity-related insulin resistance has been demonstrated, little is known about how it affects neuroinflammation and brain insulin resistance in obese rats. Male Wistar rats were given either a normal diet (ND, n = 6) or a high-fat diet (HFD, n = 24) for a total of 14 weeks. At the beginning of the week, 13 rats in the ND group were given vehicle orally for 2 weeks, while rats on HFD diets were randomized to one of four groups and given either vehicle, 100 mg/kg/day of Cyclosorus terminans extract, 200 mg/kg/day of Cyclosorus terminans extract, or 20 mg/kg/day of pioglitazone orally for 2 weeks. After the experimental period, blood and brain samples were taken to assess metabolic and brain parameters. HFD-fed rats had obesity, systemic and brain insulin resistance, brain inflammation, microglial and astrocyte hyperactivity, and brain necroptosis. Treatment with 200 mg/kg/day of Cyclosorus terminans extract and pioglitazone equally attenuated obesity, insulin resistance, brain insulin dysfunction, and neuroinflammation in insulin resistant rats. Our findings suggest that Cyclosorus terminans extract may hold promise as a therapeutic agent for insulin resistance and neuroinflammation in obese conditions.

External Validation of the Individualized Prediction of Breast Cancer Survival (IPBS) Model for Estimating Survival after Surgery for Patients with Breast Cancer in Northern Thailand.

The individualized prediction of breast cancer survival (IPBS) model was recently developed. Although the model showed acceptable performance during derivation, its external performance remained unknown. This study aimed to validate the IPBS model using the data of breast cancer patients in Northern Thailand. An external validation study was conducted based on female patients with breast cancer who underwent surgery at Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai hospital from 2005 to 2015. Data on IPBS predictors were collected. The endpoints were 5-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). The model performance was evaluated in terms of discrimination and calibration. Missing data were handled with multiple imputation. Of all 3581 eligible patients, 1868 were included. The 5-year OS and DFS were 85.2% and 81.9%. The IPBS model showed acceptable discrimination: C-statistics 0.706 to 0.728 for OS and 0.675 to 0.689 for DFS at 5 years. However, the IPBS model minimally overestimated both OS and DFS predictions. These overestimations were corrected after model recalibration. In this external validation study, the IPBS model exhibited good discriminative ability. Although it may provide minimal overestimation, recalibrating the model to the local context is a practical solution to improve the model calibration.

Morphometric study of supratrochlear foramen of the humerus related with clinical implications in a thai population / Estudio morfométrico del foramen supratroclear del húmero relacionado con implicaciones clínicas en una población tailandesa

SUMMARY: Supratrochlear foramen (STF) is a perforation of bony wall that separates the olecranon fossa and the coronoid fossa. Its incidence varies among different races. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and morphometry of supratrochlear foramen among Thai population. A total of 640 dry humeri from 320 skeletons, 160 paired humeri of each sex, and known age were collected to study the prevalence of STF. The prevalence is reported categorized by sex and the side of humerus to identify whether there is a correlation. STF is categorized by shape and their metrics measured with digital vernier calipers. The ratio of transverse diameter (TD) and distance from the medial epicondyle to the lateral epicondyle (DMLE) were calculated to represent the size of STF. From 640 humeri, 404 cases were translucent septum, 133 cases were opaque septum, and 103 cases were recorded as foramen. In this study, the majority of supratrochlear foramen were oval-shaped, followed by irregular-shaped and round-shaped foramen. The ratio between TD and DMLE was 0.09±0.44 mm on the right and 0.08±0.41 mm on the left which was not significantly different. The findings can be used to understand the variation and location of supratrochlear foramen to help radiologists and orthopedic surgeons to avoid misdiagnosis of cystic lesion at the distal humerus.

RESUMEN: El foramen supratroclear (FST) es una perforación de la pared ósea que separa la fosa olecraneana y la fosa coronoides. Su incidencia varía entre las diferentes razas. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la prevalencia y la morfometría del foramen supratroclear entre la población tailandesa. Se recolectaron un total de 640 húmeros secos de 320 esqueletos, 160 húmeros emparejados de cada sexo y edad conocida para estudiar la prevalencia de FST. Se reportó la prevalencia categorizada por sexo y lado del húmero para identificar si existe correlación. FST se clasificó por forma y sus métricas se midieron con calibradores vernier digitales. Se calculó la relación del diámetro transversal (DT) y la distancia desde el epicóndilo medial al epicóndilo lateral (DEML) para representar el tamaño de STF. De 640 húmeros, 404 casos presentaban tabique translúcido, 133 casos tabique opaco y 103 casos se registraron como foramen. En este estudio, la ma- yoría de los forámenes supratrocleares tenían forma ovalada, seguidos de los forámenes de forma irregular y redonda. La relación entre DT y DEML fue de 0,09 ± 0,44 mm en el lado derecho y de 0,08 ± 0,41 mm en el lado izquierdo, no existiendo diferencias estadísticamente significativas. Los resultados pueden ser útil para comprender la variación y la ubicación del foramen supratroclear y ayudar a los radiólogos y cirujanos ortopédicos a evitar un diagnóstico erróneo de lesión quística en el húmero distal.

Anatomical variations of the dorsalis pedis artery in a Thai population / Variaciones anatómicas de la arteria dorsal del pie en una población tailandesa

SUMMARY: The dorsalis pedis artery (DPA) is a vital artery that supplies the foot and ankle area which is clinically important for palpating when taking the pulse. This research was performed on fresh cadaveric dissection of 40 legs by injecting paint into popliteal artery for tracking the dorsalis pedis artery and its branches. The present research revealed that the Thai population has an anatomical variation and different location of the DPA and exact location of DPA for estimating the location of the DPA and may have clinical implications. The statistically descriptive analysis elucidated the distances of the DPA to the lateral malleolus and medial malleolus which were 51.48 ± 7.27 mm and 42.62 ± 11.40 mm, respectively. The distance of the extensor hallucis longus (EHL) to the DPA was 14.29 ± 4.11 mm. The length of the dorsalis pedis artery which measured from artery on intermalleolar line to its dipping in 1st intermetatarsal space to be 122.03 ± 21.07 mm. The arcuate loop which is anastomosis U-loop of lateral tarsal arteries of the DPA was found 55 % in Thais population. There were no statistically significant differences of all parameters between the side and sex in DPA consideration. An understanding of the variations of the anatomical vasculature of DPA is essential for precise clinical assessment because exact anatomical knowledge and location can contribute to the pulse taking and be applied in surgical procedure.

RESUMEN: La arteria dorsal del pie (ADP) es una arteria vital que irriga eldorso del pie y el tobillo, y es clínicamente importante para la toma del pulso. Esta investigación se realizó en disección cadavérica de 40 piernas inyectando látex coloreado en la arteria poplítea para rastrear la ADP y sus ramas. La presente investigación reveló que en la población tailandesa la ADP tiene una variación anatómica y una ubicación diferente. Por tanto, determinar la ubicación exacta del ADP será útil para las implicaciones clínicas. El análisis estadísticamente descriptivo determinó que las distancias del ADP al maléolo lateral y al maléolo medial eran 51,48 ± 7,27 mm y 42,62 ± 11,40 mm, respectivamente. La distancia del tendón del músculo extensor largo del halux (ELH) al ADP era de 14,29 ± 4,11 mm. La longitud de la ADP, desde la línea intermaleolar hasta su entrada al primer espacio intermetatarsiano, era de 122,03 ± 21,07 mm. El asa arqueada, que es una anastomosis U-loop de las arterias tarsales laterales de la ADP, se encontró en un 55 % de la población tailandesa. No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas en todos los parámetros de la ADP entre el lado y el sexo. La comprensión de las variaciones de la variaciones anatómicas de la ADP es esencial para una evaluación clínica precisa. El conocimiento anatómico exacto y la ubicación pueden contribuir a la toma del pulso y ser útil en el procedimiento quirúrgico.