A Semi-Automatic Environmental Monitoring Device for Mercury and Cobalt Ion Detection.

A syringe-based, semi-automatic environmental monitoring device is developed for on-site detection of harmful heavy metal ions in water. This portable device consists of a spring-embedded syringe and a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane-based flow regulator for semi-automatic fix-and-release fluidic valve actuation, and a paper-based analytical device (PAD) with two kinds of gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) for sensitive Hg2+ and Co2+ ion detection, respectively. The thickness of the elastic PDMS membrane can be adjusted to stabilize and modulate the flow rates generated by the pushing force provided by the spring attached to the plunger. Also, different spring constants can drastically alter the response time. People of all ages can extract the fix-volume sample solutions and then release them to automatically complete the detection process, ensuring high reliability and repeatability. The PAD comprises two layers of modified paper, and each layer is immobilized with bovine serum albumin-capped gold nanoclusters (R-AuNCs) and glutathione-capped gold clusters (G-AuNCs), respectively. The ligands functionalized on the surface of the AuNCs not only can fine-tune the optical properties of the nanoclusters but also enable specific and simultaneous detection of Hg2+ and Co2+ ions via metallophilic Au+ -Hg2+ interaction and the Co2+ -thiol complexation effect, respectively. The feasibility of the device for detecting heavy metal ions at low concentrations in various environmental water samples is demonstrated. The Hg2+ and Co2+ ions can be seen simultaneously within 20 min with detection limits as low as 1.76 nm and 0.27 µm, respectively, lower than those of the regulatory restrictions on water by the US Environmental Protection Agency and the European Union. we expect this sensitive, selective, portable, and easy-to-use device to be valid for on-site multiple heavy metal ion pollution screenings in resource-constrained settings.

Biosensors for the Determination of SARS-CoV-2 Virus and Diagnosis of COVID-19 Infection.

Monitoring and tracking infection is required in order to reduce the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). To achieve this goal, the development and deployment of quick, accurate, and sensitive diagnostic methods are necessary. The determination of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is performed by biosensing devices, which vary according to detection methods and the biomarkers which are inducing/providing an analytical signal. RNA hybridisation, antigen-antibody affinity interaction, and a variety of other biological reactions are commonly used to generate analytical signals that can be precisely detected using electrochemical, electrochemiluminescence, optical, and other methodologies and transducers. Electrochemical biosensors, in particular, correspond to the current trend of bioanalytical process acceleration and simplification. Immunosensors are based on the determination of antigen-antibody interaction, which on some occasions can be determined in a label-free mode with sufficient sensitivity.

Electrochemical Determination of Interaction between SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein and Specific Antibodies.

The serologic diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the evaluation of vaccination effectiveness are identified by the presence of antibodies specific to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In this paper, we present the electrochemical-based biosensing technique for the detection of antibodies specific to the SARS-CoV-2 proteins. Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins (rSpike) were immobilised on the surface of a gold electrode modified by a self-assembled monolayer (SAM). This modified electrode was used as a sensitive element for the detection of polyclonal mouse antibodies against the rSpike (anti-rSpike). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to observe the formation of immunocomplexes while cyclic voltammetry (CV) was used for additional analysis of the surface modifications. It was revealed that the impedimetric method and the elaborate experimental conditions are appropriate for the further development of electrochemical biosensors for the serological diagnosis of COVID-19 and/or the confirmation of successful vaccination against SARS-CoV-2.

Dietary supplementation of fermented lemon peel enhances lysozyme activity and susceptibility to Photobacterium damselae for orange-spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides.

The waste recycling of lemon peel, as a functional feed additive in aquafeed was evaluated by estimating the effects of fermented lemon peel (FLP) supplementation in diet on growth performance, innate immune responses, and susceptibility to Photobacterium damselae of grouper, Epinephelus coioides. A basal diet was added FLP at 0%, 1%, 3%, and 5%. Four tested diets were each fed to juvenile grouper (initial weight: 15.89 ± 0.10 g, triplicate groups) in a recirculation rearing system for eight weeks. Fish fed diets with 0%-3% FLP exhibited higher (p < 0.05) final weight, weight gain, and feed efficiency than fish fed the 5% FLP-diet. After challenge test, fish fed the 3% FLP-diet appeared the lowest mortality, followed by fish fed the 1% FLP-diet, and lowest in fish fed 0% and 5% FLP-diets. Plasma lysozyme activities were higher in fish fed diets with FLP than in fish fed the FLP-free control diet before challenge test. After challenge, fish fed diets with 1% and 3% FLP showed highest lysozyme activities, followed by fish fed the diet with 5% FLP, and lowest in fish fed the control diet. Hepatic malondialdehyde content was higher in fish fed the control diet than in fish fed diets with 1%-3% FLP. Results found that diets supplemented with 1%-3% fermented lemon peel can enhance lysozyme activity and resistance to pathogen P. damselae of grouper.

DNA-Templated Copper Nanoprobes: Overview, Feature, Application, and Current Development in Detection Technologies.

Metal nanoprobes have recently attracted board research interestinr their application in establishing sensing systems due to their unique optical, electrical, physical, and chemical properties. In comparison to gold and silver nanoprobes, analytical platform based on copper nanoprobes (Cu-NPs) is still in the early stages of development. In this review, we focus on single-stranded, and double-stranded DNA capped Cu-NPs sensing systems which have been designed for various analytes, including metal ions, anions, small molecules, biomolecules (DNA, RNA, and protein, etc.). In addition, the application of Cu-NPs in biological labeling or bio-imaging platforms has also been introduced and summarized.

Olfactory ensheathing cells improve the survival of porcine neural xenografts in a Parkinsonian rat model.

BACKGROUND: Parkinson's disease (PD) features the motor control deficits resulting from irreversible, progressive degeneration of dopaminergic (DA) neurons of the nigrostriatal pathway. Although intracerebral transplantation of human fetal ventral mesencephalon (hfVM) has been proven effective at reviving DA function in the PD patients, this treatment is clinically limited by availability of hfVM and the related ethical issues. Homologous tissues to hfVM, such as porcine fetal ventral mesencephalon (pfVM) thus present a strong clinical potential if immune response following xenotransplantation could be tamed. Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) are glial cells showing immunomodulatory properties. It is unclear but intriuging whether these properties can be applied to reducing immune response following neural xenotransplantation of PD. METHODS: To determine whether OECs may benefit neural xenografts for PD, different compositions of grafting cells were transplanted into striatum of the PD model rats. We used apomorphine-induced rotational behavior to evaluate effectiveness of the neural grafts on reviving DA function. Immunohistochemistry was applied to investigate the effect of OECs on the survival of neuroxenografts and underlying mechanisms of this effect. RESULTS: Four weeks following the xenotransplantation, we found that the PD rats receiving pfVM + OECs co-graft exhibited a better improvement in apomorphine-induced rotational behavior compared with those receiving only pfVM cells. This result can be explained by higher survival of DA neurons (tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity) in grafted striatum of pfVM + OECs group. Furthermore, pfVM + OECs group has less immune response (CD3+ T cells and OX-6+ microglia) around the grafted area compared with pfVM only group. These results suggest that OECs may enhance the survival of the striatal xenografts via dampening the immune response at the grafted sites. CONCLUSIONS: Using allogeneic OECs as a co-graft material for xenogeneic neural grafts could be a feasible therapeutic strategy to enhance results and applicability of the cell replacement therapy for PD.

Blood Plasma Separation Using a Fidget-Spinner.

In this study, we present a simple, hand-powered, and electricity-free centrifuge platform based on a commercially available "fidget-spinner." The centrifugal force provided by this inexpensive and easy-to-use toy is sufficient to separate whole blood, producing a plasma yield rate and purity of 30% and 99%, respectively, separated in as little as 4-7 min. We verified the separated plasma by performing a paper-based HIV-1 p24 capsid protein enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, which achieved a recovery rate of up to 98%, indicating the plasma features extremely low matrix interference effects. These results demonstrate the reliability of the platform for practical use, in addition to greatly reducing the overall cost and time of analysis while retaining detection precision, making it suitable for medical applications in resource-limited regions of the world.

Statins and the risk of bleeding in patients taking dabigatran.

OBJECTIVES: Dabigatran etexilate is a direct thrombin inhibitor that clinicians increasingly prescribe to prevent stroke in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). Clinicians also commonly prescribe statins for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Little is known about the bleeding risk in patients taking a statin and dabigatran together. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and persistence of dabigatran after co-medication with statins. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a prospective, multicenter registry study of stroke patients with NVAF who initiated dabigatran therapy within 3 months after a clinically evident ischemic cerebrovascular event between 2013 and 2017. The main outcome measure was symptomatic bleeding after 90, 180, and 360 days. RESULTS: In total, 652 patients (336 statin users, 316 non-users) were followed for 1 year after dabigatran therapy. Cox multivariate analysis demonstrated that male sex, prior use of aspirin, and concurrent use of an antiarrhythmic drug were associated with a higher risk of bleeding at 360 days. After adjusting time-dependent covariates, statin users had a significantly lower bleeding risk (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.11, P < 0.001) than non-users. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that patients prescribed with statins had a higher rate of bleeding-free survival (P = 0.028). CONCLUSION: For secondary prevention of stroke in patients with NVAF who are taking dabigatran etexilate, co-prescription with a statin was associated with a lower risk of bleeding complications. Future research is needed to determine the pharmacological mechanism underlying this effect.

Investigation of the variants at the binding site of inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB in patients with end-stage renal disease.

BACKGROUND: A chronic inflammatory state is a prominent feature in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of genes involved in inflammation. Some genetic studies have demonstrated that the NF-κB genetic mutation could cause kidney injury and kidney disease progression. However, the association of a gene polymorphism in the transcription factor binding site of NF-κB with kidney disease is not clear. METHODS: We used the Taiwan Biobank database, the University of California, Santa Cruz, reference genome, and a chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing database to find single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at potential binding sites of NF-κB. In addition, we performed a case-control study and genotyped 847 patients with ESRD and 846 healthy controls at Tri-Service General Hospital from 2015 to 2016. Furthermore, we used the ChIP assay to identify the binding activity of different genotypes and used Luciferase reporter assay to examine the function of the rs9395890 polymorphism. RESULT: The results of biometric screening in the databases revealed 15 SNPs with the potential binding site of NF-κB. Genotype distributions of rs9395890 were significantly different in ESRD cases and healthy controls (P = 0.049). The ChIP assay revealed an approximately 1.49-fold enrichment of NF-κB of the variant type TT when compared to that of the wild-type GG in rs9395890 (P = 0.027; TT = 3.20 ± 0.16, GT = 2.81 ± 0.20, GG = 1.71 ± 0.18). The luciferase reporter assay showed that the NF-κB binding site activity in T allele was slightly higher than that in G allele, though it is not significant. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that rs9395890 is associated with susceptibility to ESRD in Taiwan population.

A fluorometric paper test for chromium(VI) based on the use of N-doped carbon dots.

Water-soluble nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (C-dots) were fabricated by microwave-induced decomposition of the precursor materials citric acid and N,N'-bis(2-aminoethyl)-1,2-ethanediamine. The C-dots were placed on portable paper strips with novel origami designs to simplified user operations. The intensity of the blue fluorescence, best measured at excitation/emission wavelengths of 330/420 nm, depends on the pH value in the range from pH 2 to 12. The C-dots on the paper stripe are shown to be a sensitive fluorescent probe for chromium(VI) via an inner filter effect. Response is linear in the 0.08 to 1 mM concentration range, and the detection limit (at S/N = 3) is 0.14 mM. The test was applied to the determination of chromium(VI) in (spiked) environmental water samples. Graphical abstract Schematic presentation of the water-soluble nitrogen-doped carbon dots (C-dots) as a fluorescent probe for Cr6+ based on an inner filter effect. The three-dimensional paper analytical device integrating C-dots was applied to the determination of Cr6+ in (spiked) environmental water samples.

Brain computerized tomography reading in suspected acute ischemic stroke patients: what are essentials for medical students?

BACKGROUND: Few systematic methods prioritize the image education in medical students (MS). We hope to develop a checklist of brain computerized tomography (CT) reading in patients with suspected acute ischemic stroke (AIS) for MS and primary care (PC) physicians. METHODS: Our pilot group generated the items indicating specific structures or signs for the checklist of brain CT reading in suspected AIS patients for MS and PC physicians. These items were used in a modified web-based Delphi process using the online software "SurveyMonkey". In total 15 panelists including neurologists, neurosurgeons, neuroradiologists, and emergency department physicians participated in the modified Delphi process. Each panelist was encouraged to express feedback, agreement or disagreement on the inclusion of each item using a 9-point Likert scale. Items with median scores of 7-9 were included in our final checklist. RESULTS: Fifty-two items were initially provided for the first round of the Delphi process. Of these, 35 achieved general agreement of being an essential item for the MS and PC physicians. The other 17 of the 52 items in this round and another two added items suggested by the panelists were further rated in the next round. Finally, 38 items were included in the essential checklist items of brain CT reading in suspected AIS patients for MS and PC physicians. CONCLUSIONS: We established a reference regarding the essential items of brain CT reading in suspected AIS patients. We hope this helps to minimize malpractice and a delayed diagnosis, and to improve competency-based medical education for MS and PC physicians.

Regulation of Noise-Induced Loss of Serotonin Transporters with Resveratrol in a Rat Model Using 4-[18F]-ADAM/Small-Animal Positron Emission Tomography.

Serotonin (5-HT) plays a crucial role in modulating the afferent fiber discharge rate in the inferior colliculus, auditory cortex, and other nuclei of the ascending auditory system. Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol phytoalexin, can inhibit serotonin transporters (SERT) to increase synaptic 5-HT levels. In this study, we investigated the effects of resveratrol on noise-induced damage in the serotonergic system. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were anaesthetized and exposed to an 8-kHz tone at 116 dB for 3.5 h. Resveratrol (30 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection [IP]) and citalopram (20 mg/kg, IP), a specific SERT inhibitor used as a positive control, were administered once a day for four consecutive days, with the first treatment occurring 2 days before noise exposure. Auditory brainstem response testing and positron emission tomography (PET) with N,N-dimethyl-2-(2-amino-4-[18F]fluorophenylthio)benzylamine (4-[18F]-ADAM, a specific radioligand for SERT) were used to evaluate functionality of the auditory system and integrity of the serotonergic system, respectively, before and after noise exposure. Finally, immunohistochemistry was performed 1 day after the last PET scan. Our results indicate that noise-induced serotonergic fiber loss occurred in multiple brain regions including the midbrain, thalamus, hypothalamus, striatum, auditory cortex, and frontal cortex. This noise-induced damage to the serotonergic system was ameliorated in response to treatment with resveratrol and citalopram. However, noise exposure increased the hearing threshold in the rats regardless of drug treatment status. We conclude that resveratrol has protective effects against noise-induced loss of SERT.

Chemical Gating of a Synthetic Tube-in-a-Tube Semiconductor.

A critical challenge to translating field effect transistors into biochemical sensor platforms is the requirement of a gate electrode, which imposes restrictions on sensor device architectures and results in added expense, poorer scalability, and electrical noise. Here we show that it is possible to eliminate the need of the physical gate electrode and dielectrics altogether using a synthetic tube-in-a-tube (Tube∧2) semiconductor. Composed of a semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotube nested in a charged, impermeable covalent functional shell, Tube∧2 allows the semiconducting conduction pathway to be modulated solely by surface functional groups in a chemically gated-all-around configuration. The removal of physical gates significantly simplifies the device architecture and enables photolithography-free, highly scalable fabrication of transistor sensors in nonconventional configurations that are otherwise impossible. We show that concomitant FET sensitivity and single-mismatch selectivity can be achieved with Tube∧2 even in a two-terminal, thin film transistor device configuration that is as simple as a chemiresistor. Miniaturized two-terminal field effect point sensors can also be fabricated, using a straightforward dice-and-dip procedure, for the detection of tuberculosis biomarkers.

Graphene as a functional layer for semiconducting carbon nanotube transistor sensors.

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) hold vast potential for future electronic devices due to their outstanding properties, however covalent functionalization often destroys the intrinsic properties of SWCNTs, thus limiting their full potential. Here, we demonstrate the fabrication of a functionalized graphene/semiconducting SWCNT (T@fG) heterostructured thin film transistor as a chemical sensor. In this structural configuration, graphene acts as an atom-thick, impermeable layer that can be covalently functionalized via facile diazonium chemistry to afford a high density of surface functional groups while protecting the underlying SWCNT network from chemical modification, even during a covalent chemical reaction. As a result, the highly functionalized carbon-based hybrid structure exhibits excellent transistor properties with a carrier mobility and ON/OFF ratio as high as 64 cm2/Vs and 5400, respectively. To demonstrate its use in potential applications, T@fG thin films were fabricated as aqueous ammonium sensors exhibiting a detection limit of 0.25 µM in a millimolar ionic strength solution, which is comparable with state-of-the-art aqueous ammonium nanosensors.

Effects of stroke on changes in heart rate variability during hemodialysis.

BACKGROUND: Stroke and low heart rate variability (HRV) are both associated with an unfavorable prognosis in hemodialysis patients. The relationship between stroke and changes in HRV during hemodialysis remains unclear. METHODS: This study measured differences between predialysis and postdialysis HRV (△HRV) in 182 maintenance hemodialysis patients, including 30 patients with stroke, to assess changes in HRV during hemodialysis, and also to compare results to 114 healthy controls. RESULTS: All predialysis HRV measurements had no differences between stroke patients and those without stroke, but were lower than healthy controls. Postdialysis very low frequency (VLF) (P < 0.001), low frequency (LF) (P = 0.001), total power (TP) (P < 0.001) and the LF/high frequency (HF) ratio (P < 0.001) increased significantly relative to predialysis values in patients without stroke, whereas postdialysis HRV did not increase in stroke patients. After multivariate adjustment, dialysis vintage was negatively associated with △VLF (ß = -0.698, P = 0.046), △LF (ß = -0.931, P = 0.009), and △TP (ß = -0.887, P = 0.012) in patients without stroke. Serum intact parathyroid hormone (ß = -0.707, P = 0.019) was negatively associated with △LF. Total cholesterol (ß = -0.008, P = 0.001) and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (ß = -0.474, P = 0.012) were inversely correlated with the △LF/HF ratio in patients without stroke. CONCLUSION: HRV in hemodialysis patients is lower than in the general population. Increase in △HRV was observed in hemodialysis patients without stroke but not in stroke patients. This result suggests suppressed autonomic nervous reactions against volume unloading during hemodialysis, which might contribute to unfavorable outcomes in hemodialysis patients but even more so in those with prior stroke. Nephrologists should notice the importance of △HRV especially in high-risk patients.

Nonsensory target-dependent organization of piriform cortex.

The piriform cortex (PCX) is the largest component of the olfactory cortex and is hypothesized to be the locus of odor object formation. The distributed odorant representation found in PCX contrasts sharply with the topographical representation seen in other primary sensory cortices, making it difficult to test this view. Recent work in PCX has focused on functional characteristics of these distributed afferent and association fiber systems. However, information regarding the efferent projections of PCX and how those may be involved in odor representation and object recognition has been largely ignored. To investigate this aspect of PCX, we have used the efferent pathway from mouse PCX to the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). Using double fluorescent retrograde tracing, we identified the output neurons (OPNs) of the PCX that project to two subdivisions of the OFC, the agranular insula and the lateral orbitofrontal cortex (AI-OPNs and LO-OPNs, respectively). We found that both AI-OPNs and LO-OPNs showed a distinct spatial topography within the PCX and fewer than 10% projected to both the AI and the LO as judged by double-labeling. These data revealed that the efferent component of the PCX may be topographically organized. Further, these data suggest a model for functional organization of the PCX in which the OPNs are grouped into parallel output circuits that provide olfactory information to different higher centers. The distributed afferent input from the olfactory bulb and the local PCX association circuits would then ensure a complete olfactory representation, pattern recognition capability, and neuroplasticity in each efferent circuit.

Clinical implication of hemorrhagic transformation in ischemic stroke patients treated with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator.

To determine the clinical implications of hemorrhagic transformation (HT) after thrombolysis, 241 eligible patients receiving alteplase for acute ischemic stroke were studied. HT was classified, according to the European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study criteria, as hemorrhagic infarction (HI) or parenchymal hemorrhage (PH). Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (SICH) was defined according to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke study. A novel classification, clinically significant intracranial hemorrhage (CSICH) was defined as HTs associated with an unfavorable clinical outcome (modified Rankin Scale 5-6) at 3 months. For all subtypes of HT, we found that patients receiving alteplase were more often in the standard-dose group (0.90 ± 0.02 mg/kg) than in the lower dose group (0.72 ± 0.07 mg/kg). PH and SICH were related to an unfavorable clinical outcome, while HI was not. There was a positive trend between age and CSICH in patients receiving the standard dose (P = 0.0101), and between alteplase dose and CSICH in patients ≥70 years old (P = 0.0228). All PHs (including asymptomatic PHs) and symptomatic HIs have been found to be associated with unfavorable outcome, and for this reason defined as CSICH. Independent predictors of CSICH were age ≥70 years and the standard dose of alteplase. Further studies of thrombolysis for ischemic stroke with different doses of alteplase are warranted.

Selective breakdown of metallic pathways in double-walled carbon nanotube networks.

Covalently functionalized, semiconducting double-walled carbon nanotubes exhibit remarkable properties and can outperform their single-walled carbon nanotube counterparts. In order to harness their potential for electronic applications, metallic double-walled carbon nanotubes must be separated from the semiconductors. However, the inner wall is inaccessible to current separation techniques which rely on the surface properties. Here, the first approach to address this challenge through electrical breakdown of metallic double-walled carbon nanotubes, both inner and outer walls, within networks of mixed electronic types is described. The intact semiconductors demonstrate a ∼62% retention of the ON-state conductance in thin film transistors in response to covalent functionalization. The selective elimination of the metallic pathways improves the ON/OFF ratio, by more than 360 times, to as high as 40 700, while simultaneously retaining high ON-state conductance.

Mechanotransduction in intervertebral discs.

Mechanotransduction plays a critical role in intracellular functioning--it allows cells to translate external physical forces into internal biochemical activities, thereby affecting processes ranging from proliferation and apoptosis to gene expression and protein synthesis in a complex web of interactions and reactions. Accordingly, aberrant mechanotransduction can either lead to, or be a result of, a variety of diseases or degenerative states. In this review, we provide an overview of mechanotransduction in the context of intervertebral discs, with a focus on the latest methods of investigating mechanotransduction and the most recent findings regarding the means and effects of mechanotransduction in healthy and degenerative discs. We also provide some discussion of potential directions for future research and treatments.

Detection of mercury(II) ions using colorimetric gold nanoparticles on paper-based analytical devices.

An on-field colorimetric sensing strategy employing gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and a paper-based analytical platform was investigated for mercury ion (Hg(2+)) detection at water sources. By utilizing thymine-Hg(2+)-thymine (T-Hg(2+)-T) coordination chemistry, label-free detection oligonucleotide sequences were attached to unmodified gold nanoparticles to provide rapid mercury ion sensing without complicated and time-consuming thiolated or other costly labeled probe preparation processes. Not only is this strategy's sensing mechanism specific toward Hg(2+), rather than other metal ions, but also the conformational change in the detection oligonucleotide sequences introduces different degrees of AuNP aggregation that causes the color of AuNPs to exhibit a mixture variance. To eliminate the use of sophisticated equipment and minimize the power requirement for data analysis and transmission, the color variance of multiple detection results were transferred and concentrated on cellulose-based paper analytical devices, and the data were subsequently transmitted for the readout and storage of results using cloud computing via a smartphone. As a result, a detection limit of 50 nM for Hg(2+) spiked pond and river water could be achieved. Furthermore, multiple tests could be performed simultaneously with a 40 min turnaround time. These results suggest that the proposed platform possesses the capability for sensitive and high-throughput on-site mercury pollution monitoring in resource-constrained settings.