The novel protein suppressed in lung cancer down-regulated in lung cancer tissues retards cell proliferation and inhibits the oncokinase Aurora-A.

INTRODUCTION: In an attempt to search for genes with abnormal expression in cancers, Suppressed in Lung Cancer (SLAN, also known as KIAA0256) is found underexpressed in human lung cancer tissues by quantitative real-time PCR (Q-RT-PCR). The study set out to characterize SLAN protein and explore its cellular functions. METHODS: SLAN or its specific short hairpin RNA, full length or various deletion mutants were overexpressed in 293T or lung cancer cell lines, and cell proliferation, cell cycle, mitosis progression, and spindle configuration were surveyed. RESULTS: SLAN and its deletion mutants are localized to many subcellular locations such as endoplasmic reticulum (ER), nucleus, nucleolus, spindle pole and midbody, suggesting SLAN may function as a multifunctional protein. Overexpression of SLAN per se or its short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) inhibits or accelerates cell proliferation through prolonging or shortening mitosis. Time-lapse microscopic recording reveals that cells overexpressing exogenous SLAN are arrested in mitosis or cannot undergo cytokinesis. SLAN 2-551 mutants drastically arrest cells in mitosis, where α- and γ-tubulin are disorganized. SLAN employs C-terminal to interact with Aurora-A, a key mitosis regulator and an oncogenic kinase associated with a wide range of human cancers. SLAN negatively regulates the activity of Aurora-A by directly inhibiting kinase activity in vitro or reducing the level of active Aurora-A in cells. SLAN is frequently reduced in lung cancer tissues overexpressing Aurora-A, arguing for the necessity to suppress SLAN during the Aurora-A-associated cancer formation. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, we have identified a novel protein SLAN downregulated in lung caner, having multiple subcellular localization including spindle matrix and midbody, inhibiting cell proliferation and Aurora-A.

Analysis of Female Breast Cancer Descriptive Epidemiology in Tianjin, China.

To take effective measures for prevention and achieve the goal of reducing the incidence and mortality rate from breast cancer, the method of descriptive epidemiology was used to study the situation regarding female breast cancer in Tianjin. There is an increasing trend for the incidence rate (increasing 51% during the period from 1981 to 1997), though the absolute value is still low in comparison with the developed countries in the world. Furthermore, the mortality rate of breast cancer has been decreasing constantly (decreasing 38% during the same period), while the 5-year, 10-year and 15-year survival rate increased. This may be mostly attributable to work leading to early detection and early diagnosis of breast cancer.