RESUMO
Although autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) can achieve durable responses in eligible patients with follicular lymphoma (FL), long-term follow-up is needed to determine if it has curative potential. This retrospective, multicenter study included 162 patients who received ASCT for relapsed FL in Alberta, Canada. With a median (range) follow-up time of 12.5 years (0.1-27.9), the 12-year time-to-progression (TTP) was 57% (95% confidence interval [CI] 49%-65%), time-to-next-treatment was 61% (95% CI 52%-69%), progression-free survival was 51% (95% CI 42%-59%) and overall survival was 69% (95% CI 60%-76%). A plateau emerged on the TTP curve at 57% starting 9 years after ASCT with no relapses occurring beyond this timepoint. Ten patients remained in remission 20 years or more after ASCT. Patients undergoing ASCT at first or second relapse had superior outcomes compared to third or later relapse (12-year TTP 61% vs. 34%), as did patients without progression of disease within 24 months (POD24) of frontline treatment versus those with POD24 (12-year TTP 67% vs. 50%). ASCT achieves high rates of durable remission in relapsed FL, with long-term follow-up revealing that more than 50% of transplanted patients may be functionally cured of their lymphoma. The optimal timing to consider ASCT is at first or second relapse, regardless of POD24 status.
Assuntos
Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Linfoma Folicular , Humanos , Seguimentos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Transplante Autólogo , Linfoma Folicular/tratamento farmacológico , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/terapia , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/patologia , Transplante de Células-Tronco , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada AntineoplásicaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic caused an unprecedented surge of patients presenting to emergency departments and forced hospitals to adapt to provide care to patients safely and effectively. The purpose here was to disseminate a novel program developed under disaster conditions to address advance care planning communications. METHODS: A program development and initial evaluation was conducted for the Remote Goals of Care program, which was created for families to communicate patient goals of care and reduce responsibilities of those in the emergency department. RESULTS: This program facilitated 64 remote goals of care conversation, with 72% of conversations taking place remotely with families of patients who were unable to participate. These conversations included discussions of patient preferences for care, including code status, presence of caregivers or surrogates, understanding of diagnosis and prognosis, and hospice care. Initially, this program was available 24 hours per day, 7 days per week, with gradual reduction in hours as needs shifted. Seven nurses who were unable to work in corona-positive environments but were able to continue working remotely were utilized. Lessons learned include the need for speed and agility of response and the benefit of established relationships between traditionally siloed specialties. Additional considerations include available technology for patients and families and expanding the documentation abilities for remote nurses. A logic model was developed to support potential program replication at other sites. DISCUSSION: Upon initial evaluation, Remote Goals of Care Program was well received and demonstrated promise in decanting the responsibility of goals of care discussions from the emergency department to a calmer, remote setting. In future iterations, additional services and technology adjustments can be made to make this program more accessible to more patients and families. Other facilities may wish to replicate our Remote Goals of Care Program described here.
Assuntos
Planejamento Antecipado de Cuidados , COVID-19 , Desastres , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Humanos , Desenvolvimento de Programas , SARS-CoV-2RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The oral IP receptor agonist selexipag is approved for the long-term treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Treatment interruptions should be avoided due to the progressive nature of the disease. An intravenous (IV) formulation of selexipag was developed to provide a treatment option for short-term interruptions to oral selexipag. In this prospective, multicenter, open-label study, the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of temporarily switching between oral and IV selexipag were investigated (NCT03187678, ClinicalTrials.gov). METHODS: PAH patients receiving stable oral selexipag doses were enrolled. Following three consecutive IV selexipag infusions patients resumed oral selexipag. Corresponding IV and oral doses were selected to achieve comparable exposure to the active metabolite of selexipag. Safety outcomes were monitored throughout, and pharmacokinetic samples were obtained after oral and IV administration. RESULTS: All 20 patients completed the study. Fifteen patients had adverse events (AEs), most were mild, and none resulted in discontinuation. Headache was the most common AE throughout the study (four patients). Three serious AEs occurred in two patients with underlying comorbidities when oral dosing had resumed. There were no changes in WHO functional class for any patient and no clinically symptomatic changes in blood pressure were observed. Comparable exposure to the active metabolite of selexipag was demonstrated following corresponding oral and IV selexipag doses. CONCLUSIONS: Temporarily switching between corresponding doses of oral and IV selexipag was well-tolerated with no unexpected safety findings and comparable exposure to the active metabolite. Treatment with IV selexipag is a feasible option to bridge temporary oral selexipag treatment interruptions.
Assuntos
Acetamidas/administração & dosagem , Acetamidas/farmacocinética , Anti-Hipertensivos/administração & dosagem , Anti-Hipertensivos/farmacocinética , Hipertensão Arterial Pulmonar/tratamento farmacológico , Hipertensão Arterial Pulmonar/metabolismo , Pirazinas/administração & dosagem , Pirazinas/farmacocinética , Acetamidas/efeitos adversos , Administração Intravenosa , Administração Oral , Idoso , Anti-Hipertensivos/efeitos adversos , Estudos Cross-Over , Vias de Administração de Medicamentos , Feminino , Cefaleia/induzido quimicamente , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Hipertensão Arterial Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Pirazinas/efeitos adversosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide) levels are included in the multiparametric risk assessment approach for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) outlined in PAH guidelines. However, data supporting the use of NT-proBNP risk thresholds in assessing prognosis in PAH are limited. The GRIPHON trial (Prostacyclin [PGI2] Receptor Agonist In Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension) provides an opportunity to assess the prognostic value of NT-proBNP thresholds in a controlled clinical trial and to evaluate the response to selexipag according to these thresholds. METHODS: The event-driven GRIPHON trial randomly assigned patients to selexipag or placebo. NT-proBNP was measured at regular intervals in GRIPHON. Here, patients were categorized post hoc into low, medium, and high NT-proBNP subgroups according to 2 independent sets of thresholds: (1) baseline tertiles: <271 ng/L; 271 to 1165 ng/L; >1165 ng/L; and (2) 2015 European Society of Cardiology/European Respiratory Society guidelines cutoffs: <300 ng/L; 300 to 1400 ng/L; >1400 ng/L. Hazard ratios (selexipag versus placebo) with 95% CIs were calculated for the primary end point (composite morbidity/mortality events) by NT-proBNP category at baseline using Cox proportional-hazards models, and at any time during the exposure period using a time-dependent Cox model. RESULTS: With both thresholds, baseline and follow-up NT-proBNP categories were highly prognostic for future morbidity/mortality events during the study ( P<0.0001). In the time-dependent analysis, the risk of experiencing a morbidity/mortality event was 92% and 83% lower in selexipag-treated patients with a low and medium NT-proBNP level, and 90% and 56% lower in placebo-treated patients with a low and medium NT-proBNP level, in comparison with patients with a high NT-proBNP level. Selexipag reduced the risk of morbidity/mortality events across all 3 NT-proBNP categories in both the baseline and time-dependent analyses, with a more pronounced treatment benefit of selexipag seen in the medium and low NT-proBNP subgroups (interaction P values 0.20 and 0.007 in the baseline and time-dependent analyses). CONCLUSIONS: These analyses further establish the prognostic relevance of NT-proBNP levels in PAH and provide first evidence for the association of NT-proBNP level and treatment response. Using 2 similar sets of thresholds, these analyses support the relevance of the low, medium, and high NT-proBNP categories as part of the multiparametric risk assessment approach outlined in the European Society of Cardiology/European Respiratory Society guidelines for the management of PAH patients. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT01106014.
Assuntos
Pressão Arterial , Peptídeo Natriurético Encefálico/sangue , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/sangue , Hipertensão Arterial Pulmonar/sangue , Artéria Pulmonar/fisiopatologia , Acetamidas/uso terapêutico , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Anti-Hipertensivos/uso terapêutico , Pressão Arterial/efeitos dos fármacos , Biomarcadores/sangue , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Hipertensão Arterial Pulmonar/tratamento farmacológico , Hipertensão Arterial Pulmonar/mortalidade , Hipertensão Arterial Pulmonar/fisiopatologia , Artéria Pulmonar/efeitos dos fármacos , Pirazinas/uso terapêutico , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
We report 3 patients with coronavirus disease who had a decline in respiratory status during their hospital course that responded well to intravenous steroids and interleukin-6 receptor antagonist therapy. These patients later showed development of persistent hypoxia with increased levels of d-dimer levels and were given a diagnosis of pulmonary embolisms.
Assuntos
Betacoronavirus/patogenicidade , Infecções por Coronavirus/complicações , Síndrome da Liberação de Citocina/complicações , Produtos de Degradação da Fibrina e do Fibrinogênio/metabolismo , Hipóxia/complicações , Pneumonia Viral/complicações , Embolia Pulmonar/complicações , Doença Aguda , Idoso , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/uso terapêutico , Anticoagulantes/uso terapêutico , Betacoronavirus/efeitos dos fármacos , Betacoronavirus/fisiologia , Biomarcadores/sangue , COVID-19 , Teste para COVID-19 , Técnicas de Laboratório Clínico/métodos , Infecções por Coronavirus/diagnóstico , Infecções por Coronavirus/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Coronavirus/virologia , Síndrome da Liberação de Citocina/diagnóstico , Síndrome da Liberação de Citocina/tratamento farmacológico , Síndrome da Liberação de Citocina/virologia , Enoxaparina/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Humanos , Hipóxia/diagnóstico , Hipóxia/tratamento farmacológico , Hipóxia/virologia , Masculino , Hemissuccinato de Metilprednisolona/uso terapêutico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pandemias , Pneumonia Viral/diagnóstico , Pneumonia Viral/tratamento farmacológico , Pneumonia Viral/virologia , Embolia Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Embolia Pulmonar/tratamento farmacológico , Embolia Pulmonar/virologia , Rivaroxabana/uso terapêutico , SARS-CoV-2 , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Resultado do TratamentoAssuntos
Cardiopatias Congênitas , Hipertensão Pulmonar , Complicações Cardiovasculares na Gravidez , Hipertensão Arterial Pulmonar , Gravidez , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertensão Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Hipertensão Pulmonar/etiologia , Cardiopatias Congênitas/complicações , Cardiopatias Congênitas/diagnóstico , Complicações Cardiovasculares na Gravidez/diagnóstico , Complicações Cardiovasculares na Gravidez/etiologia , Complicações Cardiovasculares na Gravidez/terapia , Resultado da GravidezRESUMO
The function of the right ventricle determines the fate of patients with pulmonary hypertension. Since right heart failure is the consequence of increased afterload, a full physiological description of the cardiopulmonary unit consisting of both the right ventricle and pulmonary vascular system is required to interpret clinical data correctly. Here, we provide such a description of the unit and its components, including the functional interactions between the right ventricle and its load. This physiological description is used to provide a framework for the interpretation of right heart catheterisation data as well as imaging data of the right ventricle obtained by echocardiography or magnetic resonance imaging. Finally, an update is provided on the latest insights in the pathobiology of right ventricular failure, including key pathways of molecular adaptation of the pressure overloaded right ventricle. Based on these outcomes, future directions for research are proposed.
Assuntos
Hipertensão Pulmonar/fisiopatologia , Circulação Pulmonar , Disfunção Ventricular Direita/fisiopatologia , Função Ventricular Direita , Adaptação Fisiológica , Animais , Cateterismo Cardíaco , Ecocardiografia , Hipertensão Pulmonar Primária Familiar , Humanos , Hipertensão Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Hipertensão Pulmonar/terapia , Disfunção Ventricular Direita/diagnóstico , Disfunção Ventricular Direita/terapiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: In a phase 2 trial, selexipag, an oral selective IP prostacyclin-receptor agonist, was shown to be beneficial in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. METHODS: In this event-driven, phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we randomly assigned 1156 patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension to receive placebo or selexipag in individualized doses (maximum dose, 1600 µg twice daily). Patients were eligible for enrollment if they were not receiving treatment for pulmonary arterial hypertension or if they were receiving a stable dose of an endothelin-receptor antagonist, a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor, or both. The primary end point was a composite of death from any cause or a complication related to pulmonary arterial hypertension up to the end of the treatment period (defined for each patient as 7 days after the date of the last intake of selexipag or placebo). RESULTS: A primary end-point event occurred in 397 patients--41.6% of those in the placebo group and 27.0% of those in the selexipag group (hazard ratio in the selexipag group as compared with the placebo group, 0.60; 99% confidence interval, 0.46 to 0.78; P<0.001). Disease progression and hospitalization accounted for 81.9% of the events. The effect of selexipag with respect to the primary end point was similar in the subgroup of patients who were not receiving treatment for the disease at baseline and in the subgroup of patients who were already receiving treatment at baseline (including those who were receiving a combination of two therapies). By the end of the study, 105 patients in the placebo group and 100 patients in the selexipag group had died from any cause. Overall, 7.1% of patients in the placebo group and 14.3% of patients in the selexipag group discontinued their assigned regimen prematurely because of adverse events. The most common adverse events in the selexipag group were consistent with the known side effects of prostacyclin, including headache, diarrhea, nausea, and jaw pain. CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension, the risk of the primary composite end point of death or a complication related to pulmonary arterial hypertension was significantly lower with selexipag than with placebo. There was no significant difference in mortality between the two study groups. (Funded by Actelion Pharmaceuticals; GRIPHON ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01106014.).
Assuntos
Acetamidas/uso terapêutico , Hipertensão Pulmonar/tratamento farmacológico , Pró-Fármacos/uso terapêutico , Pirazinas/uso terapêutico , Acetamidas/efeitos adversos , Idoso , Progressão da Doença , Método Duplo-Cego , Esquema de Medicação , Feminino , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Hipertensão Pulmonar/complicações , Hipertensão Pulmonar/mortalidade , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pró-Fármacos/efeitos adversos , Pirazinas/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Patients with connective tissue disease-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH-CTD) have a poor prognosis compared with other aetiologies. The underlying CTD can influence treatment response and outcomes. We characterised the GRIPHON study PAH-CTD subgroup and evaluated response to selexipag.Of 334 patients with PAH-CTD, PAH was associated with systemic sclerosis (PAH-SSc) in 170, systemic lupus erythematosus (PAH-SLE) in 82 and mixed CTD/CTD-other in 82. For the primary composite endpoint of morbidity/mortality, hazard ratios (HR) and 95% CI were calculated using Cox proportional hazard models.Compared with the overall GRIPHON population, the CTD subgroup was slightly older with a greater proportion of females and shorter time since diagnosis. Patients with PAH-SSc appeared to be more impaired at baseline, with a more progressive disease course. The converse was observed for PAH-SLE. Selexipag reduced the risk of composite morbidity/mortality events in patients with PAH-CTD by 41% (HR 0.59; 95% CI 0.41-0.85). Treatment effect was consistent irrespective of baseline PAH therapy or CTD subtype (interaction p=0.87 and 0.89, respectively). Adverse events were predominately prostacyclin-related and known for selexipag treatment.GRIPHON has allowed the comprehensive characterisation of patients with PAH-CTD. Selexipag delayed progression of PAH and was well-tolerated among PAH-CTD patients, including those with PAH-SSc and PAH-SLE.
Assuntos
Acetamidas , Hipertensão Pulmonar , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/complicações , Pirazinas , Escleroderma Sistêmico/complicações , Acetamidas/administração & dosagem , Acetamidas/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Anti-Hipertensivos/administração & dosagem , Anti-Hipertensivos/efeitos adversos , Progressão da Doença , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertensão Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Hipertensão Pulmonar/tratamento farmacológico , Hipertensão Pulmonar/etiologia , Hipertensão Pulmonar/mortalidade , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Pirazinas/administração & dosagem , Pirazinas/efeitos adversos , Medição de Risco , Análise de SobrevidaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Scleroderma-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (SSc-PAH) is a rare disease characterized by a very dismal response to therapy and poor survival. We assessed the effects of up-front combination PAH therapy in patients with SSc-PAH. METHODS: In this prospective, multicenter, open-label trial, 24 treatment-naive patients with SSc-PAH received ambrisentan 10 mg and tadalafil 40 mg daily for 36 weeks. Functional, hemodynamic, and imaging (cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and echocardiography) assessments at baseline and 36 weeks included changes in right ventricular (RV) mass and pulmonary vascular resistance as co-primary endpoints and stroke volume/pulmonary pulse pressure ratio, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, 6-minute walk distance, and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide as secondary endpoints. RESULTS: At 36 weeks, we found that treatment had resulted in significant reductions in median (interquartile range [IQR]) RV mass (28.0 g [IQR, 20.6-32.9] vs. 32.5 g [IQR, 23.2-41.4]; P < 0.05) and median pulmonary vascular resistance (3.1 Wood units [IQR, 2.0-5.7] vs. 6.9 Wood units [IQR, 4.0-12.9]; P < 0.0001) and in improvements in median stroke volume/pulmonary pulse pressure ratio (2.6 ml/mm Hg [IQR, 1.8-3.5] vs. 1.4 ml/mm Hg [IQR 8.9-2.4]; P < 0.0001) and mean ( ± SD) tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (2.2 ± 0.12 cm vs. 1.65 ± 0.11 cm; P < 0.0001), 6-minute walk distance (395 ± 99 m vs. 343 ± 131 m; P = 0.001), and serum N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (647 ± 1,127 pg/ml vs. 1,578 ± 2,647 pg/ml; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Up-front combination therapy with ambrisentan and tadalafil significantly improved hemodynamics, RV structure and function, and functional status in treatment-naive patients with SSc-PAH and may represent a very effective therapy for this patient population. In addition, we identified novel hemodynamic and imaging biomarkers that could have potential value in future clinical trials. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01042158).
Assuntos
Hipertensão Pulmonar/tratamento farmacológico , Hipertensão Pulmonar/etiologia , Fenilpropionatos/uso terapêutico , Piridazinas/uso terapêutico , Escleroderma Sistêmico/complicações , Tadalafila/uso terapêutico , Quimioterapia Combinada , Feminino , Ventrículos do Coração/diagnóstico por imagem , Ventrículos do Coração/patologia , Humanos , Hipertensão Pulmonar/sangue , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Peptídeo Natriurético Encefálico/sangue , Peptídeo Natriurético Encefálico/efeitos dos fármacos , Fenilpropionatos/sangue , Inibidores da Fosfodiesterase 5/sangue , Inibidores da Fosfodiesterase 5/uso terapêutico , Estudos Prospectivos , Piridazinas/sangue , Escleroderma Sistêmico/sangue , Volume Sistólico , Tadalafila/sangue , Ultrassonografia , Resistência Vascular/efeitos dos fármacosAssuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/administração & dosagem , Anticoagulantes/administração & dosagem , Betacoronavirus , Infecções por Coronavirus , Metilprednisolona/administração & dosagem , Pandemias , Pneumonia Viral , Tromboembolia , Idoso , COVID-19 , Infecções por Coronavirus/complicações , Infecções por Coronavirus/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases/administração & dosagem , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pandemias/prevenção & controle , Pneumonia Viral/complicações , Pneumonia Viral/prevenção & controle , SARS-CoV-2 , Tromboembolia/diagnóstico por imagem , Tromboembolia/tratamento farmacológico , Tromboembolia/etiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Epoprostenol sodium with arginine-mannitol excipients (epoprostenol AM; Veletri [Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland]) and epoprostenol sodium with glycine-mannitol excipients (epoprostenol GM; Flolan [GlaxoSmithKline, Triangle Park, NC]) are intravenous treatments for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Epoprostenol AM contains different inactive excipients, resulting in greater stability at room temperature compared with epoprostenol GM. METHODS: In this prospective, multicenter, open-label, randomized, phase IV exploratory study, epoprostenol-naïve patients in need of injectable prostanoid therapy were randomized 2:1 to open-label epoprostenol AM or epoprostenol GM. The study period was 28 days, followed by a 30-day safety follow-up. Study aims were to descriptively compare the safety, tolerability, drug metabolite levels, and treatment effects of epoprostenol AM and epoprostenol GM in PAH. Statistical analysis was descriptive only because of the exploratory nature of the study. RESULTS: Thirty patients with PAH (18-70 years, 24 women, 20 idiopathic PAH) were randomized to epoprostenol AM (n = 20) or epoprostenol GM (n = 10). Most frequently reported adverse events included jaw pain, headache, nausea, and flushing. Two deaths occurred during the study period, and 1 death occurred during the 30-day safety follow-up period, all in patients receiving epoprostenol AM. All deaths were classified by the treating physician as unrelated to epoprostenol AM. The median (range) change from baseline to day 28 in 6-minute walk distance was 36 m (-127 to 210 m) and 49 m (-44 to 110 m) for the epoprostenol AM and epoprostenol GM groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In this randomized clinical study of epoprostenol AM in PAH, use of this novel preparation with greater room temperature stability was well tolerated.
Assuntos
Epoprostenol/administração & dosagem , Tolerância ao Exercício/efeitos dos fármacos , Hemodinâmica/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipertensão Pulmonar/tratamento farmacológico , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Anti-Hipertensivos/administração & dosagem , Anti-Hipertensivos/farmacocinética , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Epoprostenol/farmacocinética , Hipertensão Pulmonar Primária Familiar , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Hipertensão Pulmonar/metabolismo , Hipertensão Pulmonar/fisiopatologia , Injeções Intravenosas , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemAssuntos
Hipertensão Pulmonar/tratamento farmacológico , Hipertensão Pulmonar/etiologia , Fenilpropionatos/uso terapêutico , Piridazinas/uso terapêutico , Esclerodermia Limitada/complicações , Tadalafila/uso terapêutico , Disfunção Ventricular Direita/diagnóstico por imagem , Idoso , Estudos de Coortes , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Esquema de Medicação , Quimioterapia Combinada , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Hipertensão Pulmonar/fisiopatologia , Imagem Cinética por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Contração Miocárdica/efeitos dos fármacos , Variações Dependentes do Observador , Estudos Prospectivos , Esclerodermia Limitada/diagnóstico , Resultado do Tratamento , Disfunção Ventricular Direita/prevenção & controleRESUMO
AIMS: Left atrial (LA) structural and functional abnormalities may be subclinical phenotypes, which identify individuals at increased risk of adverse outcomes. METHODS AND RESULTS: Maximum LA volume (LAmax) and LA emptying fraction (LAEF) were measured via cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in 1802 participants in the Dallas Heart Study. The associations of LAEF and LAmax indexed to body surface area (LAmax/BSA) with traditional risk factors, natriuretic peptide levels, and left ventricular (LV) structure [end-diastolic volume (EDV) and concentricity(0.67) (mass/EDV(0.67))] and function (ejection fraction) were assessed using linear regression analysis. The incremental prognostic value of LAmax/BSA and LAEF beyond traditional risk factors, LV ejection fraction, and LV mass was assessed using the Cox proportional-hazards model. Both increasing LAmax/BSA and decreasing LAEF were associated with hypertension and natriuretic peptide levels (P < 0.05 for all). In multivariable analysis, LAmax/BSA was most strongly associated with LV end-diastolic volume/BSA, while LAEF was strongly associated with LV ejection fraction and concentricity(0.67). During a median follow-up period of 8.1 years, there were 81 total deaths. Decreasing LAEF [hazard ratio (HR) per 1 standard deviation (SD) (8.0%): 1.56 (1.32-1.87)] but not increasing LAmax/BSA [HR per 1 SD (8.6 mL/m(2)): 1.14 (0.97-1.34)] was independently associated with mortality. Furthermore, the addition of LAEF to a model adjusting Framingham risk score, diabetes, race, LV mass, and ejection fraction improved the c-statistic (c-statistics: 0.78 vs. 0.77; P < 0.05, respectively), whereas the addition of LAmax/BSA did not (c-statistics: 0.76, P = 0.20). CONCLUSION: In the general population, both LAmax/BSA and LAEF are important subclinical phenotypes but LAEF is superior and incremental to LAmax/BSA.
Assuntos
Função do Átrio Esquerdo/fisiologia , Biomarcadores/sangue , Volume Cardíaco/fisiologia , Causas de Morte , Feminino , Átrios do Coração/anatomia & histologia , Hemodinâmica/fisiologia , Humanos , Angiografia por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Peptídeo Natriurético Encefálico/sangue , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/sangue , Prognóstico , Fatores Sexuais , Texas/epidemiologia , Troponina T/sangueRESUMO
Survival in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is closely related to right ventricular (RV) function. Although pulmonary load is an important determinant of RV systolic function in PAH, there remains a significant variability in RV adaptation to pulmonary hypertension. In this report, the authors discuss the emerging concepts of right heart pathobiology in PAH. More specifically, the discussion focuses on the following questions. 1) How is right heart failure syndrome best defined? 2) What are the uderlying molecular mechanisms of the failing right ventricle in PAH? 3) How are RV contractility and function and their prognostic implications best assessed? 4) What is the role of targeted RV therapy? Throughout the report, the authors highlight differences between right and left heart failure and outline key areas of future investigation. (J Am Coll Cardiol 2013;62:D22-33) a 2013 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation).
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BACKGROUND: Endothelin receptor antagonist (ERA) and phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor (PDE5i) combination therapy is recommended for low-/intermediate-risk pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) patients. A fixed-dose combination of the ERA macitentan and PDE5i tadalafil (M/T FDC) in a once-daily, single tablet would simplify treatment. OBJECTIVES: The multicenter, double-blind, adaptive phase 3 A DUE study investigated the efficacy and safety of M/T FDC vs macitentan 10 mg and vs tadalafil 40 mg monotherapies in PAH patients, including treatment-naïve and prior ERA or PDE5i monotherapy-treated patients. METHODS: World Health Organization functional class II-III patients were randomized to M/T FDC, macitentan, or tadalafil depending on their PAH treatment (treatment-naïve, ERA, or PDE5i monotherapy) at baseline. The primary endpoint was change in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) at week 16. RESULTS: In total, 187 patients were randomized to single-tablet M/T FDC (n = 108), macitentan (n = 35), or tadalafil (n = 44). PVR reduction with M/T FDC was significantly greater vs macitentan (29%; geometric mean ratio 0.71; 95% CL: 0.61-0.82; P < 0.0001) and vs tadalafil (28%; geometric mean ratio 0.72; 95% CL: 0.64-0.80; P < 0.0001). Three patients died in the M/T FDC arm (judged unrelated to treatment). Adverse events (AEs) leading to discontinuation, serious AEs, and those of special interest (anemia, hypotension, and edema) were more frequent with M/T FDC. CONCLUSIONS: Macitentan and tadalafil FDC significantly improved PVR vs monotherapies in PAH patients, with a safety and tolerability profile consistent with the individual components. The A DUE study supports M/T FDC as a once-daily, single-tablet combination for initial therapy and escalation to double combination therapy in patients with PAH. (Clinical Study to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of Macitentan and Tadalafil Monotherapies With the Corresponding Fixed-dose Combination Therapy in Subjects With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension [PAH]) [A DUE]; NCT03904693).
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Hipertensão Arterial Pulmonar , Pirimidinas , Sulfonamidas , Humanos , Tadalafila , Terapia Combinada , Inibidores da Fosfodiesterase 5 , Antagonistas dos Receptores de Endotelina , ComprimidosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Data on real-world clinical practice and outcomes of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with connective tissue disease (CTD-PAH) are scarce. The OPUS/OrPHeUS studies enrolled patients newly initiating macitentan, including those with CTD-PAH. This analysis describes patient characteristics, treatment patterns, outcomes, and safety profiles of patients with CTD-PAH newly initiating macitentan in the US using the OPUS/OrPHeUS combined dataset. METHODS: OPUS was a prospective, US, multicenter, long-term, observational drug registry (April 2014-June 2020). OrPHeUS was a retrospective, US, multicenter medical chart review (October 2013-March 2017). The characteristics, treatment patterns, safety, and outcomes during macitentan treatment of patients with CTD-PAH and its subgroups systemic sclerosis (SSc-PAH), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE-PAH), and mixed CTD (MCTD-PAH) were descriptively compared to patients with idiopathic/heritable PAH (I/HPAH). RESULTS: The combined OPUS/OrPHeUS population included 2498 patients with I/HPAH and 1192 patients with CTD-PAH (708 SSc-PAH; 159 SLE-PAH; 124 MCTD-PAH, and 201 other CTD-PAH etiologies). At macitentan initiation for patients with I/HPAH and CTD-PAH, respectively: 61.2 and 69.3% were in World Health Organization functional class (WHO FC) III/IV; median 6-min walk distance was 289 and 279 m; and 58.1 and 65.2% received macitentan as combination therapy. During follow-up, for patients with I/HPAH and CTD-PAH, respectively: median duration of macitentan exposure observed was 14.0 and 15.8 months; 79.0 and 83.0% experienced an adverse event; Kaplan-Meier estimates (95% confidence limits [CL]) of patients free from all-cause hospitalization at 1 year were 60.3% (58.1, 62.4) and 59.3% (56.1, 62.3); and Kaplan-Meier estimates (95% CL) of survival at 1 year were 90.5% (89.1, 91.7) and 90.6% (88.6, 92.3). CONCLUSIONS: Macitentan was used in clinical practice in patients with CTD-PAH and its subgroups, including as combination therapy. The safety and tolerability profile of macitentan in patients with CTD-PAH was comparable to that of patients with I/HPAH. TRIAL REGISTRATION: OPsumit® Users Registry (OPUS): NCT02126943; Opsumit® Historical Users cohort (OrPHeUS): NCT03197688; www. CLINICALTRIALS: gov Graphical abstract available for this article.
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BACKGROUND: Selexipag is an oral prostacyclin receptor agonist, indicated for pulmonary arterial hypertension to delay disease progression and reduce the risk of pulmonary arterial hypertension-related hospitalization. SelexiPag: tHe usErs dRug rEgistry (NCT03278002) was a US-based, prospective, real-world registry of selexipag-treated patients. METHODS: Adults with pulmonary hypertension (enrolled 2016-2020) prescribed selexipag were followed for ≤18 months, with data collected at routine clinic visits. Patients were defined as newly or previously initiated if they had started selexipag ≤60 days or >60 days, respectively, before enrollment. RESULTS: The registry included 829 patients (430 newly initiated, 399 previously initiated; 759 with pulmonary arterial hypertension), of whom 55.6% were World Health Organization functional class (FC) 3/4; 57.3% were intermediate or high risk per Registry to Evaluate Early and Long-Term PAH Disease Management (REVEAL) 2.0. In patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension, 18-month discontinuation rates for adverse events were 22.0%, 32.0%, and 11.9%, and 18-month survival rates were 89.4%, 84.2%, and 94.5% in the overall, newly, and previously initiated patient populations, respectively. From baseline to month 18, most patients had stable or improved FC and stable or improved REVEAL 2.0 risk category status. Discontinuation for adverse events, hospitalization, and survival were similar regardless of patients' individually tolerated selexipag maintenance dose. No new safety signals were identified. CONCLUSIONS: In this real-world analysis of patients initiating selexipag, most patients had stable or improved FC and REVEAL 2.0 risk category. Similar to the GRIPHON trial, outcomes with selexipag in this real-world study were comparable across maintenance dose strata, with no new safety signals.
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Acetamidas , Hipertensão Pulmonar , Hipertensão Arterial Pulmonar , Pirazinas , Adulto , Humanos , Hipertensão Arterial Pulmonar/tratamento farmacológico , Anti-Hipertensivos , Estudos Prospectivos , Hipertensão Pulmonar/tratamento farmacológico , Hipertensão Pulmonar/induzido quimicamente , Hipertensão Pulmonar Primária Familiar/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Portopulmonary hypertension (PoPH) carries a worse prognosis than other forms of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Data regarding use of PAH-specific therapies in patients with PoPH are sparse as they are usually excluded from clinical trials. This analysis describes patient characteristics, treatment patterns, outcomes, and safety profiles in patients with PoPH newly initiating macitentan in the USA using the OPUS/OrPHeUS combined dataset. METHODS: OPUS was a prospective, US, multicenter, observational drug registry (April 2014-June 2020); OrPHeUS was a retrospective, US, multicenter chart review (October 2013-March 2017). Additional information regarding patients' liver disease was retrospectively collected for patients with PoPH in OPUS. RESULTS: The OPUS/OrPHeUS dataset included 206 patients with PoPH (median age 58 years; 52.4% female), with baseline cirrhosis and liver test abnormalities reported in 72.8% and 31.6% of patients respectively. Macitentan was initiated as combination therapy in 74.8% of patients and median (Q1, Q3) exposure to macitentan was 11.9 (3.1, 26.0) months. One-year Kaplan-Meier estimates (95% confidence limit, CL) of patients free from all-cause hospitalization and survival were 48.6% (40.7, 56.0) and 82.2% (75.1, 87.4). Of the 96 patients with PoPH in OPUS, 29.2% were classified as in need of liver transplant due to underlying liver disease during the study; transplant waitlist registration was precluded because of PAH severity for 32.1% and 17.9% were transplanted. Hepatic adverse events (HAE) were experienced by 49.0% of patients; the most common being increased bilirubin (16.0%), ascites (7.3%), and hepatic encephalopathy (5.8%); 1.5% and 21.8% of patients discontinued macitentan as a result of HAE and non-hepatic adverse events. CONCLUSION: There were no unexpected safety findings in patients with PoPH treated with macitentan. These data add to the evidence supporting the safety and tolerability of macitentan in patients with PoPH. A graphical abstract is available with this article. TRIAL REGISTRATION: OPsumit® Users Registry (OPUS): NCT02126943; OPsumit® Historical Users cohort (OrPHeUS): NCT03197688; www. CLINICALTRIALS: gov .