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Water resources sustainability in High Mountain Asia (HMA) surrounding the Tibetan Plateau (TP)-known as Asia's water tower-has triggered widespread concerns because HMA protects millions of people against water stress1,2. However, the mechanisms behind the heterogeneous trends observed in terrestrial water storage (TWS) over the TP remain poorly understood. Here we use a Lagrangian particle dispersion model and satellite observations to attribute about 1 Gt of monthly TWS decline in the southern TP during 2003-2016 to westerlies-carried deficit in precipitation minus evaporation (PME) from the southeast North Atlantic. We further show that HMA blocks the propagation of PME deficit into the central TP, causing a monthly TWS increase by about 0.5 Gt. Furthermore, warming-induced snow and glacial melt as well as drying-induced TWS depletion in HMA weaken the blocking of HMA's mountains, causing persistent northward expansion of the TP's TWS deficit since 2009. Future projections under two emissions scenarios verified by satellite observations during 2020-2021 indicate that, by the end of the twenty-first century, up to 84% (for scenario SSP245) and 97% (for scenario SSP585) of the TP could be afflicted by TWS deficits. Our findings indicate a trajectory towards unsustainable water systems in HMA that could exacerbate downstream water stress.
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Altitude , Mudança Climática , Dessecação , Previsões , Abastecimento de Água , Humanos , Ásia , Mudança Climática/estatística & dados numéricos , Abastecimento de Água/estatística & dados numéricos , Tibet , Congelamento , Neve , Imagens de Satélites , Chuva , Oceano Atlântico , Camada de Gelo , Conservação dos Recursos HídricosRESUMO
Adaptive evolution to cellular stress is a process implicated in a wide range of biological and clinical phenomena. Two major routes of adaptation have been identified: non-genetic changes, which allow expression of different phenotypes in novel environments, and genetic variation achieved by selection of fitter phenotypes. While these processes are broadly accepted, their temporal and epistatic features in the context of cellular evolution and emerging drug resistance are contentious. In this manuscript, we generated hypomorphic alleles of the essential nuclear pore complex (NPC) gene NUP58. By dissecting early and long-term mechanisms of adaptation in independent clones, we observed that early physiological adaptation correlated with transcriptome rewiring and upregulation of genes known to interact with the NPC; long-term adaptation and fitness recovery instead occurred via focal amplification of NUP58 and restoration of mutant protein expression. These data support the concept that early phenotypic plasticity allows later acquisition of genetic adaptations to a specific impairment. We propose this approach as a genetic model to mimic targeted drug therapy in human cells and to dissect mechanisms of adaptation.
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Adaptação Fisiológica/genética , Alelos , Receptor Quinase 1 Acoplada a Proteína G/genética , Aptidão Genética , N-Glicosil Hidrolases/genética , Complexo de Proteínas Formadoras de Poros Nucleares/genética , Sistemas CRISPR-Cas , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Receptor Quinase 1 Acoplada a Proteína G/metabolismo , Edição de Genes , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Redes Reguladoras de Genes , Genes Reporter , Proteínas de Fluorescência Verde/genética , Proteínas de Fluorescência Verde/metabolismo , Células HCT116 , Células HEK293 , Haploidia , Humanos , Carioferinas/genética , Carioferinas/metabolismo , Proteínas Luminescentes/genética , Proteínas Luminescentes/metabolismo , Mutação , Células Mieloides/metabolismo , Células Mieloides/patologia , N-Glicosil Hidrolases/metabolismo , Complexo de Proteínas Formadoras de Poros Nucleares/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , Transcriptoma , Proteína Vermelha FluorescenteRESUMO
Reversible three-electron redox of Cr3+ /Cr6+ in layered cathode materials for rechargeable batteries is very attractive in layered cathode materials, which leads to high capacity and energy density for rechargeable batteries. However, the poor reversibility and Cr-ion migration make it very challenging. In this work, by introducing V ions into tetrahedral sites of layer-structured NaCrO2 , reversible three-electron redox of Cr3+ /Cr6+ is realized successfully in NaCr0.92 V0.05 O2 (NCV05) cathode for potassium-ion batteries with a cut-off voltage of 4.0 V. V ions can weaken the attraction of Cr to electrons, leading to enhanced valence change of Cr ions. On the other hand, V in tetrahedral sites can facilitate the reversible migration of Cr between octahedral and tetrahedral sites via coulombic repulsion to realize the reversible redox between Cr3+ and Cr6+ during charge and discharge processes. In addition, V ions can inhibit the phase transition from O3 phase to O'3 phase during the charge process by adjusting the crystal lattices. As a result, the NaCr0.92 V0.05 O2 cathode exhibits a high reversible capacity of 130 mAh g-1 with promising cycle stability and rate capability. The strategy opens new opportunity for developing high-capacity cathode materials for potassium-ion batteries.
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Pollution control and carbon emission reduction pose significant challenges for developing countries, and achieving synergistic reductions in pollution and carbon emissions (SRPCs) has emerged as the optimal choice. Digitization, a prevailing trend in the current era, presents new opportunities for realizing the SRPC. We utilize data from Chinese A-share listed companies from 2007 to 2022 to investigate the impact of corporate digital transformation on the SRPC. The research reveals the following. (1) Enterprise digital transformation significantly promotes the SRPC, a conclusion validated through a series of robustness tests. However, the SRPC resulting from digital transformation is characterized by weak synergy, which is primarily observed in the coordinated reduction in air pollution and carbon emissions. (2) This effect is notably stronger for companies near environmental regulatory authorities, those receiving government environmental subsidies, and state-owned enterprises (SOEs). (3) Enhancing managerial collaborative management capabilities, promoting corporate technological innovation capabilities, and alleviating financing pressure are the primary mechanisms at play. This research provides important policy and practical insights for promoting the SRPC in the context of digitization, fostering sustainable development.
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OBJECTIVES: To determine the compliance of online vendors to the UK Opticians Act 1989 Section 27 requirements and safety regulations for cosmetic contact lens (CCL) sales and the quality of online CCL health information. METHODS: The top 50 websites selling CCLs on each three search engines, namely Google, Yahoo, and Bing, were selected. Duplicates were removed, and the remaining websites were systematically analyzed in February 2023. UK legal authorization for CCL sales was assessed using the Opticians Act Section 27 and safety regulations determined by the presence of Conformité Européene (CE) marking. The quality and reliability of online information was graded using the DISCERN (16-80) and JAMA (0-4) scores by two independent reviewers. RESULTS: Forty-seven eligible websites were analyzed. Only six (12.7%) met the UK legal authorization for CCL sales. Forty-nine different brands of CCLs were sold on these websites, of which 13 (26.5%) had no CE marking. The mean DISCERN and JAMA benchmark scores were 26 ± 12.2 and 1.3 ± 0.6, respectively (intraclass correlation scores: 0.99 for both). CONCLUSIONS: A significant number of websites provide consumers with easy, unsafe, and unregulated access to CCLs. Most online stores do not meet the requirements set out in the Opticians Act for CCL sales in the United Kingdom. A significant number of CCLs lack CE marking, while the average quality of information on websites selling CCLs is poor. Together, these pose a risk to consumers purchasing CCLs from unregulated websites, and therefore, further stringent regulations on the online sales of these products are needed.
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Informação de Saúde ao Consumidor , Internet , Humanos , Reino Unido , Informação de Saúde ao Consumidor/normas , Cosméticos/normas , Lentes de Contato , Qualidade de Produtos para o Consumidor/legislação & jurisprudência , Qualidade de Produtos para o Consumidor/normasRESUMO
The hydrological monitoring of flow data is important for flood prevention and modern river management. However, traditional contact methods are increasingly struggling to meet the requirements of simplicity, accuracy, and continuity. The video-based river discharge measurement is a technique to monitor flow velocity without contacting the water body by using the image-recognition algorithms, which has been verified to have the advantages of full coverage and full automation compared with the traditional contact technique. In order to provide a timely summary of the available results and to inform further research and applications, this paper reviews and synthesizes the literature on the general implementation routes of the video-based river discharge measurement technique and the principles and advances of today's popular image-recognition algorithms for velocity detection. Then, it discusses the challenges of image-recognition algorithms in terms of image acquisition conditions, parameter uncertainties, and complex meteorological and water environments. It is concluded that the performance of this technique can be improved by enhancing the robustness and accuracy of video-based discharge measurement algorithms, minimizing weather effects, and improving computational efficiency. Finally, future development directions for further perfecting this technique are outlined.
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Monitoring suspended sediment concentration (SSC) in rivers is pivotal for water quality management and sustainable river ecosystem development. However, achieving continuous and precise SSC monitoring is fraught with challenges, including low automation, lengthy measurement processes, and high cost. This study proposes an innovative approach for SSC identification in rivers using multimodal data fusion. We developed a robust model by harnessing colour features from video images, motion characteristics from the Lucas-Kanade (LK) optical flow method, and temperature data. By integrating ResNet with a mixed density network (MDN), our method fused the image and optical flow fields, and temperature data to enhance accuracy and reliability. Validated at a hydropower station in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, the results demonstrated that while the image field alone offers a baseline level of SSC identification, it experiences local errors under specific conditions. The incorporation of optical flow and water temperature information enhanced model robustness, particularly when coupling the image and optical flow fields, yielding a Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) of 0.91. Further enhancement was observed with the combined use of all three data types, attaining an NSE of 0.93. This integrated approach offers a more accurate SSC identification solution, enabling non-contact, low-cost measurements, facilitating remote online monitoring, and supporting water resource management and river water-sediment element monitoring.
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Monitoramento Ambiental , Rios , Temperatura , Rios/química , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Sedimentos Geológicos/análise , China , Qualidade da ÁguaRESUMO
Optimizing reservoir drawdown operations holds significant implications for hydropower generation, water supply, and drought mitigation strategies. However, achieving multi-objective optimization in reservoir drawdown operations poses fundamental challenges, particularly considering emergency storage capacity and seasonal drought patterns. This study introduces a novel multi-objective optimization framework tailored for a mega reservoir, focusing on drawdown operations to enhance hydropower generation and water supply reliability. A drawdown operation model leveraging a multi-objective ant lion optimizer is developed to simultaneously maximize reservoir hydropower output and minimize water shortage rates. China's Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR), situated over the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, constitutes the case study, with the standard operation policy (SOP) serving as a benchmark. Results showcase the efficacy of the proposed method, with substantial improvements observed: a 10.6% increase in hydropower output, a 6.0% reduction in water shortage days, and a 9.5% decrease in minimal reservoir water release compared to SOP. This study provides robust technical and scientific bolster to optimize reservoir ESC and enhance the synergy between hydropower generation, water supply, and drought resilience. Additionally, it offers decision-makers actionable strategies that account for emergency water supply capacities. These strategies aim to support mega reservoir's resilience against extreme drought events facilitating the collaboration between modelers and policy-makers, by means of intelligent optimization and decision-making technologies.
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Abastecimento de Água , China , Secas , Modelos Teóricos , RiosRESUMO
[Purpose] Falls can significantly affect elderly individuals. However, most current methods used to detect and analyze high-risk conditions make use of simulated falling movements for data collection, which may not accurately represent actual falls. The present study aimed to induce natural falls using visual and auditory stimuli to create unstable walking conditions. [Participants and Methods] Two experiments were performed. The first experiment focused on inducing unstable walking using visual stimuli; whereas, the second experiment combined visual and auditory stimuli. To investigate the effects of stimuli on the induction of unstable walking, our results were compared with those of normal walking conditions. In addition, the two experimental conditions were compared to identify the most effective stimuli. [Results] Both experiments revealed a decrease in step length, an increase in step time and width, and an increase in the coefficient of variation of measurements, indicating an induced walking pattern with a higher risk of falls. Furthermore, combining visual and auditory stimuli caused deterioration of inter-limb coordination, as observed through an increased phase coordination index, thus resulting in further instability during walking. [Conclusion] Visual and auditory stimuli induced unstable walking. In particular, the combination of visual and auditory stimuli with a 0.8-s rhythm increased instability.
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OBJECTIVE: Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive malignancy with high mortality, and cancer cell stemness and related drug resistance are considered important contributors to its poor prognosis. The objective of this study was to identify regulatory targets associated with the maintenance of pancreatic cancer stemness. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pancreatic tumor samples were collected from patients at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, followed by immunofluorescence analysis. Pancreatic cancer cell lines with Interleukin-20 receptor subunit beta (IL20RB) overexpression and knockdown were established, and clonal formation, spheroid formation and side population cell analysis were conducted. The effects of IL20RB knockdown on the tumor-forming ability of pancreatic cancer cells and chemotherapy resistance in vivo were explored. RESULTS: IL20RB expression was significantly upregulated in pancreatic cancer tissues, and was correlated with unfavorable prognosis. The IL20RB receptor promotes stemness and chemoresistance in both in vitro and in vivo models of pancreatic cancer. Mechanistically, IL20RB enhances the stemness and chemoresistance of pancreatic cancer by promoting STAT3 phosphorylation, an effect that can be counteracted by a STAT3 phosphorylation inhibitors. Additionally, Interleukin-19 derived from the microenvironment is identified as the primary ligand for IL20RB in mediating these effects. CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrate that IL20RB plays a crucial role in promoting stemness in pancreatic cancer. This discovery provides a potential therapeutic target for this lethal disease.
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Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos , Neoplasias Pancreáticas , Humanos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Transdução de Sinais , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/genética , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/metabolismo , Prognóstico , Células-Tronco Neoplásicas/patologia , Microambiente TumoralRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Clinical observations suggest a complex relationship between obesity and coronary artery disease (CAD). This study aimed to characterize the intermediate metabolism phenotypes among obese patients with CAD and without CAD. METHODS: Sixty-two participants who consecutively underwent coronary angiography were enrolled in the discovery cohort. Transcriptional and untargeted metabolomics analyses were carried out to screen for key molecular changes between obese patients with CAD (CAD obese), without CAD (Non-CAD obese), and Non-CAD leans. A targeted GC-MS metabolomics approach was used to further identify differentially expressed metabolites in the validation cohorts. Regression and receiver operator curve analysis were performed to validate the risk model. RESULTS: We found common aberrantly expressed pathways both at the transcriptional and metabolomics levels. These pathways included cysteine and methionine metabolism and arginine and proline metabolism. Untargeted metabolomics revealed that S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), 3-hydroxybenzoic acid, 2-hydroxyhippuric acid, nicotinuric acid, and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol were significantly elevated in the CAD obese group compared to the other two groups. In the validation study, targeted cysteine and methionine metabolomics analyses showed that homocysteine (Hcy), SAH, and choline were significantly increased in the CAD obese group compared with the Non-CAD obese group, while betaine, 5-methylpropanedioic acid, S-adenosylmethionine, 4-PA, and vitamin B2 (VB2) showed no significant differences. Multivariate analyses showed that Hcy was an independent predictor of obesity with CAD (hazard ratio 1.7; 95%CI 1.2-2.6). The area under the curve based on the Hcy metabolomic (HCY-Mtb) index was 0.819, and up to 0.877 for the HCY-Mtb.index plus clinical variables. CONCLUSION: This is the first study to propose that obesity with hyperhomocysteinemia is a useful intermediate metabolism phenotype that could be used to identify obese patients at high risk for developing CAD.
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Doença da Artéria Coronariana , Hiper-Homocisteinemia , Obesidade , Humanos , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/diagnóstico por imagem , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/etiologia , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/genética , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/metabolismo , Estudos Transversais , Cisteína , População do Leste Asiático , Hiper-Homocisteinemia/complicações , Hiper-Homocisteinemia/genética , Hiper-Homocisteinemia/metabolismo , Metabolômica , Obesidade/complicações , Obesidade/genética , Obesidade/metabolismo , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Transcriptoma , Angiografia Coronária , Fatores de Risco Cardiometabólico , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , IdosoRESUMO
Radiotherapy (RT) plays an important role in tumor therapy due to its noninvasiveness and wide adaptation. In recent years, radiation therapy has been discovered to induce an anti-tumor immune response, which arouses widespread concern among scientists and clinicians. In this review, we highlight recent advances in the applications of nano-biomaterials for radiotherapy-activated immunotherapy. We first discuss the combination of different radiosensitizing nano-biomaterials and immune checkpoint inhibitors to enhance tumor immune response and improve radiotherapy efficacy. Subsequently, various nano-biomaterials-enabled tumor oxygenation strategies are introduced to alleviate the hypoxic tumor environment and amplify the immunomodulatory effect. With the aid of nano-vaccines and adjuvants, radiotherapy refreshes the host's immune system. Additionally, ionizing radiation responsive nano-biomaterials raise innate immunity-mediated anti-tumor immunity. At last, we summarize the rapid development of immune modulatable nano-biomaterials and discuss the key challenge in the development of nano-biomaterials for tumor radio-immunotherapy. Understanding the nano-biomaterials-assisted radio-immunotherapy will maximize the benefits of clinical radiotherapy and immunotherapy and facilitate the development of new combinational therapy modality.
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Materiais Biocompatíveis , Neoplasias , Humanos , Neoplasias/radioterapia , Imunoterapia , Adjuvantes Imunológicos , Sistema ImunitárioRESUMO
The novel robot-assisted (RA) technique has been utilized increasingly to improve the accuracy of cervical pedicle screw placement. Although the clinical application of the RA technique has been investigated in several case series and comparative studies, the superiority and safety of RA over conventional freehand (FH) methods remain controversial. Meanwhile, the intra-pedicular accuracy of the two methods has not been compared for patients with cervical traumatic conditions. This study aimed to compare the rate and risk factors of intra-pedicular accuracy of RA versus the conventional FH approach for posterior pedicle screw placement in cervical traumatic diseases. A total of 52 patients with cervical traumatic diseases who received cervical screw placement using RA (26 patients) and FH (26 patients) techniques were retrospectively included. The primary outcome was the intra-pedicular accuracy of cervical pedicle screw placement according to the Gertzbin-Robbins scale. Secondary outcome parameters included surgical time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage, postoperative hospital stay, and complications. Moreover, the risk factors that possibly affected intra-pedicular accuracy were assessed using univariate analyses. Out of 52 screws inserted using the RA method, 43 screws (82.7%) were classified as grade A, with the remaining 7 (13.5%) and 2 (3.8%) screws classified as grades B and C. In the FH cohort, 60.8% of the 79 screws were graded A, with the remaining screws graded B (21, 26.6%), C (8, 10.1%), and D (2, 2.5%). The RA technique showed a significantly higher rate of optimal intra-pedicular accuracy than the FH method (P = 0.008), but there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of clinically acceptable accuracy (P = 0.161). Besides, the RA technique showed remarkably longer surgery time, less postoperative drainage, shorter postoperative hospital stay, and equivalent intraoperative blood loss and complications than the FH technique. Furthermore, the univariate analyses showed that severe obliquity of the lateral atlantoaxial joint in the coronal plane (P = 0.003) and shorter width of the lateral mass at the inferior margin of the posterior arch (P = 0.014) were risk factors related to the inaccuracy of C1 screw placement. The diagnosis of HRVA (P < 0.001), severe obliquity of the lateral atlantoaxial joint in the coronal plane (P < 0.001), short pedicle width (P < 0.001), and short pedicle height (P < 0.001) were risk factors related to the inaccuracy of C2 screw placement. RA cervical pedicle screw placement was associated with a higher rate of optimal intra-pedicular accuracy to the FH technique for patients with cervical traumatic conditions. The severe obliquity of the lateral atlantoaxial joint in the coronal plane independently contributed to high rates of the inaccuracy of C1 and C2 screw placements. RA pedicle screw placement is safe and useful for cervical traumatic surgery.
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Articulação Atlantoaxial , Parafusos Pediculares , Robótica , Fusão Vertebral , Humanos , Parafusos Pediculares/efeitos adversos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Vértebras Cervicais/cirurgia , Fusão Vertebral/métodosRESUMO
Musculoskeletal modeling and simulation have been an emerging trend in human gait analysis. It allows the user to isolate certain biomechanical conditions and elucidate the dynamics of joints and muscles. This study used an open-source musculoskeletal modeling and simulation tool, opensim to investigate the biomechanical effect of knee brace. It collected gait data from thirty-eight participants and examined the gait spatio-temporal parameters, joint angles, and joint moments. Static optimization was performed to estimate the lower extremity muscle force. Statistical analysis was conducted to identify the difference between normal and braced gaits. The results demonstrated the feasibility of this method to investigate the interaction and coordination of lower extremity joints and muscles. The knee brace constrained the range of the motion of the knee during walking. It also changed the walking speed, step length, and stance-to-swing ratio. Several significant differences were found in the joint moments and muscle forces of the rectus femoris, gastrocnemius, soleus and tibialis anterior. Musculoskeletal modeling and simulation tool offers a less invasive and practical alternative to analyze human motion. It also provides a means to investigate the effect of medical devices such as knee brace, which can be potentially beneficial for the future design and development of such devices and for the derivation of future rehabilitation treatment to improve patient's gait.
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Marcha , Caminhada , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Braquetes , Marcha/fisiologia , Humanos , Articulação do Joelho/fisiologia , Músculo Esquelético/fisiologia , Caminhada/fisiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: C1 transpedicular screw (C1TS) placement provided satisfactory pullout resistance and 3D stability, but its application might be limited in patients with basilar invagination (BI) due to the high incidences of the atlas anomaly and vertebral artery (VA) variation. However, no study has explored the classifications of C1 posterior arch variations and investigated their indications and ideal insertion trajectories for C1TS in BI. PURPOSE: To investigate the bony and surrounding arterial characteristics of the atlas, classify posterior arch variations, identify indications for C1TS, evaluate ideal insertion trajectories for C1TS in BI patients without atlas occipitalization (AO), and compare them with those without BI and AO as control. METHODS: A total of 130 non-AO patients with and without BI (52 patients and 78 patients, respectively) from two medical centers were included at a 1:1.5 ratio. The posterior arch variations were assessed using a modified C1 morphological classification. Comparisons regarding the bony and surrounding arterial characteristics, morphological classification distributions, and ideal insertion trajectories between BI and control groups were performed. The subgroup analyses based on different morphological classifications were also conducted. In addition, the factors possibly affecting the insertion parameters were investigated using multiple linear regression analyses. RESULTS: The BI group was associated with significantly smaller lateral mass height and width, sagittal length of posterior arch, pedicle height, vertical height of posterior arch, and distance between VA and VA groove (VAG) than control group. Four types of posterior arch variations with indications for different screw placement techniques were classified; Classifications I and II were suitable for C1TS. The BI cohort showed a significantly lower rate of Classification I than the control cohort. In the BI group, the subgroup of Classification I had significantly larger distance between the insertion point (IP) and inferior aspect of the posterior arch. In addition, it had the narrowest width along ideal screw trajectory, but a significantly more lateral ideal mediolateral angle than the subgroup of Classification II. Multiple linear regression indicated that the cephalad angle was significantly associated with the diagnosis of BI (B = 3.708, P < 0.001) and sagittal diameter of C1 (B = 3.417, P = 0.027); the ideal mediolateral angle was significantly associated with BMI (B = 0.264, P = 0.031), sagittal diameter of C1 (B = - 4.559, P = 0.002), and pedicle height (B = - 2.317, P < 0.001); the distance between the IP and inferior aspects of posterior arch was significantly associated with age (B = - 0.002, P = 0.035), BMI (B = - 0.007, P = 0.028), sagittal length of posterior arch (B = - 0.187, P = 0.032), pedicle height (B = - 0.392, P < 0.001), and middle and lower parts of posterior arch (B = 0.862, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The incidence of posterior arch variation in BI patients without AO was remarkably higher than that in control patients. The insertion parameters of posterior screws were different between the morphological classification types in BI and control groups. The distance between VA V3 segments and VAG in BI cohort was substantially smaller than that in control cohort. Preoperative individual 3D computed tomography (CT), CT angiography and intraoperative navigation are recommended for BI patients receiving posterior screw placement.
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Articulação Atlantoaxial , Platibasia , Fusão Vertebral , Humanos , Fusão Vertebral/métodos , Parafusos Ósseos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Angiografia por Tomografia Computadorizada , Articulação Atlantoaxial/cirurgiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Dynesys stabilization (DS) is utilized to preserve mobility at the instrumental segments and prevent adjacent segment pathology in clinical practice. However, the advantages of DS method in medium and long-term follow-up remain controversial. OBJECTIVE: To compare the radiographic and clinical outcomes between DS and instrumented fusion in the treatment of degenerative lumbar spine disease with or without grade I spondylolisthesis with a minimum follow-up period of 2 years. METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases, Chinese National Knowledge Databases, and Wanfang Database for potentially eligible articles. Clinical outcomes were assessed in terms of VAS and ODI scores, screw loosening and breakage, and surgical revision. Radiographic outcomes were assessed in terms of postoperative range of movement (ROM) and disc heigh. Moreover, adjacent segment degeneration (ASDeg) and adjacent segment disease (ASDis) were evaluated. RESULTS: Seventeen studies with 1296 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The DS group was associated with significantly lower postoperative VAS scores for low-back and leg pain, and lower rate of surgical revision than the fusion group. Moreover, the Dynesys group showed significantly less ASDeg than the fusion group but showed no significant advantage over the fusion group in terms of preventing ASDis. Additionally, the ROM at the stabilized segments of the fusion group decreased significantly and that at the adjacent segments increased significantly compared with those of the DS group. CONCLUSION: DS showed comparable clinical outcomes and provided benefits in preserving the motion at the stabilized segments, thus limiting the hypermobility at the adjacent segments and preventing ASDeg compared with the fusion method in degenerative disease with or without grade I spondylolisthesis.
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Espondilolistese , Humanos , Parafusos Ósseos , Bases de Dados Factuais , Reoperação , Espondilolistese/diagnóstico por imagem , Espondilolistese/cirurgia , Fusão VertebralRESUMO
Artificial neural networks exhibit significant advantages in terms of learning capability and generalizability, and have been increasingly applied in water quality prediction. Through learning a compressed representation of the input data, the Encoder-Decoder (ED) structure not only could remove noise and redundancies, but also could efficiently capture the complex nonlinear relationships of meteorological and water quality factors. The novelty of this study lies in proposing a multi-output Temporal Convolutional Network based ED model (TCN-ED) to make ammonia nitrogen forecasts for the first time. The contribution of our study is indebted to systematically assessing the significance of combining the ED structure with advanced neural networks for making accurate and reliable water quality forecasts. The water quality gauge station located at Haihong village of an island in Shanghai City of China constituted the case study. The model input contained one hourly water quality factor and hourly meteorological factors of 32 observed stations, where each factor was traced back to the previous 24 h and each meteorological factor of 32 gauge stations was aggregated into one areal average factor. A total of 13,128 hourly water quality and meteorological data were divided into two datasets corresponding to model training and testing stages. The Long Short-Term Memory based ED (LSTM-ED), LSTM and TCN models were constructed for comparison purposes. The results demonstrated that the developed TCN-ED model can succeed in mimicking the complex dependence between ammonia nitrogen and water quality and meteorological factors, and provide more accurate ammonia nitrogen forecasts (1- up to 6-h-ahead) than the LSTM-ED, LSTM and TCN models. The TCN-ED model, in general, achieved higher accuracy, stability and reliability compared with the other models. Consequently, the improvement can facilitate river water quality forecasting and early warning, as well as benefit water pollution prevention in the interest of river environmental restoration and sustainability.
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Amônia , Monitoramento Ambiental , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , China , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Modelos Teóricos , Nitrogênio/análise , PrevisõesRESUMO
One critical question for water security and sustainable development is how water quality responses to the changes in natural factors and human activities, especially in light of the expected exacerbation in water scarcity. Although machine learning models have shown noticeable advances in water quality attribution analysis, they have limited interpretability in explaining the feature importance with theoretical guarantees of consistency. To fill this gap, this study built a modelling framework that employed the inverse distance weighting method and the extreme gradient boosting model to simulate the water quality at grid scale, and adapted the Shapley additive explanation to interpret the contributions of the drivers to water quality over the Yangtze River basin. Different from previous studies, we calculated the contribution of features to water quality at each grid within river basin and aggregated the contribution from all the grids as the feature importance. Our analysis revealed dramatic changes in response magnitudes of water quality to drivers within river basin. Air temperature had high importance in the variability of key water quality indicators (i.e. ammonia-nitrogen, total phosphorus, and chemical oxygen demand), and dominated the changes of water quality in Yangtze River basin, especially in the upstream region. In the mid- and downstream regions, water quality was mainly affected by human activities. This study provided a modelling framework applicable to robustly identify the feature importance by explaining the contribution of features to water quality at each grid.
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Monitoramento Ambiental , Qualidade da Água , Humanos , Efeitos Antropogênicos , Rios , Análise da Demanda Biológica de OxigênioRESUMO
Glucose oxidase (GOD) is an oxidoreductase that catalyzes the aerobic oxidation of glucose into hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and gluconic acid, which has been widely used in industrial raw materials production, biosensors and cancer treatment. However, natural GOD bears intrinsic disadvantages, such as poor stability and a complex purification process, which undoubtedly restricts its biomedical applications. Fortunately, several artificial nanomaterials have been recently discovered with a GOD-like activity and their catalytic efficiency toward glucose oxidation can be finely optimized for diverse biomedical applications in biosensing and disease treatments. In view of the notable progress of GOD-mimicking nanozymes, this review systematically summarizes the representative GOD-mimicking nanomaterials for the first time and depicts their proposed catalytic mechanisms. We then introduce the efficient modulation strategy to improve the catalytic activity of existing GOD-mimicking nanomaterials. Finally, the potential biomedical applications in glucose detection, DNA bioanalysis and cancer treatment are highlighted. We believe that the development of nanomaterials with a GOD-like activity will expand the application range of GOD-based systems and lead to new opportunities of GOD-mimicking nanomaterials for various biomedical applications.
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Técnicas Biossensoriais , Nanoestruturas , Glucose Oxidase , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/análise , Oxirredução , Glucose/análiseRESUMO
In humans, loss-of-function mutations of Kcnj10 in SeSAME/EAST syndrome, which encodes the inwardly rectifying K+ channel 4.1 (Kir 4.1), causes progressive neurological decline. Despite its rich expression in oligodendrocyte (OL) lineage cells and an emerging link with demyelinating disease, the function of Kir 4.1 in OLs is unclear. Here we show a novel role of Kir 4.1 in OL development. Kir 4.1 expression is markedly greater in OLs than in OL precursor cells (OPCs), and the down-regulation of Kir 4.1 impairs OL maturation by affecting OPC differentiation. Interestingly, Kir 4.1 regulates the intracellular pH of OPCs and OLs via the Na+ /H+ exchanger, which underlies impeded OPC differentiation by Kir 4.1 inhibition. Furthermore, Kir 4.1 regulates GSK3ß and SOX10, two molecules critical to OPC development. Collectively, our work opens a new avenue to understanding the functions of Kir 4.1 and intracellular pH in OLs.