The mouse Gene Expression Database (GXD): 2021 update.

The Gene Expression Database (GXD; www.informatics.jax.org/expression.shtml) is an extensive and well-curated community resource of mouse developmental gene expression information. For many years, GXD has collected and integrated data from RNA in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR, northern blot, and western blot experiments through curation of the scientific literature and by collaborations with large-scale expression projects. Since our last report in 2019, we have continued to acquire these classical types of expression data; developed a searchable index of RNA-Seq and microarray experiments that allows users to quickly and reliably find specific mouse expression studies in ArrayExpress (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/arrayexpress/) and GEO (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/); and expanded GXD to include RNA-Seq data. Uniformly processed RNA-Seq data are imported from the EBI Expression Atlas and then integrated with the other types of expression data in GXD, and with the genetic, functional, phenotypic and disease-related information in Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI). This integration has made the RNA-Seq data accessible via GXD's enhanced searching and filtering capabilities. Further, we have embedded the Morpheus heat map utility into the GXD user interface to provide additional tools for display and analysis of RNA-Seq data, including heat map visualization, sorting, filtering, hierarchical clustering, nearest neighbors analysis and visual enrichment.

The mouse Gene Expression Database (GXD): 2019 update.

The mouse Gene Expression Database (GXD) is an extensive, well-curated community resource freely available at www.informatics.jax.org/expression.shtml. Covering all developmental stages, GXD includes data from RNA in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR, northern blot and western blot experiments in wild-type and mutant mice. GXD's gene expression information is integrated with the other data in Mouse Genome Informatics and interconnected with other databases, placing these data in the larger biological and biomedical context. Since the last report, the ability of GXD to provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of development and disease has been greatly enhanced by the addition of new data and by the implementation of new web features. These include: improvements to the Differential Gene Expression Data Search, facilitating searches for genes that have been shown to be exclusively expressed in a specified structure and/or developmental stage; an enhanced anatomy browser that now provides access to expression data and phenotype data for a given anatomical structure; direct access to the wild-type gene expression data for the tissues affected in a specific mutant; and a comparison matrix that juxtaposes tissues where a gene is normally expressed against tissues, where mutations in that gene cause abnormalities.

The mouse Gene Expression Database (GXD): 2017 update.

The Gene Expression Database (GXD; www.informatics.jax.org/expression.shtml) is an extensive and well-curated community resource of mouse developmental expression information. Through curation of the scientific literature and by collaborations with large-scale expression projects, GXD collects and integrates data from RNA in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR, northern blot and western blot experiments. Expression data from both wild-type and mutant mice are included. The expression data are combined with genetic and phenotypic data in Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI) and made readily accessible to many types of database searches. At present, GXD includes over 1.5 million expression results and more than 300 000 images, all annotated with detailed and standardized metadata. Since our last report in 2014, we have added a large amount of data, we have enhanced data and database infrastructure, and we have implemented many new search and display features. Interface enhancements include: a new Mouse Developmental Anatomy Browser; interactive tissue-by-developmental stage and tissue-by-gene matrix views; capabilities to filter and sort expression data summaries; a batch search utility; gene-based expression overviews; and links to expression data from other species.

The mouse Gene Expression Database (GXD): 2014 update.

The Gene Expression Database (GXD; http://www.informatics.jax.org/expression.shtml) is an extensive and well-curated community resource of mouse developmental expression information. GXD collects different types of expression data from studies of wild-type and mutant mice, covering all developmental stages and including data from RNA in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR, northern blot and western blot experiments. The data are acquired from the scientific literature and from researchers, including groups doing large-scale expression studies. Integration with the other data in Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI) and interconnections with other databases places GXD's gene expression information in the larger biological and biomedical context. Since the last report, the utility of GXD has been greatly enhanced by the addition of new data and by the implementation of more powerful and versatile search and display features. Web interface enhancements include the capability to search for expression data for genes associated with specific phenotypes and/or human diseases; new, more interactive data summaries; easy downloading of data; direct searches of expression images via associated metadata; and new displays that combine image data and their associated annotations. At present, GXD includes >1.4 million expression results and 250,000 images that are accessible to our search tools.

The mouse Gene Expression Database (GXD): updates and enhancements.

The Gene Expression Database (GXD) is a community resource for gene expression information in the laboratory mouse. By collecting and integrating different types of expression data, GXD provides information about expression profiles in different mouse strains and mutants. Participation in the Gene Ontology (GO) project classifies genes and gene products with regard to molecular functions, biological processes, and cellular components. Integration with other Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI) databases places the gene expression information in the context of mouse genetic, genomic and phenotypic information. The integration of these types of information enables valuable insights into the molecular biology that underlies development and disease. The utility of GXD has been improved by the daily addition of new data and through the implementation of new query and display features. These improvements make it easier for users to interrogate and visualize expression data in the context of their specific needs. GXD is accessible through the MGI website at http://www.informatics.jax.org/ or directly at http://www. informatics.jax.org/menus/expression_menu.shtml.

Connecting sequence and biology in the laboratory mouse.

The Mouse Genome Sequencing Consortium and the RIKEN Genome Exploration Research grouphave generated large sets of sequence data representing the mouse genome and transcriptome, respectively. These data provide a valuable foundation for genomic research. The challenges for the informatics community are how to integrate these data with the ever-expanding knowledge about the roles of genes and gene products in biological processes, and how to provide useful views to the scientific community. Public resources, such as the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI; http://www.ncbi.nih.gov), and model organism databases, such as the Mouse Genome Informatics database (MGI; http://www.informatics.jax.org), maintain the primary data and provide connections between sequence and biology. In this paper, we describe how the partnership of MGI and NCBI LocusLink contributes to the integration of sequence and biology, especially in the context of the large-scale genome and transcriptome data now available for the laboratory mouse. In particular, we describe the methods and results of integration of 60,770 FANTOM2 mouse cDNAs with gene records in the databases of MGI and LocusLink.