Attitudes Toward Lesbians and Gay Men Scale: validation in Brazilian physicians.

OBJECTIVE: To perform the cross-cultural adaptation of the original North American version of the Attitudes Toward Lesbians and Gay Men Scale (ATLG) for use in Brazil, and to evaluate the psychometric properties of the adapted instrument in a sample of Brazilian heterosexual physicians. METHODS: Stages of cross-cultural adaptation were as follows: translation by two independent evaluators, translation synthesis, evaluation by the target population for semantic equivalence, pilot study with 42 physicians, and final instrument preparation involving 224 heterosexual physicians practicing medicine in the Federal District. Invitations containing a link to the study were sent to physicians via e-mail, social media and medical associations. Inclusion criteria were as follows: being a physician authorized to practice medicine in Brazil, practicing medicine in the Brazilian Federal District, and self-declared heterosexual, as stipulated in the original version of the ATLG scale. Exclusion criteria were not disclosed to potential participants to avoid inhibition and unwillingness to participate; respondents meeting exclusion criteria were removed from the sample during data analysis. RESULTS: Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses suggested a one-factor solution to be the most representative of the data, including all 20 items with high reliability (composite reliability coefficients =0.948). CONCLUSION: The ATLG scale is a suitable instrument to assess physicians' attitudes toward homosexuals, with good validity and reliability evidence based on the sample studied.

What do physicians know about homosexuality? Translation and adaptation of Knowledge about Homosexuality Questionnaire.

OBJECTIVE: To adapt the Knowledge about Homosexuality Questionnaire to Brazilian Portuguese, and to assess knowledge of heterosexual physicians on homosexuality. METHODS: The following steps for cultural adaptation were made: translation by two independent evaluators, translation synthesis, and evaluation of semantic properties by the target population, followed by the development of a pilot study and administration of the instrument to 224 heterosexual physicians working in the Brazilian Federal District. RESULTS: The mean number of correct answers in the questionnaire was 11.8 (SD=2.81) out of 18 items, i.e., 65.5%. Catholic and evangelical physicians gave a significant lower number of correct answers compared with those who believed in other religions or who did not believe in any religion (p=0.009), and 40% of sample did not know that homosexuality is not considered a disease. CONCLUSION: This study adapted the American instrument entitled Knowledge about Homosexuality Questionnaire and provided evidence for its validation in Brazil, revealing physicians' lack of knowledge about several aspects related to homosexuality. The findings of this study may help in guiding improvements in medical training and practice.

Attitudes Toward Lesbians and Gay Men Scale: validation in Brazilian physicians / Attitudes Toward Lesbian and Gay Men Scale: validação em médicos brasileiros

ABSTRACT Objective: To perform the cross-cultural adaptation of the original North American version of the Attitudes Toward Lesbians and Gay Men Scale (ATLG) for use in Brazil, and to evaluate the psychometric properties of the adapted instrument in a sample of Brazilian heterosexual physicians. Methods: Stages of cross-cultural adaptation were as follows: translation by two independent evaluators, translation synthesis, evaluation by the target population for semantic equivalence, pilot study with 42 physicians, and final instrument preparation involving 224 heterosexual physicians practicing medicine in the Federal District. Invitations containing a link to the study were sent to physicians via e-mail, social media and medical associations. Inclusion criteria were as follows: being a physician authorized to practice medicine in Brazil, practicing medicine in the Brazilian Federal District, and self-declared heterosexual, as stipulated in the original version of the ATLG scale. Exclusion criteria were not disclosed to potential participants to avoid inhibition and unwillingness to participate; respondents meeting exclusion criteria were removed from the sample during data analysis. Results: Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses suggested a one-factor solution to be the most representative of the data, including all 20 items with high reliability (composite reliability coefficients =0.948). Conclusion: The ATLG scale is a suitable instrument to assess physicians' attitudes toward homosexuals, with good validity and reliability evidence based on the sample studied.

RESUMO Objetivo: Realizar a adaptação transcultural da versão original norte-americana do inventário Attitudes Toward Lesbian and Gay Men Scale (ATLG) sobre atitudes diante de lésbicas e homens gays para uso no Brasil, e avaliar as propriedades psicométricas em uma amostra de médicos heterossexuais brasileiros. Métodos: Foram realizadas as seguintes etapas de adaptação transcultural: tradução por dois avaliadores independentes, síntese das traduções, avaliação pela população-alvo para equivalência semântica, estudo piloto com 42 médicos, e processo final de elaboração do instrumento, envolvendo 224 médicos heterossexuais que exerciam medicina no Distrito Federal. Um convite contendo um link para o estudo foi enviado aos médicos por e-mail, por meio de redes sociais e de associações médicas. Os critérios de inclusão foram: ser médico atuante, exercer a atividade no Distrito Federal e se autodeclarar heterossexual (conforme estipulado na ATLG). Para evitar a inibição ou impedir a resposta, os critérios de exclusão não foram divulgados aos potenciais participantes. Questionários que preencheram critérios de exclusão foram removidos da amostra durante a análise de dados. Resultados: Análises fatoriais exploratórias e confirmatórias sugeriram um único fator como sendo o mais representativo para os dados, reunindo os 20 itens com fidedignidade elevada (coeficiente de confiabilidade composta = 0,948). Conclusão: A ATLG é um instrumento adequado para avaliar as atitudes dos médicos em relação aos homossexuais, com evidência de validade e confiabilidade na amostra analisada.