Cross-sectional Evaluation of Health Insurance Knowledge and Self-efficacy in Adolescents and Young Adults with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the status of health insurance knowledge and self-efficacy among adolescents and young adults with inflammatory bowel disease (AYA-IBD). STUDY DESIGN: English-proficient AYA-IBD >15 years receiving care at an academic pediatric practice were invited to perform the Kaiser Family Foundation survey on health information knowledge and the Health Insurance Literacy Measure. Analyses of responses by demographic factors were performed using nonparametric analyses and agreement analyses were performed to compare survey responses. RESULTS: Fifty AYA-IBD (60% 15-17 years old; 54% male; 76% white; 32% Hispanic) completed the surveys. Most AYA-IBD (58%) answered less than half the health insurance knowledge questions correctly. Reported ability and confidence in choosing and using health insurance was slight to moderate (median 2.8 on Likert scale of 1[not at all confident] to 4 [very confident]). While health insurance knowledge scores did not vary by demographic factors, total health insurance self-efficacy increased with disease duration, and Hispanic participants reported reduced ability to select health insurance than non-Hispanic counterparts. CONCLUSIONS: AYA-IBD demonstrated suboptimal health insurance knowledge and self-efficacy. Our findings identify an important opportunity to provide health insurance education to help prepare all AYA-IBD to manage the costs of medical care during the transition process to adulthood.

Evaluating Transition Readiness: Is Self-Report Valid as the Gold Standard?

OBJECTIVE: Determination of transitional readiness is an essential component of delivery of transition services to adolescents and young adults with chronic diseases, including those with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). To date, this has been performed using the transition checklist (TC). However, clinical experience suggests the validity of the checklist may not be ideal. We sought to evaluate the validity of the TC among adolescents and young adults with IBD (AYA IBD). METHODS: We evaluated the validity of the TC compared with a skills-based practicum (TKSP) in a cross-sectional study using a real-world clinical cohort of AYA IBD. Extent of concordance between TC and TKSP was assessed using confusion matrices and calculation of Matthews correlation coefficients. RESULTS: Concordance between self-reported TC answers and TKSP performance varied based on skill/knowledge base assessed, ranging from 81.3% for mastery of knowing one's medical condition to 39.2% for mastery of knowing one's medication schedule and 29.3% for mastery of knowing how to refill medications. Matthews correlation coefficients were closer to random prediction than perfect correlation for all skills/knowledge tested. CONCLUSIONS: Self-reported TC answers lack sufficient concordance with TKSP performance. Our findings suggest that a TKSP should be performed to assess for transition readiness and to identify individual AYA IBD patient needs during the transition process.

Improving Hepatitis B Screening at Family Health Centers Using Quality Improvement and Electronic Medical Record Tools.

Chronic hepatitis B viral (HBV) infection is associated with significant morbidity and mortality with endemic areas carrying most of the global burden of HBV disease. Current HBV screening rates in the United States are suboptimal. We aimed to improve HBV screening rates at regional family health centers serving high-risk refugee populations by 20% over 2 years. We used quality improvement (QI) methodology and implemented interventions providing electronic medical record (EMR)-enabled HBV screening tools within known clinical workflows. EMR tools captured country-of-origin data to identify persons from HBV-endemic regions with provision of a laboratory order set to ensure performance of appropriate HBV screening tests. The project was initiated prior to the COVID pandemic but continued during the pandemic with imposed social isolation measures. We nevertheless demonstrated 4 statistical process control chart shifts and achieved our QI smart aim. Further, we demonstrated a high HBV detection rate (8.2%-12.8%) among persons identified for screening.

Harnessing the Electronic Health Record to Distribute Transition Services to Adolescents With Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to evaluate feasibility and utility of an electronic health record (EHR) activity to assess transitional readiness, deliver services to meet individual needs, and to track patient progress. METHODS: We developed a Transition EHR activity (TEA) to track patients through a standardized process where transition readiness is annually assessed and services distributed based on need. The process assesses transition skills starting at age 12 years and sets goals through shared decision-making, delivers resources according to need, reviews patients' personal medical histories, and documents healthcare transfer to adult gastroenterology. We piloted TEA among patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) ages ≥12 years. Distribution to patients was measured and tolerability assessed via patient self-report evaluations. RESULTS: Since launch, TEA has been distributed to all eligible patients (N = 53) with a median age of 16 (14,18) years (median [IQR]), 62% male, 58% white, 26% Hispanic at our weekly dedicated IBD clinic. All have performed the transition skills' self-assessment and practicum, and set transition goals with their healthcare provider. Of these individuals, 41 (77%) participated in survey feedback. On a utility rating scale of 0 (not helpful at all) to 10 (very helpful), patients reported median (IQR) utility scores of 8 (7,10) for the transition readiness assessment, 9 (7,10) for transition resources provided, and 9 (7,10) for the medical history summary. Most (91%) would recommend TEA to other patients. CONCLUSIONS: TEA standardized delivery of resources among pediatric IBD patients and was well received and friendly to clinical workflow.

Adolescents' and Young Adults' Satisfaction with and Understanding of Medical Notes from a Pediatric Gastroenterology Practice: A Cross-Sectional Cohort Study.

Medical note sharing enhances patient-physician relationships, increases medication adherence, and improves self-care. However, many institutions do not release medical notes to adolescents, citing poor understanding and patient harm concerns. We evaluated the results of medical note sharing among adolescents with chronic disease and found high satisfaction and adequate comprehension.

Outcomes From Pediatric Gastroenterology Maintenance of Certification Using Web-based Modules.

OBJECTIVES: Beginning in 2013, the North American Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (NASPGHAN) sponsored and developed subspecialty field-specific quality improvement (QI) activities to provide Part 4 Maintenance of Certification (MOC) credit for ongoing certification of pediatric gastroenterologists by the American Board of Pediatrics. Each activity was a Web-based module that measured clinical practice data repeatedly over at least 3 months as participants implemented rapid cycle change. Here, we examine existing variations in clinical practice among participating pediatric gastroenterologists and determine whether completion of Web-based MOC activities improves patient care processes and outcomes. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional and prospective analysis of physician and parent-reported clinical practice data abstracted from Web-based MOC modules on the topics of upper endoscopy, colonoscopy, and informed consent collected from pediatric gastroenterologists from North America from 2013 to 2016. RESULTS: Among 134 participating pediatric gastroenterologists, 56% practitioners practiced at an academic institution and most (94%) were NASPGHAN members. Participating physicians reported data from 6300 procedures. At baseline, notable practice variation across measured activities was demonstrated. Much of the rapid cycle changes implemented by participants involved individual behaviors, rather than system/team-based improvement activities. Participants demonstrated significant improvements on most targeted process and quality care outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric gastroenterologists and parents reported baseline practice variation, and improvement in care processes and outcomes measured during NASPGHAN-sponsored Web-based MOC QI activities. Subspecialty-oriented Web-based MOC QI activities can reveal targets for reducing unwarranted variation in clinical pediatric practice, and can effectively improve care and patient outcomes.

Hispanic parental perceptions about telemedicine: Potential targets for interventions to improve access to care.

INTRODUCTION: One benefit of the COVID-19 pandemic has been the growth and expansion of telemedicine capabilities with the potential to improve access to healthcare in the face of social isolation mandates. However, adoption of telemedicine has been suboptimal in the Hispanic community and data has been sparse regarding Hispanic experiences with and opinions regarding telemedicine. METHODS: To gather feedback regarding telemedicine and to identify potential barriers to telemedicine use in the Hispanic community, we performed semi-structured interviews about telemedicine experiences among both Hispanic and non-Hispanic parents who had performed both in-person and at least one telemedicine visit for their child at our institution. Mixed methods were utilized to analyze interview responses. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Overall, Hispanic parents overwhelmingly preferred in-person to telemedicine encounters as compared with non-Hispanic parents. Targets were identified to improve the use of telemedicine and to potentially improve access to healthcare in the Hispanic community.

Sharing Notes With Adolescents and Young Adults Admitted to an Inpatient Psychiatry Unit.

Since its inception in 2012, the OpenNotes initiative has been broadly adopted by medical institutions across the nation, giving more than 40 million patients access to their medical documentation.1 The response to this access has been overwhelmingly positive, as providers and adult patients report increased trust, transparency, and collaboration.2 In contrast, the benefits of OpenNotes have yet to be realized among pediatric and adolescent patients. Since February 2018, our pediatric institution has default released medical notes to patients aged 12 years and older. Currently, 90% of medical notes are shared with adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients; however, medical documentation is withheld from those in care settings regarded as vulnerable (ie, psychiatry, child abuse) or if the provider deems the content sensitive. We previously demonstrated adequate comprehension and satisfaction with medical documentation among AYA patients seen at a pediatric gastroenterology clinic.3 However, confidentiality concerns persist among providers, especially those working within mental health settings.4.

Effects of diet and/or exercise in enhancing spinal cord sensorimotor learning.

Given that the spinal cord is capable of learning sensorimotor tasks and that dietary interventions can influence learning involving supraspinal centers, we asked whether the presence of omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and the curry spice curcumin (Cur) by themselves or in combination with voluntary exercise could affect spinal cord learning in adult spinal mice. Using an instrumental learning paradigm to assess spinal learning we observed that mice fed a diet containing DHA/Cur performed better in the spinal learning paradigm than mice fed a diet deficient in DHA/Cur. The enhanced performance was accompanied by increases in the mRNA levels of molecular markers of learning, i.e., BDNF, CREB, CaMKII, and syntaxin 3. Concurrent exposure to exercise was complementary to the dietary treatment effects on spinal learning. The diet containing DHA/Cur resulted in higher levels of DHA and lower levels of omega-6 fatty acid arachidonic acid (AA) in the spinal cord than the diet deficient in DHA/Cur. The level of spinal learning was inversely related to the ratio of AA:DHA. These results emphasize the capacity of select dietary factors and exercise to foster spinal cord learning. Given the non-invasiveness and safety of the modulation of diet and exercise, these interventions should be considered in light of their potential to enhance relearning of sensorimotor tasks during rehabilitative training paradigms after a spinal cord injury.