RESUMO
A plant's stress response involves the production of phytochemicals, including phenolic compounds. Their synthesis can be modulated by organic (ORG) or non-organic (NORG) farming systems in which they are grown. To examine this issue, thirteen plant-based foods cultivated in ORG and NORG systems were compared in terms of antioxidant capacity, total content of phenolics, anthocyanins, flavan-3-ols and flavonols. The results showed that NORG fruits tended to have higher phenolic compounds content, whereas ORG fruits had more antioxidant capacity. NORG legume stood out for having higher values from all the parameters analyzed in comparison to its ORG equivalent. ORG nuts showed more flavan-3-ols and flavonols than their NORG counterparts, nonetheless, tended to be less antioxidant. ORG vegetables displayed higher phenolics and anthocyanins, which reflected in higher antioxidant capacity than NORG ones. These findings suggest that farming systems differentially modulate phenolic compound composition and antioxidant capacity based on the plant species studied.
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Circadian and seasonal variations produce variations in physiological processes throughout the day and the year, respectively. In this sense, both the light and the moment of feeding are strong modulators of the central and peripheral clocks. However, little is known about its influence on certain metabolic parameters and on the composition of liver and muscle fatty acids (FA). In the present study, 24 Fischer 344 rats were exposed for 11 weeks to different photoperiods, L6, L12 and L18, with 6, 12 and 18 h of light/day, respectively. They were fed a standard diet. Serum metabolic parameters, gene expression of liver enzymes and gastrocnemius muscle involved in the synthesis, elongation, desaturation and ß-oxidation of FA were analyzed. We have found that exposure to different hours of light has a clear effect on FA composition and gene expression in the liver. Mainly, the biosynthesis of unsaturated FA was altered in the L18 animals with respect to those exposed to L12, while the L6 did not show significant changes. At the muscle level, differences were observed in the concentration of mono and polyunsaturated FA. A multivariate analysis confirmed the differences between L12 and L18 in a significant way. We conclude that exposure to long days produces changes in the composition of liver and muscle FA, as well as changes in the gene expression of oxidative enzymes compared to exposure to L12, which could be a consequence of different seasonal eating patterns.
Assuntos
Ácidos Graxos , Fotoperíodo , Ratos , Animais , Ratos Endogâmicos F344 , Ácidos Graxos/metabolismo , Fígado , Ácidos Graxos Insaturados , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismoRESUMO
The aim of this work was to address whether the growing location of tomato could generate a different (poly)phenol profile able to affect both in vivo absorption and (poly)phenol metabolite pattern upon tomato consumption. uHPLC-MSn analyses allowed to obtain a detailed (poly)phenol profile of tomatoes from two locations in Spain, quantifying 57 (poly)phenolic compounds. However, local and non-local tomatoes showed a different concentration of their native (poly)phenols, which could be attributed to diverse cultivation origin. Rat serum was analysed after an acute tomato feeding. Seven phenolic metabolites were quantified through uHPLC-MSn. Pharmacokinetic parameters were further evaluated, revealing different serum concentrations of (poly)phenolic metabolites between tomatoes. The maximum peak serum concentrations, reached mainly after 2 h after ingestion, led to suppose that serum metabolites were mostly derived from absorption in the upper gastrointestinal tract. The growing location of tomatoes affected both the content of native (poly)phenols and their in vivo absorption.
Assuntos
Solanum lycopersicum , Animais , Solanum lycopersicum/metabolismo , Fenol , Fenóis/metabolismo , Polifenóis/metabolismo , Ratos , EspanhaRESUMO
Tomatoes are widely consumed worldwide at any time of the year. However, depending on the variety, they have a characteristic season. We evaluated the consequences metabolic of consumption of Ekstasis tomatoes from different geographical origin and in different seasons in Fischer 344 rats. The hepatic gene expression of key enzymes in lipid metabolism was also evaluated. Animals were classified in three photoperiods (L6, L12, and L18) and in three treatments (vehicle: VH; local tomato: LT; and non-local tomato: nLT). We measured serum metabolic parameters and the gene expression of liver enzymes related to lipid metabolism (Acc1, Cpt1a, Had, Fas1, Srebp-1c, Fatp5, Cd36). LT consumption in season decreased cardiovascular risk 1 and coefficient atherogenic by 1.81 (p = 0.031) and in L6 decreased TAG and glucose (p = 0.046; p = 0.024). The L18-LT animals had decreased total cholesterol (p = 0.029) and gene expression of Srebp1-c (p = 0.022) but increased expression of Acc1 (p = 0.032). The treatments significantly affected the expression of Acc1 and Fas1 in the liver and the levels of serum TAG and glucose. A significant effect of photoperiod on serum concentration of glucose, insulin, HOMA index, and on the hepatic expression of Srep1-c, Fas1, and Acc1 was observed.
Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares , Solanum lycopersicum , Ratos , Animais , Estações do Ano , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Doenças Cardiovasculares/metabolismo , Fatores de Risco , Fígado/metabolismo , Glucose/metabolismo , Ratos Endogâmicos F344RESUMO
Consuming (poly)phenol-rich fruits and vegetables, including tomato, is associated with health benefits. The health effects of tomato (poly)phenolic compounds have been attributed to their metabolites rather than parent compounds and their bioavailability can be modulated by several factors. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of seasonal consumption of local tomatoes on their (poly)phenol bioavailability. For this, (poly)phenol absorption and metabolism were evaluated by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry and linear ion trap mass spectrometric (uHPLC-MSn) after chronic tomato consumption in Fischer rats exposed to three photoperiods mimicking the seasonal daylight schedule. Tomatoes from two locations in Spain (LT, local tomatoes and NLT, non-local tomatoes) were used in this in vivo feeding study. The bioavailability of tomato (poly)phenols depended on the photoperiod to which the rats were exposed, the metabolite concentrations significantly varying between seasons. In-season tomato consumption allowed obtaining the highest concentration of total circulating metabolites. In addition, the origin of the tomato administered generated marked differences in the metabolic profiles, with higher serum concentrations reached upon NLT ingestion. We concluded that in-season tomato consumption led to an increase in (poly)phenol circulation, whereas LT consumption showed lower circulating metabolites than NLT ones. Thus, the origin of the tomato and the seasonal daylight schedule affect the bioavailability of tomato (poly)phenols, which could also affect their bioactivity.
Assuntos
Solanum lycopersicum , Animais , Solanum lycopersicum/química , Fenol , Fenóis/análise , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos F344 , Estações do AnoRESUMO
The phytochemical composition of fruits, especially polyphenols, depends on the environmental conditions under which these fruits are cultivated and the agronomic practices followed. Therefore, the consumption of fruits from different origins, with different polyphenol signatures, could have differential effects on health. In addition, recent studies have shown that variation in the biological rhythms due to changes in the photoperiod in the different seasons differentially affect the metabolism in animal models, thus conditioning their response to food consumption. Considering all, this article evaluates the effects of consumption of sweet cherry from different sources, local (LC) and non-local (nLC), on plasma metabolic parameters and the gene expression of key enzymes of lipid metabolism in Fischer 344 rats under photoperiods simulating different seasons. Animals were classified into three photoperiods (L6, L12 and L18) and three treatments (LC, nLC and VH). Both the photoperiod and the treatments significantly affected the evaluated parameters. An effect of the photoperiod on triacylglycerides, non-esterified fatty acids and the mRNA concentration of crucial enzymes from the hepatic lipid metabolism was observed. Furthermore, the consumption of fruit in L12 lowered blood glucose, while the different treatments affected the hepatic expression of genes related with lipidic enzymes.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Comportamento Alimentar , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Lipogênese/genética , Fígado/enzimologia , Prunus avium/química , Estações do Ano , Animais , Aterosclerose/sangue , Glicemia/metabolismo , Doenças Cardiovasculares/sangue , Ácidos Graxos/sangue , Insulina/sangue , Oxirredução , Fotoperíodo , Ratos Endogâmicos F344 , Fatores de Risco , Triglicerídeos/sangueRESUMO
Tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) constitute an important source of health-promoting compounds including bioactive antioxidants, such as flavonoids, that can differ in terms of composition and quantity depending on the conditions that tomatoes are cultivated. Otherwise, biological rhythms modulate oxidative stress. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant properties of seasonally consumed tomatoes from two different geographical origins (local LT or non-local NLT) in Fischer 344 rats. The results show that LT and NLT have a specific phenolic signature and that each tomato gives a particular response toward biomarkers evaluated, which in turn showed a photoperiod-dependent effect. Remarkably, when tomatoes were administered in-season they improved or sustained antioxidant biomarkers, thus reducing oxidative stress values. It is noteworthy that the protective effect of tomatoes against oxidative stress depends on the geographical origin of the crop. Therefore, tomatoes consumed in-season may improve health by preventing oxidative stress.
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Frutas , Estresse Oxidativo , Estações do Ano , Solanum lycopersicum , Ração Animal , Animais , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Biomarcadores/sangue , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Dieta , Suplementos Nutricionais , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos F344 , Espécies Reativas de OxigênioRESUMO
Sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.) are a source of bioactive compounds, including phenolic compounds, which are antioxidants that contribute to protection against oxidative stress. It is known that the composition of cherries is influenced by external conditions, such as the geographic origin of cultivation, and that biological rhythms have a significant effect on oxidative stress. Therefore, in this study, Fischer 344 rats were exposed to various photoperiods and were supplemented with Brooks sweet cherries from two different geographical origins, local (LC) and non-local (NLC), to evaluate the interaction of supplementation and biological rhythms with regard to the oxidative stress status. The results indicate that the two fruits generated specific effects and that these effects were modulated by the photoperiod. Consumption of sweet cherries in-season, independently of their origin, may promote health by preventing oxidative stress, tending to: enhance antioxidant status, decrease alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities, reduce liver malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and maintain constant serum MDA values and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation.
Assuntos
Comportamento Alimentar , Frutas , Prunus avium , Estações do Ano , Animais , Manipulação de Alimentos , Masculino , Estresse Oxidativo , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos F344RESUMO
This research work evaluates the feasibility of a smartphone-based spectrometer (740-1070â¯nm) for salted minced meat composition diagnostics at industrial scale. A commercially available smartphone-based spectrometer and a benchtop NIR spectrometer (940-1700â¯nm) were used for acquiring 1312 spectra from meat samples stored at four different temperatures ranging from -14⯰C to 25⯰C. Thereafter, for each spectrometer, PLS and Random Forest regression models specific for each temperature and global models were created to predict the fat, moisture and protein contents. Fat and moisture can be estimated with the global model in a wide range of temperatures by using the smartphone-based spectrometer, which has an acceptable accuracy for quality control purposes (RPDâ¯>â¯7) and comparable to the accuracy of a benchtop spectrometer.
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Análise de Alimentos/métodos , Carne/análise , Smartphone , Espectroscopia de Luz Próxima ao Infravermelho/métodos , Estudos de Viabilidade , Análise de Alimentos/instrumentação , Análise dos Mínimos Quadrados , Proteínas/análise , Análise de Regressão , Espectroscopia de Luz Próxima ao Infravermelho/estatística & dados numéricos , TemperaturaRESUMO
Biological rhythms can influence the activity of bioactive compounds, and at the same time, the intake of these compounds can modulate biological rhythms. In this context, chrononutrition has appeared as a research field centered on the study of the interactions among biological rhythms, nutrition, and metabolism. This review summarizes the role of phenolic compounds in the modulation of biological rhythms, focusing on their effects in the treatment or prevention of chronic diseases. Heterotrophs are able to sense chemical cues mediated by phytochemicals such as phenolic compounds, promoting their adaptation to environmental conditions. This is called xenohormesis. Hence, the consumption of fruits and vegetables rich in phenolic compounds exerts several health benefits, mainly attributed to the product of their metabolism. However, the profile of phenolic compounds present in plants differs among species and is highly variable depending on agricultural and technological factors. In this sense, the seasonal consumption of polyphenol-rich fruits could induce important changes in the regulation of physiology and metabolism due to the particular phenolic profile that the fruits contain. This fact highlights the need for studies that evaluate the impact of these specific phenolic profiles on health to establish more accurate dietary recommendations.