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Lung ultrasound is gaining popularity as a quick, easy, and accurate method for the detection of pneumothorax. The typical sonographic features of pneumothorax are the absence of lung sliding, the presence of a lung point, the absence of a lung pulse, and the absence of B-lines. However, we found that in some cases, each of these elements might be misleading.
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BACKGROUND: Due to the distinctive nature of cardiac surgery, patients suffering from hereditary spherocytosis (HS) are potentially at a high risk of perioperative complications resulting from hemolysis. Despite being the most prevalent cause of hereditary chronic hemolysis, the standards of surgical management are based solely on expert opinion. OBJECTIVE: We analyze the risk of hemolysis in HS patients after cardiac surgery based on a systematic review of the literature. We also describe a case of a patient with hereditary spherocytosis who underwent aortic valve repair. METHODS: This systematic review was registered in the PROSPERO international prospective register of systematic reviews (CRD42023417666) and included records from Embase, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. The case study investigates a 38-year-old patient who underwent surgery for an aortic valve defect in mid-2022. RESULTS: Of the 787 search results, 21 studies describing 23 cases of HS undergoing cardiac surgery were included in the final analysis. Hemolysis was diagnosed in five patients (one coronary artery bypass graft surgery, two aortic valve bioprosthesis, one ventricular septal defect closure, and one mitral valve plasty). None of the patients died in the perioperative period. Also, no significant clinical hemolysis was observed in our patient during the perioperative period. CONCLUSIONS: The literature data show that hemolysis is not common in patients with HS undergoing various cardiac surgery techniques. The typical management of a patient with mild/moderate HS does not appear to increase the risk of significant clinical hemolysis. Commonly accepted beliefs about factors inducing hemolysis during cardiac surgery may not be fully justified and require further investigation.
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INTRODUCTION: Monitoring lung function during pneumonia is essential for the evaluation of the effectiveness of therapy in ICU patients. Among various bedside techniques, two particularly interesting are the lung ultrasound and the transpulmonary thermodilution technique. In this observational single center study we want to assess the correlation between the lung ultrasound examination (LUS) and transpulmonary thermodilution volumetric parameters such as extravascular lung water index (EVLWI) and pulmonary vascular permeability index (PVPI). MATERIAL AND METHODS: We analyzed data obtained from medical history of twelve patients requiring mechanical ventilation and hemodynamics monitoring with PICCO catheter due to newly diagnosed pneumonia. We compared lung ultrasound examination performed on the first and third day of new antimicrobial therapy with results of transpulmonary thermodilution examination made on same day. We also calculate the difference between values obtained on first and third day to compare the trends. RESULTS: We did not find any association between tested variables, except a correlation between PVPI and EVLWI, both measured at the same day (Rho = 0.3; 95%CI -0.02-0.59; p = 0.03), and trends in the period of 3 days (Rho = 0.6; 95%CI 0.2-0.8; p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study indicate that volumetric values achieved using the PiCCO method as well as lung ultrasound should be interpreted with care and related to the clinical state of a patient, keeping in mind that no correlation between the result achieved and the actual state of inflammatory changes in the lungs may be possible.