Antioxidant therapy for hepatic diseases: a double-edged sword.

Liver diseases are complex conditions, significantly influenced by oxidative stress. This comprehensive review assesses the therapeutic role of antioxidants like l-ascorbic acid and α tocopherol, beta-carotene, various minerals, and plant-based ingredients in mitigating oxidative stress-induced liver diseases. The manuscript delves into the critical influence of genetic and epigenetic factors on disease susceptibility, progression, and response to antioxidant therapy. While animal studies suggest antioxidant efficacy in liver disease treatment, human trials remain inconclusive, and caution is advised due to its possible potential pro-oxidant effects. Moreover, the interactions of antioxidants with other drugs necessitate careful consideration in the management of polypharmacy in liver disease patients. The review underscores the need for further research to establish the clinical benefits of antioxidants with understanding of possible antioxidant toxicities to elucidate the intricate interplay of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors in liver diseases. The aim is to foster a better understanding of the knowledge on hepatic disease management with judicial antioxidant therapies.

Role of autopsy in diagnosing asplenia and right bilobed lung in a fetus with dextrocardia.

We present a unique case of a fetus with dextrocardia, asplenia and a right bilobed lung in a primigravida woman in her 20s at 21 weeks' gestation. Prenatal ultrasound examination revealed dextrocardia and other anomalies such as atrioventricular septal defect and situs ambiguous with the gallbladder on the left, leading to termination of the pregnancy. Fetal autopsy confirmed the diagnosis, detected additional findings such as asplenia and right bilobed lung missed on ultrasound and highlighted the importance of autopsy in prenatal diagnosis. This rare case emphasises the value of a comprehensive prenatal assessment, fetal autopsy and a multidisciplinary approach in diagnosing, managing and counselling families affected by congenital anomalies. Timely detection and appropriate genetic counselling can guide affected families in making informed decisions regarding future pregnancies while providing closure and support in their grieving process.