Adjuvant Therapy in Node-Positive Endometrial Cancer: A Focus on Chemotherapy.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: In advanced-stage and high-risk endometrial cancer, adjuvant treatment is the standard of care and typically includes chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy. Debate continues over the optimal use of these two treatment modalities together or separately. This review covers the historical literature leading to the current recommendation for adjuvant chemotherapy, in addition to looking forward to the relatively new field of targeted molecular treatment. RECENT FINDINGS: The review covers recent phase III trials comparing chemotherapy to radiotherapy in high-risk endometrial cancer. Additionally, the era of genomic medicine has a new foothold in endometrial cancer, and the review covers new discoveries on molecular classification and prognostic implications. Fortunately, the majority of endometrial cancer has a good prognosis. For advanced-stage and high-risk histologies, the prognosis can be guarded, with adjuvant treatment improving outcomes. Gynecologic oncologists continue to debate the optimal treatment modality/modalities, a debate which will likely become more robust as the field of molecular treatment in endometrial cancer evolves.

Ovarian cancer think tank: An overview of the current status of ovarian cancer screening and recommendations for future directions.

Early diagnosis and screening of ovarian cancer remain significant challenges to improving patient outcomes. There is an urgent need to implement both established and modern strategies to address the "early detection" conundrum, especially as new research continues to uncover the complexities of the disease. The discussion provided is the result of a unique research conference focused on reviewing early detection modalities and providing insight into future approaches.

Beyond Men, Women, or Both: A Comprehensive, LGBTQ-Inclusive, Implicit-Bias-Aware, Standardized-Patient-Based Sexual History Taking Curriculum.

Introduction: This standardized-patient-based module prepares medical students to take inclusive, comprehensive sexual histories from patients of all sexual orientations and gender identities. Health disparities faced by lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) people are at least partially the result of inadequate access to health care and insufficient provider training. This module incorporates implicit bias activities to emphasize the important role providers can play in mitigating these disparities through compassionate, competent care. Furthermore, two of the three included cases highlight the negative impact sexual dysfunction can have on emotional well-being. Methods: Over 3 hours, students participate in a 30-minute large-group lecture and three 40-minute small-group standardized patient encounters with debrief. Prework consists of a short video on sexual history taking, assigned readings, and an implicit bias activity. These materials are included in this resource, along with lecture slides, facilitator guide, and standardized patient cases. Though the cases are adaptable to all levels of medical education, this module is designed for second-year and early third-year medical students. Results: Qualitative student evaluations were positive, and postparticipation surveys revealed statistically significant improvement in comfort with their ability to take a sexual history in general, and take one from patients with a differing sexual orientation. Deployed in the second year of our Doctoring curriculum, this module continues to receive positive evaluations. Discussion: Introducing these skills begins to address the curricular deficiencies seen across medical education and lays the foundation for a more competent health care workforce to address the needs of LGBTQ patients.