A review of different twisted tape configurations used in heat exchanger and their impact on thermal performance of the system.

Heat transfer in water with the help of solar energy is an effective way to harness renewable energy and reduce reliance on non-renewable sources of energy. The utilization of turbulent promoters is an efficient solution to ameliorate the performance of heat exchangers (HE). The current work summarizes the experimental and numerical behaviour of HE reported in the literature, including the thermal examinations of HT and fluid flow characteristics with various turbulent promoters and tube arrangements. This article reviews multiple studies in which different twisted tape (TT) geometry enhances the HT rate in various HE tubes. The current work also compares the thermal performance (η) of TT configurations in HE tubes using correlations developed by different investigators. Maximum heat transfer and minimum friction factor concerning fluid utilized in the system may also produce the optimal form for twisted tapes.

Impact of fermented organic formulations combined with inorganic fertilizers on broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Plenck) cv. Palam Samridhi.

A two-year field experiment (2018-19 and 2019-20) was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with a spacing of 60 × 45 cm involving three replications with ten treatments having cow manurial amendments along with integrated nutrient management in a plot size of 3.0 m × 1.8 m. The effect of the integration of cow manurial amendments and mineral fertilizers on soil fertility, nutrient uptake, yield, and economics of broccoli was studied. The experiment was laid out during the rabi season in the mid-hills of Himachal Pradesh. T8 [90% RDN (112.5 N: 67.5 P: 46.8 K kg/ha) + 5% jeevamrit (1.5 l/m2) + 5% jeevamrit foliar spray] obtained the greatest organic carbon (20.93 g kg-1), available N (375.13 kg ha-1), P (48.46 kg ha-1), K (260.53 kg ha-1) in the soil as well as more uptake of N (60.58 kg ha-1), P (7.25 kg ha-1) and K (37.88 g ha-1) by the plants. Further, this treatment obtained the greatest value for yield (186.77 q ha-1 and 12.44 kg plot-1), net income (₹ 245840) and cost-benefit ratio (1.93). Outcomes of this investigation suggested that combined usage of cow manure, jeevamrit, beejamrit, and ghanjeevamrit with inorganic fertilizers proved to be useful for enhancing soil health, increasing nutrient uptake, and ensuring sustainable production of broccoli.