RESUMO
We report on the first measurement of flux-integrated single differential cross sections for charged-current (CC) muon neutrino (ν_{µ}) scattering on argon with a muon and a proton in the final state, ^{40}Ar (ν_{µ},µp)X. The measurement was carried out using the Booster Neutrino Beam at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory and the MicroBooNE liquid argon time projection chamber detector with an exposure of 4.59×10^{19} protons on target. Events are selected to enhance the contribution of CC quasielastic (CCQE) interactions. The data are reported in terms of a total cross section as well as single differential cross sections in final state muon and proton kinematics. We measure the integrated per-nucleus CCQE-like cross section (i.e., for interactions leading to a muon, one proton, and no pions above detection threshold) of (4.93±0.76_{stat}±1.29_{sys})×10^{-38} cm^{2}, in good agreement with theoretical calculations. The single differential cross sections are also in overall good agreement with theoretical predictions, except at very forward muon scattering angles that correspond to low-momentum-transfer events.
RESUMO
We report the first measurement of the double-differential and total muon neutrino charged current inclusive cross sections on argon at a mean neutrino energy of 0.8 GeV. Data were collected using the MicroBooNE liquid argon time projection chamber located in the Fermilab Booster neutrino beam and correspond to 1.6×10^{20} protons on target of exposure. The measured differential cross sections are presented as a function of muon momentum, using multiple Coulomb scattering as a momentum measurement technique, and the muon angle with respect to the beam direction. We compare the measured cross sections to multiple neutrino event generators and find better agreement with those containing more complete treatment of quasielastic scattering processes at low Q^{2}. The total flux integrated cross section is measured to be 0.693±0.010(stat)±0.165(syst)×10^{-38} cm^{2}.
RESUMO
239 noncarious human teeth, freshly extracted (from patients aged 10 to 78 years), were prepared in order to examine microscopically the effects of aging on the pulp-dentinal complex at crown and root level. Microscopical observations included the following elements: predentin, odontoblastic layer with capillaries, pulpal volume, fibro-dentin, collagen fibres, blood vessels, cells and pulpal calcifications. Results showed a gradual narrowing of the circumference of the pulp volume with increasing age, due to the continual apposition of dentin. Dystrophic or degenerating calcifications were also noted alongside compression of collagen fibres (giving an appearance of fibrosis). However, the radicular vascularisation is still effective by observing the persistence of an anabolic activity (fibrodentin apposition) at these levels. These findings demonstrate the physiologic and the pathologic evolution of the pulp-dentinal complex.