Transurethral plasmakinetic resection versus enucleation for benign prostatic hyperplasia: comparison of intraoperative safety profiles based on endoscopic surgical monitoring system.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the intraoperative safety profiles of transurethral plasmakinetic resection of the prostate (PK-TURP) with transurethral plasmakinetic endoscopic enucleation of the prostate (PK-EEP) in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) based on endoscopic surgical monitoring system (ESMS). METHODS: A total of 128 patients who were diagnosed with BPH were stratified based on prostate volume (PV) and accepted PK-EEP or PK-TURP treatment at 1:1 ratio. The ESMS as a novel method was used to monitor blood loss and fluid absorption during the operation. Clinical parameters such as intraoperative blood loss volume, fluid absorption volume, operation time, tissue weight of resection, preoperative and postoperative red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin concentration (HB), hematocrit (HCT), electrolyte, postoperative bladder irrigation time, indwelling catheter time, hospital stay time and other associated complications were documented and compared between two groups. RESULTS: No significant differences in majority of baseline characteristics were observed among patients with different prostate volumes between two surgical methods. For patients with prostate volume < 40 ml, the average operation time of patients who received PK-EEP treatment was much more than those who received PK-TURP (P = 0.003). On the other hand, for patients with prostate volume > 40 ml, the PK-TURP surgery was associated with a significant increase in intraoperative blood loss (P = 0.021, in PV 40-80 ml group; P = 0.014, in PV > 80 ml group), fluid absorption (P = 0.011, in PV 40-80 ml group; P = 0.006, in PV > 80 ml group) and postoperative bladder irrigation time as well as indwelling catheter time but decrease in resected tissue weight compared to the PK-EEP treatment. CONCLUSION: The ESMS plays an important role in comparison of intraoperative safety profiles between PK-TURP and PK-EEP. Our data suggest that PK-TURP treatment is associated with a decreased operation time in patients with prostate volume < 40 ml and the PK-EEP treatment is associated with decreased intraoperative blood loss, fluid absorption and increased tissue resection for patients with prostate volume > 40 ml. Our results indicate that the size of prostate should be considered when choosing the right operation method.

[Human microbiome and chronic prostatitis / chronic pelvic pain syndrome: An update].

The significance of symbiotic microorganisms in the human body was recognized with the advancing of the concept of human microbiome and the development of related studies and technologies. These microorganisms play important roles in metabolism, immune regulation, the maintenance of health, and the development and progression of diseases in the human body. Recent studies show that chronic prostatitis / chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is related with human microbiome, mainly involving the urogenital tract, intestinal canal, and oral cavity. This review summarizes the studies on the relationship between the human microbiome and CP/CPPS in recent years.

[Low-intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy for erectile dysfunction: Progress in basic studies].

Erectile dysfunction (ED), a common and frequently occurring disease, threatens the sexual well-being of middle-aged and old men. In recent years, micro-energy therapies, represented by low-intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy (Li-ESWT), is proved by long-term multicenter randomized controlled studies to be safe and effective for the treatment of ED. Compared with traditional treatment, this method has the characteristics of few adverse effects, little trauma and thorough treatment. Recently, studies on its mechanisms have aroused the interest of scientists. We collected the results of representative studies at home and abroad since the birth of Li-ESWT for ED and reviewed the mechanisms of this strategy in the treatment of mild and moderate ED, hoping to contribute to the study of the mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment of male sexual dysfunction.

[Low-intensity shock wave therapy for erectile dysfunction: Progression in application].

The prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED) is increasing, especially among men over 40 years old, and is positively correlated with age. It is predicted that there will be as many as 300 million ED patients around the world by the year 2025. Recent years has witnessed deeper insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms of ED and significant breakthroughs in its treatment. However, few achievements have been made in the studies of its pathological change at the molecular level and the measures for its management and rehabilitation. Besides, quite a few cases fail to respond to 5-phosphodiesterase inhibitors. Fortunately, low-intensity shock wave therapy (LiSWT), as a novel non-invasive micro-energy therapeutic option, is promising to get repaired the injured corpus cavernosum of the ED patient and provide a new concept for the management of ED. This review introduces the current situation of the diagnosis and treatment of ED and the mechanisms of LiSWT acting on ED in animal experiments and clinical studies.

[Genetic genes associated with oligospermia, asthenospermia and teratospermia: Advances in studies].

Approximately 2,300 genes are found to be associated with spermiogenesis and their expressions play important roles in the regulation of spermiogenesis. In recent years, more and more attention has been focused on the studies of the genes associated with oligospermia, asthenospermia and teratospermia and their molecular mechanisms. Some genes, such as GSTM1, DNMT3L, and CYP1A1, have been shown to be potentially associated with oligospermia; some, such as CATSPER1, CRISP2, SEPT4, TCTE3, TEKT4, and DNAH1, with asthenospermia; and still others, such as DPY19L2 and AURKC, with teratospermia. These findings have provided a molecular basis for the studies of the pathogenesis of oligospermia, asthenospermia and teratospermia, as well as a new approach to the exploration of new diagnostic and therapeutic techniques.

[Genes associated with hypospadias: an update].

Hypospadias is one of the most common congenital malformations, and its main clinical manifestation is the abnormal opening of the urethra. Etiologically, it can be attributed to many factors, mainly including genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors. Recently studies about its genetic etiologies have found a variety of hypospadias-associated genes from the aspects of epidemiology and polymorphism, mainly those involving the formation of the penis, the development of the testis, the anabolism of androgens, and so on. This review focuses on the progress in the studies on the genetic etiology of hypospadias.

A case report of renal pelvis carcinoma.

Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is a common type of carcinoma worldwide, and it is rare to find it metastasize to the brain. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are an emerging treatment for patients. Our department treated a patient with Urothelial carcinoma (UC) that metastazied to the brain with Disitamab Vedotin. Therefore, the aim of this article is to review and share this rare carcinoma case treated in our department, and to have a deep understanding of Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) so that we can improve treatment for Urothelial carcinoma (UC). Informed consent was granted by the patient to share the case information.

Detection of nuclear matrix protein 22 and survivin baseline level in patients after radical cystectomy.

We investigated the baseline levels of urine nuclear matrix protein 22 (U-NMP22) and survivin in urine after radical cystectomy for primary invasive bladder cancer. We measured U-NMP22 and survivin values in 72 patients with four types of urinary diversion (Indiana bladder, Bricker bladder, Mainz bladder and orthotopic bladder) after radical cystectomy and 25 healthy volunteers. We also analyzed the relation between the U-NMP22 and survivin level and other variables among patients with continent urinary diversion and incontinent urinary diversion as well as healthy controls, and found that the U-NMP22 and survivin values were not associated with postoperative interval or gender. The U-NMP22 values (mean ± standard error) for continent urinary diversion, incontinent urinary diversion and healthy controls were 12.08 ± 0.10, 16.62 ± 0.15 and 0.01 ± 0.00 U/ml, respectively. The survivin values (mean ± standard error) for continent urinary diversion, incontinent urinary diversion and healthy controls were 0.47 ± 0.06, 0.69 ± 0.16 and 0.02 ± 0.03 U/ml, respectively. The U-NMP22 and survivin values in the Bricker bladder group were significantly higher than the values in the other three groups. We noted that increased levels of U-NMP22 and survivin after radical cystectomy varied according to different predictors, which may be useful for designing strategies to follow these cases.

Advances in research of HIV transmission networks.

Transmission network analysis is a crucial evaluation tool aiming to explore the characteristics of the human immunodeficiency virus epidemic, develop evidence-based prevention strategies, and contribute to various areas of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome prevention and control. Over recent decades, transmission networks have made tremendous strides in terms of modes, methods, applications, and various other aspects. Transmission network methods, including social, sexual, and molecular transmission networks, have played a pivotal role. Each transmission network research method has its advantages, as well as its limitations. In this study, we established a systematic review of these aforementioned transmission networks with respect to their definitions, applications, limitations, recent progress, and synthetic applications.

[Performance of the Removal of Nitrogen During Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation Using Different Operational Strategies].

The effects of low substrate ratio, cooling methods, and pH on nitrogen removal performance were studied in a laboratory-scale anaerobic ammonium oxidation reactor (ASBR) while treating simulated domestic waste water. The results illustrated that the average removal efficiencies of NH4+-N and NO2--N increased from 54.4% and 65.3% to 95.8% and 92.5%, respectively, at a temperature of 30℃ and an influent concentration of NO2--N of (30±0.2)mg·L-1. The substrate ratio (NO2--N/NH4+-N) increased from 0.9 to 1.4.However, the removal efficiency of NH4+-N was affected negligibly, and the average removal efficiency of NO2--N decreased to 54.6% when the substrate ratio was increased to 1.6, suggesting that the nitrogen removal performance of anaerobic ammonium oxidation was best when the substrate ratio was close to the theoretical value of 1.32.The average removal efficiencies of NH4+-N and NO2--N decreased from 97.5% and 98.5% to 35.2% and 40.1%, respectively, when the temperature of the reactor dropped from 30℃ to 15℃ at one time. The average removal efficiencies of NH4+-N and NO2--N dropped from 97.7% and 98.6% to 52.7% and 62.4%, respectively, when the ladder cooling method(30℃→25℃→20℃→15℃) was used. The average removal efficiencies of NH4+-N and NO2--N increased initially and then decreased when the pH was increased gradually from 7.7 to 8.5.The highest nitrogen removal efficiency was achieved when the pH was controlled at 8.3 with a substrate ratio of NO2--N/NH4+-N equal to 1.4.