Ferromagnetism in Narrow Bands of Moiré Superlattices.

Many graphene moiré superlattices host narrow bands with nonzero valley Chern numbers. We provide analytical and numerical evidence for a robust spin and/or valley polarized insulator at total integer band filling in nearly flat bands of several different moiré materials. In the limit of a perfectly flat band, we present analytical arguments in favor of the ferromagnetic state substantiated by numerical calculations. Further, we numerically evaluate its stability for a finite bandwidth. We provide exact diagonalization results for models appropriate for ABC trilayer graphene aligned with hBN, twisted double bilayer graphene, and twisted bilayer graphene aligned with hBN. We also provide DMRG results for a honeycomb lattice with a quasiflat band and nonzero Chern number, which extend our results to larger system sizes. We find a maximally spin and valley polarized insulator at all integer fillings when the band is sufficiently flat. We also show that interactions may induce effective dispersive terms strong enough to destabilize this state. These results still hold in the case of zero valley Chern number (for example, trivial side of TLG/hBN). We give an intuitive picture based on extended Wannier orbitals, and emphasize the role of the quantum geometry of the band, whose microscopic details may enhance or weaken ferromagnetism in moiré materials.

MicroRNA-410 is involved in mitophagy after cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury by targeting high-mobility group box 1 protein.

Mitochondrial dysfunction has emerged as a critical pathophysiological factor of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. A thorough understanding of mitochondrial dysfunction during I/R at the molecular level is urgently needed. One prominent microRNA, miR-410, was previously reported to be dynamically regulated in diverse cardiomyopathies, but its mechanism is unclear. In the present study, in a cardiac I/R injury mice model, the expression of miR-410 was significantly upregulated, accompanied with decreased mitochondrial function and mitophagy deficit. After an unbiased search for downstream messenger RNA targets of miR-410, effects of the target gene in mitochondrial dysfunction during I/R injury and the underlying mechanism were further explored in cultured human adult cardiac myocytes (HACMs). The results showed that MitoTracker Red-labeled HACMs mitochondria overlapped with GFP-LC3-labeled autophagosomes, suggesting the presence of mitophagy. MiR-410 expression was significantly increased in hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-stimulated HACMs. MiR-410 overexpression further inhibited cell viability, ATP production, mitochondrial membrane potential and mitophagy level, and increased caspase-3 activity, Bax expression and cytochrome c release. Conversely, inhibition of miR-410 attenuated these effects. We found that miR-410 directly interacted with the 3'-untranslated region of the suppressor of high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) by Dual-Luciferase assay. Moreover, pcDNA3.1-HMGB1 pretreatment effectively reduced the inhibition effects of cell viability and mitophagy brought by H/R, while all those effects can be attenuated by pretreatment with HSPB1 siRNA transfection. Taken together, our results suggest that miR-410 may inhibit mitophagy after cardiac I/R injury by modulating HSPB1 activity via directly targeting HMGB1.

The influence of professional identity, job satisfaction, burnout on turnover intention among village public health service providers in China in the context of COVID-19: A cross-sectional study.

Background: In China, COVID-19 has undoubtedly posed a huge challenge to the capacity of rural public health services. Village public health service providers are responsible for reporting and dealing with infectious diseases and public health emergencies. However, the turnover of village public health service providers is gravely threatening the stability of rural primary health system step by step. This study systematically evaluated the effects of professional identity, job satisfaction, burnout on turnover intention of village public health service providers, and further measured the mediating effect of job satisfaction and burnout between professional identity and turnover intention. Methods: From May to June 2019, 1,244 village public health service providers in Shandong Province were selected as the research objects. Sociodemographic characteristics, professional identity, job satisfaction, burnout and turnover intention were quantitated by self-completed questionnaire and measured by Likert 5-7 scale. Person correlation analysis, One-way ANOVA, and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) were used for statistical analysis and mediating effect evaluation. Results: Five hundred and sixty-four (45.3%) village public health providers had high turnover intension. Professional identity had a direct positive effect on job satisfaction (ß = 0.146, p < 0.001), job satisfaction had a direct negative effect on burnout (ß = 0.263, p < 0.001), and turnover intension (ß = -0.453, p < 0.001), while burnout had a direct positive effect on turnover intension (ß = 0.242, p < 0.001). Between professional identity and turnover intention, job satisfaction 95%CI: (-0.289)-(-0.11) had significant mediating effects. Job satisfaction 95%CI: (-0.216)-(-0.077) also had significant mediating effects between professional identity and burnout, and burnout had significant mediating effects between job satisfaction and turnover intension, 95%CI: (-0.116)-(-0.052). These results strongly confirm that professional identity, job satisfaction, and burnout are early and powerful predicators of turnover intention. Conclusion: According to the results, medical administration and management departments should pay attention to improve the professional attraction of public health services by improving the public's understanding of the profession, reducing work intensity, timely granting of subsidy funds, improving old-age security, ensuring the income level, increasing the new force and so on, so as to reduce turnover intension and ensure the health equity of village residents.

Plasma Metabolic Profile Determination in Young ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients with Ischemia and Reperfusion: Ultra-performance Liquid Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry for Pathway Analysis.

BACKGROUND: This study was to establish a disease differentiation model for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) youth patients experiencing ischemia and reperfusion via ultra-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS) platform, which searches for closely related characteristic metabolites and metabolic pathways to evaluate their predictive value in the prognosis after discharge. METHODS: Forty-seven consecutive STEMI patients (23 patients under 45 years of age, referred to here as "youth," and 24 "elderly" patients) and 48 healthy control group members (24 youth, 24 elderly) were registered prospectively. The youth patients were required to provide a second blood draw during a follow-up visit one year after morbidity (n = 22, one lost). Characteristic metabolites and relative metabolic pathways were screened via UPLC/MS platform base on the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) and Human Metabolome Database. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn to evaluate the predictive value of characteristic metabolites in the prognosis after discharge. RESULTS: We successfully established an orthogonal partial least squares discriminated analysis model (R2X = 71.2%, R2Y = 79.6%, and Q2 = 55.9%) and screened out 24 ions; the sphingolipid metabolism pathway showed the most drastic change. The ROC curve analysis showed that ceramide [Cer(d18:0/16:0), Cer(t18:0/12:0)] and sphinganine in the sphingolipid pathway have high sensitivity and specificity on the prognosis related to major adverse cardiovascular events after youth patients were discharged. The area under curve (AUC) was 0.671, 0.750, and 0.711, respectively. A follow-up validation one year after morbidity showed corresponding AUC of 0.778, 0.833, and 0.806. CONCLUSIONS: By analyzing the plasma metabolism of myocardial infarction patients, we successfully established a model that can distinguish two different factors simultaneously: pathological conditions and age. Sphingolipid metabolism is the top most altered pathway in young STEMI patients and as such may represent a valuable prognostic factor and potential therapeutic target.

A 20-year follow-up study on the effects of long-term exposure to thorium dust.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possible effects of long-term exposure to dust containing thorium and thoron progeny on dust-exposed miners. METHODS: A negative, high voltage, exhaled thoron progeny measurement system was used to estimate the miners' thorium lung burden. RESULTS: The highest thorium lung burden of 638 miners was 11.11 Bq. The incidence of stage 0(+) pneumoconiosis was higher among dust-exposed miners. Lung cancer mortality of the dust-exposed miners was significantly higher than that of controls (P < 0.005). CONCLUSION: There is a difference in cancer rates between those who have long-term exposure to dust containing thorium (in which carcinogenic ThO(2) and SiO(2) exist) and thoron progeny and those who have not.